C Plus Plus - From 101 To 222 Multiple Choice

The correct answer is displayArray(prices) because it correctly calls the displayArray() function and passes the prices array as an argument. The other options are incorrect because they either use incorrect syntax or attempt to pass the array in a way that is not compatible with the function's parameter.

In a two-dimensional array, the first row is assigned a row subscript of 0. This means that the first row is accessed using the index 0. The row subscript indicates the position or location of the row within the array. Since arrays in many programming languages start indexing from 0, the first row is assigned a subscript of 0 rather than 1.

A field is a single item of information about a person, place, or thing. It can be any specific piece of data such as a name, a salary, a Social Security number, or a price. Fields are used to store and organize data in a database or spreadsheet. They are essential for categorizing and retrieving information efficiently.

A programmer evaluates a program by running it on the computer and using sample data to test its accuracy. This involves analyzing the program's performance, checking for any errors or bugs, and ensuring that it produces the desired results. By evaluating the program in this way, the programmer can make necessary adjustments and improvements to enhance its functionality and efficiency.

When you compile a Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 program, the compiler generates the appropriate object code, saving it automatically in a file whose filename extension is .obj.

The correct answer is "string company = "";". This statement creates a string variable named company and initializes it to an empty string. The double quotation marks represent an empty string in programming.

In a flowchart, the repetition symbol typically has two flowlines leading into the symbol. This indicates that the process or set of instructions within the symbol will be repeated a certain number of times. The two flowlines represent the beginning and end of the loop, allowing the flow of control to go back and repeat the specified instructions.

In .NET C++, the Random class is used to generate random numbers. This class provides methods to generate random integers, doubles, and other data types. It allows you to specify a range for the generated numbers and provides various methods for generating random numbers based on different algorithms. Therefore, the correct answer is Random.

The correct answer is "calc(salary, raiseRate, raise,newSalary)" because it matches the function call format of the declared function "void calc(double, double, double &, double &)" where the arguments are passed in the correct order and types.

The correct answer is "close()". When you are done working with a file in programming, you need to close it to free up system resources. The "close()" function is used to close a file. This ensures that any changes made to the file are saved and the file is no longer accessible for reading or writing.

Polymorphism is the object-oriented feature that allows the same instruction to be carried out differently depending on the object. It enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass, allowing methods to be defined in the superclass and overridden in the subclasses. This allows for flexibility and reusability in code, as different objects can respond differently to the same method call. Polymorphism promotes code extensibility and modularity, making it a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming.

In C++, you have the ability to define your own classes. Once you have defined a class, you can create instances of that class, which are known as objects. These objects can be used to store data and perform operations based on the class's defined functions and variables.

A class definition is typically entered in a separate file called a header file. This file contains the declarations and definitions of the class, which are then included in other files using the include directive. The header file serves as a blueprint for the class and allows other parts of the program to access and use its functions and variables.

The translation of an algorithm into a language that the computer can understand is referred to as coding. Coding involves writing the algorithm in a specific programming language, using the syntax and rules of that language, so that the computer can execute the instructions and perform the desired tasks.

The getline() function can be used to get string input from the user at the keyboard.

An "if" selection structure contains only one set of instructions that are executed when the condition is true. This means that if the condition specified in the "if" statement evaluates to true, the instructions within the "if" block will be executed. In contrast, an "if/else" structure allows for two sets of instructions, one for when the condition is true and another for when it is false. The "switch" and "case" keywords are used for implementing multi-way selection structures, where different sets of instructions are executed based on the value of a variable.

In a sequential access file, the data is stored in a specific order and can only be accessed sequentially, meaning that you have to read or write the data in the order it was stored. Therefore, before writing the fourth line in a sequential access file, you must first write lines one through three in the same order.

Multiple-path selection structures are also referred to as "extended" selection structures. This term is used to describe selection structures that have multiple paths or branches, allowing for more complex decision-making processes. Unlike simple selection structures, which only have two possible paths, extended selection structures can have multiple paths and can handle more complex conditions and logic.

In programming, when a set of instructions is repeated multiple times, it is referred to as iterations. The term "iterations" is commonly used to describe the repetitive nature of loops in programming. A loop allows a specific block of code to be executed repeatedly until a certain condition is met. Therefore, "iterations" is the appropriate term to describe the repetitions in a loop.

