C++ Programming Language Hardest Exam! Trivia Quiz

1. (T F) Another way to created a running total other than total = total + num is to write total += num.

True

False

The statement is true because the expression "total += num" is a shorthand way of writing "total = total + num". Both expressions will achieve the same result of updating the value of the variable "total" by adding the value of "num" to it.

Explanation

The statement is true because the expression "total += num" is a shorthand way of writing "total = total + num". Both expressions will achieve the same result of updating the value of the variable "total" by adding the value of "num" to it.

2. A library is a collection of program code that can be used by other programs.

True

False

A library is a collection of program code that can be used by other programs. This means that libraries contain pre-written code that can be utilized by developers in their own programs, saving them time and effort. By using libraries, developers can access functions, classes, or modules that have already been created and tested, allowing them to focus on other aspects of their program. Therefore, the statement "A library is a collection of program code that can be used by other programs" is true.

Explanation

A library is a collection of program code that can be used by other programs. This means that libraries contain pre-written code that can be utilized by developers in their own programs, saving them time and effort. By using libraries, developers can access functions, classes, or modules that have already been created and tested, allowing them to focus on other aspects of their program. Therefore, the statement "A library is a collection of program code that can be used by other programs" is true.

3. C++ programs should contain comments to explain the code.

True

False

Including comments in C++ programs is considered good practice because it helps in understanding and explaining the code. Comments provide additional information about the purpose, functionality, and logic of the code, making it easier for other developers (or even the original developer) to read and maintain the code. They can also serve as documentation for future reference. Therefore, it is recommended to include comments in C++ programs to enhance code readability and maintainability.

Explanation

Including comments in C++ programs is considered good practice because it helps in understanding and explaining the code. Comments provide additional information about the purpose, functionality, and logic of the code, making it easier for other developers (or even the original developer) to read and maintain the code. They can also serve as documentation for future reference. Therefore, it is recommended to include comments in C++ programs to enhance code readability and maintainability.

4. (T F) The following symbols represent OR: &&.

True

False

The statement is false because the symbols "&&" represent AND, not OR. OR is represented by the symbol "||".

Explanation

The statement is false because the symbols "&&" represent AND, not OR. OR is represented by the symbol "||".

5. What is the value of x after the following statements? int x, y, z; y = 10; z = 3; x = y * z + 3;

Garbage

60

30

33

The value of x is 33 because the expression y * z + 3 evaluates to 33. The value of y is 10 and the value of z is 3, so when we multiply y and z we get 30, and then we add 3 to get the final result of 33.

Explanation

The value of x is 33 because the expression y * z + 3 evaluates to 33. The value of y is 10 and the value of z is 3, so when we multiply y and z we get 30, and then we add 3 to get the final result of 33.

6. Which of the following is not a phase of the program-design process?

Problem-solving

Implementation

Marketing the final program

The program-design process consists of several phases, including problem-solving, implementation, and marketing the final program. However, marketing the final program is not considered a phase of the program-design process. This phase typically occurs after the program has been designed and developed, and it involves promoting and advertising the program to potential users or customers. It focuses on creating awareness and generating interest in the program, rather than the actual design and development of the program itself.

Explanation

The program-design process consists of several phases, including problem-solving, implementation, and marketing the final program. However, marketing the final program is not considered a phase of the program-design process. This phase typically occurs after the program has been designed and developed, and it involves promoting and advertising the program to potential users or customers. It focuses on creating awareness and generating interest in the program, rather than the actual design and development of the program itself.

7. C++ is not case-sensitive.

True

False

C++ is actually case-sensitive, meaning that it distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters. This means that variables, functions, and other identifiers must be written with consistent capitalization in order for the program to compile correctly. For example, "myVariable" and "myvariable" would be considered as two separate identifiers in C++. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Explanation

C++ is actually case-sensitive, meaning that it distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters. This means that variables, functions, and other identifiers must be written with consistent capitalization in order for the program to compile correctly. For example, "myVariable" and "myvariable" would be considered as two separate identifiers in C++. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

8. Str1 = "abc"; str2 = "xyz"; str3 = str1 + "-" +str2; Suppose that str1, str2, and str3 are string variables. After the statements above execute, the value of str3 is "_____".

