CCNA Chapter 4

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They will share all routes saved in NVRAM prior to the power loss with their directly connected neighbors

They will multicast hello packets to all other routers in the network to establish neighbor adjacencies.

They will send updates that include only directly connected routes to their directly connected neighbors.

They will broadcast their full routing table to all routers in the network

An update routing timer expires

A corrupt update message is received

A route is installed in the routing table

The network is converged

The Holddown timer will wait to remove the route from the table for 60 seconds.

The Invalid timer will mark the route as unusable if an update has not been received in 180 seconds.

The Update timer will request an update for routes there were learned from Router B

The Hello timer will expire after 10 seconds and the route will be flushed out of the routing table

A packet bouncing back and forth between two loopback interfaces on a router

A condition where return path from a destination is different from the outbound path forming a "loop"

A condition where a packet is constantly transmitted within a series of routers without ever reaching its intended destination

The distribution or routes from one routing protocol into another

Uses a broadcast to update all other routers in the network every 60 seconds

Uses a multicast address to update other routers every 90 seconds

Will send out an update if there is a failure of a link

Updates only contain information about routes

Ensures an invalid route has a metric of 15

Prevents a router from sending any sending any updates after it has introduced a routing loop into the network

Ensures every new route is valid before sending an update

Instructs routers to ignore updates for a specified time or event,about possible inaccessible routes

Routing updates are split in half to reduce the update time

Information learned from one source is not distributed back to that source

New route information must be learned from multiple sources to be acceptd

The time between updates is split in half to speed convergence

It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by buffering the updates as they leave the router interfaces.

It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by subracting a random length of time ranging from 0 % to 15% of specified interval time from the next routing update interval.

It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by causing the router to skip every other scheduled update time

It prevents the synchronization of routing updates by forcing the router to listen when its time for other updates on the lines before sending its update

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Split horizon

Error condition

Hold -down timer

Route poisioning

Count to infinity

The path will be router A > router B >.router C >.router E.

The path will be router A > router D > router E

Router A will load balance between the router A >.router D >router E and router A >router B >router C>router E paths

Packets will alternate paths depending on the order they arrive at router A .

Used to mark routers as unreachable in updates sent to other to routes

Prevents regular update messages from reinstating a route that may have gone bad

Prevents a router from advertising a network through the interface from which the update came

Limits the time or hops that a packet can traverse through the network before it should be discarded

Defines a maximum metric value for each distance vector routing protocol by setting a maximum hop count