The given code snippet shows a while loop nested within another while loop. The inner loop is responsible for reading the value of "sales" from the user, and it continues to execute as long as the value of "sales" is greater than 0. Therefore, the correct answer is "while (sales > 0)" as it marks the beginning of the inner loop.

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The function body begins with an opening curly brace. This is because in most programming languages, including C++, Java, and JavaScript, the opening curly brace indicates the start of a block of code that belongs to a function. The closing curly brace is used to mark the end of the function body.

A value-returning function is a type of function that uses its return value to send information back to the function that called it. This means that after the value-returning function completes its task, it will return a value that can be used by the calling function. This allows for the transfer of data or results from one function to another, enabling the program to perform more complex operations or make decisions based on the returned value.

The correct answer is "letters[0] = 'X';" because it assigns the character 'X' to the first element of the letters array. The other options either assign the string "X" or assign the character 'X' to the second element of the array.

A #include directive provides a convenient way to merge the source code from one file with the source code in another file, without having to retype the code. This allows for code reuse and modularity, as it allows the programmer to include commonly used code or libraries in multiple files without duplicating the code. The included file is typically a header file (.h) that contains function prototypes, constant definitions, and other declarations that are needed in the source file.

The + operator has a higher precedence than the

High-level languages use an interpreter rather than a compiler. An interpreter translates and executes the code line by line, converting it into machine code on the fly. This allows for immediate feedback and easier debugging. On the other hand, a compiler translates the entire code into machine code before execution, resulting in faster execution but a longer development cycle.

The line "cout" is an example of a syntax error because it is missing the "

The bubble sort algorithm works by comparing adjacent array elements and interchanging (swapping) the ones that are out of order. This means that if two adjacent elements are not in the correct order, they will be swapped with each other so that they are in the correct order. This process is repeated until the entire array is sorted.

The correct answer is "void displayArray(double [])". This is because the square brackets "[]" indicate that the function receives an array of double elements. The other options are incorrect because they use different syntax that does not specify an array.

The correct answer is "char grades[3][2] = {{'A', 'A'},{'B', 'C'},{'D', 'B'}};". This answer correctly declares and initializes a three-row, two-column char array named grades. The array is initialized with the values 'A', 'A' in the first row, 'B', 'C' in the second row, and 'D', 'B' in the third row.

A class definition is used to specify the attributes and behaviors of an object. It defines the structure and behavior of objects of a particular class, including the data members (attributes) and member functions (behaviors) that the objects will have. The class definition serves as a blueprint for creating objects of that class, allowing them to have the same attributes and behaviors. By defining a class, you can create multiple objects with similar properties and functionalities, providing a way to organize and manage data in an object-oriented programming language.

The purpose of analyzing a problem is to determine the goal of solving the problem and the items that are needed to achieve that goal. In this context, the term "output" refers to the desired result or outcome of solving the problem. By analyzing the problem, one can identify what needs to be produced or achieved as a result of the problem-solving process. Therefore, "output" is the correct answer as it aligns with the goal of determining the desired outcome of solving the problem.

Named constants are locations within the computer's internal memory where a program can temporarily store data while the program is running. Unlike variables, named constants cannot be changed once they are assigned a value. They are used to store data that remains constant throughout the execution of the program, such as mathematical or physical constants. This allows for easier readability and maintenance of the code, as the value of the constant can be easily identified and modified if necessary.

The correct answer is "float price = static_cast(3.1);" because the static_cast keyword is used to explicitly convert the double number 3.1 to a float data type. The syntax for static_cast is static_cast(expression), where new_type is the desired data type and expression is the value to be converted. In this case, the expression is 3.1 and the new_type is float, so the double value 3.1 is converted to a float and assigned to the variable named price.

In most for clauses, the "first" argument creates and initializes a counter variable. This means that the counter variable is declared and assigned an initial value at the beginning of the for loop. The counter variable is then used to control the iteration of the loop, typically by incrementing or decrementing its value with each iteration.

Programmers use the repetition structure when they need the computer to repeatedly process one or more program instructions until some condition is met. This structure allows them to create loops that will execute a block of code multiple times until a specific condition is satisfied. It is commonly used when there is a need to iterate through a collection of data or perform a specific task multiple times. The repetition structure helps in making programs more efficient and flexible by automating repetitive tasks.