Abc

Xyz

Abc-xyz

Xyz-abc

The given code declares three string variables, str1, str2, and str3. The value of str1 is "abc" and the value of str2 is "xyz". The code then concatenates str1, a hyphen "-", and str2 together using the + operator and assigns the resulting string to str3. So, after the statements execute, the value of str3 is "abc-xyz".

Explanation

The given code declares three string variables, str1, str2, and str3. The value of str1 is "abc" and the value of str2 is "xyz". The code then concatenates str1, a hyphen "-", and str2 together using the + operator and assigns the resulting string to str3. So, after the statements execute, the value of str3 is "abc-xyz".

9. An "if" structure inside another "if" structure is called a:

Nested if

Dangling if

Boolean if

A nested if structure refers to an if statement that is placed inside another if statement. It allows for more complex decision-making by providing multiple levels of conditions to be evaluated. This can be useful when certain conditions need to be met before checking additional conditions. By nesting if statements, the program can execute different blocks of code based on the combination of conditions being true or false.

Explanation

A nested if structure refers to an if statement that is placed inside another if statement. It allows for more complex decision-making by providing multiple levels of conditions to be evaluated. This can be useful when certain conditions need to be met before checking additional conditions. By nesting if statements, the program can execute different blocks of code based on the combination of conditions being true or false.

10. (T F) A function is invoked by a function call.

True

False

A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. It can be invoked or called by using its name followed by parentheses. When a function is invoked, the program jumps to that function and executes the code inside it. Therefore, a function is indeed invoked by a function call.

Explanation

A function is a block of code that performs a specific task. It can be invoked or called by using its name followed by parentheses. When a function is invoked, the program jumps to that function and executes the code inside it. Therefore, a function is indeed invoked by a function call.

11. Which of the following data types may be used in a switch statement?

Int

Char

Enum

Long

All answers are correct

In a switch statement, any of the given data types (int, char, enum, long) can be used. This is because a switch statement allows for multiple cases to be evaluated, and these data types can all be used as the expression to evaluate the cases. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.

Explanation

In a switch statement, any of the given data types (int, char, enum, long) can be used. This is because a switch statement allows for multiple cases to be evaluated, and these data types can all be used as the expression to evaluate the cases. Therefore, all of the given answers are correct.

12. What is the output of the following code? float value; value = 33.5; cout << value << endl;

33.5

33

Value

Garbage

The code initializes a variable named "value" with the value 33.5. Then, it prints the value of "value" followed by a line break. Therefore, the output of the code will be "33.5".

Explanation

The code initializes a variable named "value" with the value 33.5. Then, it prints the value of "value" followed by a line break. Therefore, the output of the code will be "33.5".

13. What is the output of the following program fragment? cout << pow(4,2) << endl;

4

2

8

16

The program fragment uses the pow() function to calculate the result of raising 4 to the power of 2. The pow() function takes two arguments, the base (4 in this case) and the exponent (2 in this case), and returns the result of the exponentiation. The result, 16, is then printed to the console followed by a newline character.

Explanation

The program fragment uses the pow() function to calculate the result of raising 4 to the power of 2. The pow() function takes two arguments, the base (4 in this case) and the exponent (2 in this case), and returns the result of the exponentiation. The result, 16, is then printed to the console followed by a newline character.

14. When you type int main( ), it means that an integer will be returned.

True

False

When you type "int main( )", it means that the main function will return an integer value. In C++ and some other programming languages, the main function is the entry point of the program, and it is expected to return an integer value to indicate the status of the program execution. Therefore, the statement "an integer will be returned" is correct.

Explanation

When you type "int main( )", it means that the main function will return an integer value. In C++ and some other programming languages, the main function is the entry point of the program, and it is expected to return an integer value to indicate the status of the program execution. Therefore, the statement "an integer will be returned" is correct.

15. A variable assigned int can produce a number with decimals.

True

False

A variable assigned int cannot produce a number with decimals because int is a data type that represents whole numbers only. If we need to store numbers with decimals, we would use a different data type such as float or double.