The repetition symbol in a flowchart contains the loop condition. This condition determines whether the loop should continue or terminate based on a specified condition. It acts as a control mechanism for the loop, allowing it to repeat a certain set of instructions until the condition is no longer met. By evaluating the loop condition at each iteration, the flowchart can determine whether to continue executing the loop or exit it.

In the context of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), the term "encapsulate" refers to the process of enclosing data and methods within a class. A class acts as a blueprint or template for creating objects, which are instances of that class. By encapsulating data and methods within a class, we can control access to them and ensure that they are only manipulated in a controlled and consistent manner. Therefore, the correct answer is "class".

Behaviors refer to the operations that an object can perform or respond to. It includes the actions or functions that can be executed by the object. In object-oriented programming, objects are designed to have specific behaviors that define their functionality. These behaviors can be called or invoked by other objects or the system itself. Therefore, the correct answer is behaviors.

Programs written in an assembly language require an assembler, which is a program that converts the assembly code into machine code. The assembler translates the mnemonic instructions and symbolic labels into binary instructions and memory addresses that the computer can understand and execute. Unlike a compiler, which translates high-level languages into machine code, an assembler specifically works with assembly language. An interpreter, on the other hand, executes the source code directly without converting it into machine code. A linker, while important in the overall process of program execution, is not responsible for converting assembly code into machine code.

Pretest loops are also called "top-driven" loops because the condition is checked before the loop body is executed. In other words, the loop will only run if the condition is initially true. This type of loop is commonly used when the number of iterations is unknown or when the loop should not run if the condition is false from the beginning. The opposite of a top-driven loop is a bottom-driven loop, where the condition is checked after the loop body is executed.

A posttest loop is a type of loop where the condition is checked after the loop body is executed. In this type of loop, the loop body will always be executed at least once before the condition is checked. Therefore, the instructions in a posttest loop will be processed at least once.

The correct answer is "pow()". In C++, the "pow()" function is a built-in function that can be used to raise a number to a power. It takes two arguments, the base number and the exponent, and returns the result as a double number. This function is commonly used in mathematical calculations where exponentiation is required.

A pointer is used by the computer to keep track of the next character either to read from or write to a file. A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. In this case, the pointer would store the memory address of the next character in the file, allowing the computer to access it efficiently.

An IPO chart, also known as an Input-Process-Output chart, is a tool used by programmers to organize and summarize the results of a problem analysis. It helps in identifying the inputs, processes, and outputs of a problem, allowing programmers to visualize the flow of data and information within a program. It is a systematic way of understanding and documenting the requirements of a problem, making it easier to design and develop a solution.

To use the fixed stream manipulator, the program must contain the "using std::fixed;" statement. This statement is necessary to include the fixed manipulator from the standard library, which allows for the formatting of floating-point values in fixed-point notation. The "using" keyword is used to bring the fixed manipulator into the current scope, so it can be used in the program to format the output of floating-point values.

The correct answer is "open()". In C++, the "open()" function is used along with the input and output file objects to open actual files on the computer's disk. This function allows the program to access and manipulate the contents of the file by providing the necessary file path and mode (such as read, write, append, etc.).

The correct answer is "!". In C++, the "!" symbol is used as the Not logical operator. It is used to invert the value of a boolean expression. For example, if a variable "x" is true, using the "!" operator will make it false, and vice versa.

In C++, the toupper() function is used to convert a character to uppercase. This function takes a single character as input and returns the uppercase version of that character. It is a built-in function in the C++ standard library and is commonly used when working with characters and strings in C++. The other options, toUpper(), toUpperCase(), and upperCase() are not valid functions in C++, so the correct answer is toupper().

In order to use the transform() function in a program, the statement "using std::transform;" needs to be entered. This statement allows the program to access the transform() function from the standard library.

In C++, the pretest loop can be coded using the "for" statement. The "for" loop allows you to specify the initialization, condition, and increment/decrement in a single line, making it convenient for looping a specific number of times. This loop is executed only if the condition is true, making it a pretest loop.

The correct answer is "FormattedDate" because it follows the Pascal case convention. Pascal case is a naming convention in which each word in a compound word is capitalized, and there are no spaces or underscores between the words. In this case, "FormattedDate" is written in Pascal case, while the other options ("formattedDate", "formatted_date", "formatted-date") do not follow this convention.