Explanation

A variable assigned int cannot produce a number with decimals because int is a data type that represents whole numbers only. If we need to store numbers with decimals, we would use a different data type such as float or double.

16. An algorithm is

The inputs and outputs of a program

The part of the computer that does the processing

A finite set of steps to solve a problem

A complete computer program

The correct answer is "A finite set of steps to solve a problem". This answer accurately describes an algorithm, which is a precise and unambiguous set of instructions or steps that can be followed to solve a specific problem or perform a specific task. An algorithm can be implemented in any programming language and is independent of the inputs and outputs of a program, the processing unit of a computer, or being a complete computer program.

Explanation

The correct answer is "A finite set of steps to solve a problem". This answer accurately describes an algorithm, which is a precise and unambiguous set of instructions or steps that can be followed to solve a specific problem or perform a specific task. An algorithm can be implemented in any programming language and is independent of the inputs and outputs of a program, the processing unit of a computer, or being a complete computer program.

17. What is the value of x after the following code fragment executes? float x = 36.0; x = sqrt(x);

36.0

6.0

3.0

2.456

The code fragment starts by initializing the variable x with the value 36.0. Then, the sqrt() function is applied to x, which calculates the square root of x. The square root of 36.0 is 6.0. Therefore, the value of x after the code fragment executes is 6.0.

Explanation

The code fragment starts by initializing the variable x with the value 36.0. Then, the sqrt() function is applied to x, which calculates the square root of x. The square root of 36.0 is 6.0. Therefore, the value of x after the code fragment executes is 6.0.

18. Call-by-reference should be used

For all variables

When the function needs to change the value of one or more arguments

Never

Only in void functions

Call-by-reference should be used when the function needs to change the value of one or more arguments. This is because call-by-reference allows the function to directly access and modify the original variables passed as arguments, rather than creating copies of them. By using call-by-reference, any changes made to the arguments inside the function will be reflected outside of the function as well. This is particularly useful when the function needs to update the values of variables in the calling code.

Explanation

Call-by-reference should be used when the function needs to change the value of one or more arguments. This is because call-by-reference allows the function to directly access and modify the original variables passed as arguments, rather than creating copies of them. By using call-by-reference, any changes made to the arguments inside the function will be reflected outside of the function as well. This is particularly useful when the function needs to update the values of variables in the calling code.

19. The statement num is less than 10 or num is greater than 50 in C++ is written as _____.

Num < 10 or num > 50

(num < 10) or (num > 50)

Num < 10 || num > 50

Num < 10 && num > 50

The correct answer is "num < 10 || num > 50". This is the correct way to write the statement "num is less than 0 or num is greater than 50" in C++. The "||" operator is the logical OR operator, which checks if either condition is true. In this case, it checks if num is less than 10 or if num is greater than 50.

Explanation

The correct answer is "num < 10 || num > 50". This is the correct way to write the statement "num is less than 0 or num is greater than 50" in C++. The "||" operator is the logical OR operator, which checks if either condition is true. In this case, it checks if num is less than 10 or if num is greater than 50.

20. The following code: int *p; declares p to be a(n) ____ variable.

New

Num

Pointer

Address

The given code declares a variable named "p" to be a pointer. A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. In this case, "p" is declared as a pointer to an integer, as indicated by the use of the "*" symbol before the variable name.

Explanation

The given code declares a variable named "p" to be a pointer. A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. In this case, "p" is declared as a pointer to an integer, as indicated by the use of the "*" symbol before the variable name.

21. The identifiers in the system-provided header files such as iostream, cmath, and iomanip are defined in the namespace _____.

Cctype

Stdl

Std

Stdlib

The identifiers in the system-provided header files such as iostream, cmath, and iomanip are defined in the "std" namespace. The "std" namespace is used to avoid naming conflicts and to organize the code in a structured manner. By using the "std" namespace, the identifiers in these header files can be accessed using the scope resolution operator "::".