A coded algorithm is not typically referred to as a pseudocode, library, or program. Instead, it is more commonly known as a diagram, which visually represents the steps and logic of an algorithm. This diagram helps in understanding and implementing the algorithm in a structured and organized manner.

A common error made by C++ programmers is to separate the arguments in the for clause with commas. This is incorrect because in C++, the for loop requires semicolons to separate the initialization, condition, and iteration statements. Using commas instead of semicolons can lead to syntax errors and unexpected behavior in the program.

The correct answer is #include. In C++ programming, the #include directive is used to include header files in a program. In this case, the program needs to include a file object, so it must use the #include directive to include the necessary header file that defines the file object.

A method is a function that is defined in a class definition. In object-oriented programming, a class is a blueprint for creating objects, and methods are the behaviors or actions that an object can perform. Methods are associated with a specific class and can access and manipulate the data within that class. They are used to define the functionality of an object and allow it to interact with other objects in the program. Therefore, a method is the correct answer as it accurately describes the function defined within a class.

The scope resolution operator in C++ is denoted by "::". It is used to access variables, functions, or classes that are defined in a specific scope or namespace. The "::" operator allows the programmer to differentiate between variables or functions with the same name but defined in different scopes, ensuring the correct one is accessed.

The function header in a void function begins with the return type 'void', followed by the function name and any parameters enclosed in parentheses. The return type 'void' indicates that the function does not return any value.

The void function uses variables that are passed by reference to send information back to the function that called it. In a void function, no value is returned, but it can modify the variables that are passed to it by reference, allowing it to send information back to the calling function. This is useful when we want to modify variables in the calling function without returning a value.

A value-returning function is a type of function that is designed to return precisely one value to the statement that called the function. This means that when the function is executed, it will perform some operations and then return a value back to the calling statement. This value can then be used for further calculations or processing within the program.

In a switch statement, when the selectorExpression does not match any of the values listed in the case clauses, the computer processes the instructions contained in the default clause. If the default clause is not available, the computer skips to the instruction following the switch statement’s closing brace.

The term "lifetime" refers to the duration or length of time that a variable remains in the computer's internal memory. It indicates how long the variable will be available for use in the program before it is deallocated or removed from memory. The lifetime of a variable is an important concept in programming, as it determines when the variable can be accessed and when it will be destroyed.

Passing a variable's value to a function is referred to as passing by value.

Comparison operators are often referred to as "relational" operators because they are used to compare two values and determine the relationship between them. These operators include greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to. They return a boolean value (true or false) based on the result of the comparison.

The correct answer is #include. This directive is used to include the necessary header file in the program that contains the definition of the transform() function. By including the appropriate header file, the program can access and use the transform() function without any compilation errors.

In the C++ programming language, keywords are reserved words that have a specific meaning and cannot be used as identifiers. Examples of keywords in C++ include int, double, and return. These keywords are used to define data types (int, double), control the flow of a program (return), and perform various other functions. They are an essential part of the language and must be used correctly to ensure proper program execution.

When calling a function, the values that are passed to it are known as actual arguments. These arguments are the specific data or variables that are provided to the function when it is called. The function then uses these arguments to perform its operations and return a result if necessary. In contrast, formal parameters are the variables or placeholders defined in the function's declaration, which are used to receive and process the actual arguments passed to the function.

In the code shown above, the computer continues processing the outer loop's instructions until the value stored in the region variable is 3.

The correct answer is "priming read". In the given algorithm, step 1 is where the sales value is entered. This initial input of the sales value before entering the loop is known as a priming read. It is necessary to have a starting value for the loop condition to be evaluated correctly.

The correct answer is using std::ios; because std::ios is the standard header file for input/output operations in C++. Including this statement allows the program to use the input/output stream classes and their associated functions, such as ifstream for reading from a file. The other options (fstream, stdlib, file) are not necessary for creating an input file object.

In a loop, the priming read is used to prepare or set up the loop. This means that before the loop starts executing, the priming read is used to initialize any necessary variables or conditions that are needed for the loop to function properly. It ensures that the loop starts with the correct initial values or conditions before proceeding with the rest of the loop logic.