Explanation

The identifiers in the system-provided header files such as iostream, cmath, and iomanip are defined in the "std" namespace. The "std" namespace is used to avoid naming conflicts and to organize the code in a structured manner. By using the "std" namespace, the identifiers in these header files can be accessed using the scope resolution operator "::".

22. Assume you have the following declaration char nameList[100];. Which of the following ranges is valid for the index of the array nameList?

0 through 99

0 through 100

1 through 100

1 through 101

The valid range for the index of the array nameList is from 0 through 99. This is because arrays in C/C++ are zero-indexed, meaning the first element of the array is at index 0 and the last element is at index n-1, where n is the size of the array. In this case, the array nameList has a size of 100, so the valid index range is from 0 to 99.

Explanation

The valid range for the index of the array nameList is from 0 through 99. This is because arrays in C/C++ are zero-indexed, meaning the first element of the array is at index 0 and the last element is at index n-1, where n is the size of the array. In this case, the array nameList has a size of 100, so the valid index range is from 0 to 99.

23. What is the output produced by the following segment of code? int x, y; y = 123; x = y + y; y = 19; cout << " x = " << x; cout << " y = " << y;

X = 246 y = 19

X = 246 y = 123

X = 38 y = 19

X = 38 y = 246

The code initializes two variables, x and y. It assigns the value 123 to y. Then, it assigns the value of y + y (which is 123 + 123 = 246) to x. After that, it assigns the value 19 to y. Finally, it prints the values of x and y. Therefore, the output will be "x = 246 y = 19".

Explanation

The code initializes two variables, x and y. It assigns the value 123 to y. Then, it assigns the value of y + y (which is 123 + 123 = 246) to x. After that, it assigns the value 19 to y. Finally, it prints the values of x and y. Therefore, the output will be "x = 246 y = 19".

24.

Which boolean operation is described by the following table?

A	B	Operation
True	True	True
True	False	True
False	True	True
False	False	False

Or

And

Not

None of the above

The correct answer is "or". This is because the operation returns "True" when at least one of the inputs is "True". In the given table, whenever either A or B is "True", the result is "True". Only when both A and B are "False", the result is "False".

Explanation

The correct answer is "or". This is because the operation returns "True" when at least one of the inputs is "True". In the given table, whenever either A or B is "True", the result is "True". Only when both A and B are "False", the result is "False".

25. If you need to write a function that will compute the cost of some candy, where each piece costs 25 cents, which would be an appropriate function declaration?

Int calculateCost(char name);

Char calculateCost(int count);

Int calculateCost int count;

Int calculateCost(int count);

The appropriate function declaration for computing the cost of candy would be "int calculateCost(int count);" because it takes an integer parameter "count" which represents the number of candy pieces, and it returns an integer value representing the total cost in cents. The other function declarations are not suitable because they either have the wrong parameter type or missing parameter type.

Explanation

The appropriate function declaration for computing the cost of candy would be "int calculateCost(int count);" because it takes an integer parameter "count" which represents the number of candy pieces, and it returns an integer value representing the total cost in cents. The other function declarations are not suitable because they either have the wrong parameter type or missing parameter type.

26. The expression static_cast(3) is called a

Type cast

Multiplier

Doubler

Polymorphism

The expression static_cast(3) is called a type cast. Type casting is a way to convert one data type into another. In this case, the static_cast is used to explicitly convert the value 3 into a different type.

Explanation

The expression static_cast(3) is called a type cast. Type casting is a way to convert one data type into another. In this case, the static_cast is used to explicitly convert the value 3 into a different type.

27. If the user types in the characters 10, and your program reads them into an integer variable, what is the value stored into that integer?

1

0

10

None of the above

When the user types in the characters "10", the program reads them into an integer variable. Since the characters "10" represent the numeric value of ten, the value stored into that integer variable will be 10.

Explanation

When the user types in the characters "10", the program reads them into an integer variable. Since the characters "10" represent the numeric value of ten, the value stored into that integer variable will be 10.

28. It is possible when using a while loop that the body of the loop will never be executed.

True

False

In a while loop, the condition is evaluated before each iteration. If the condition is initially false, the body of the loop will never be executed. This can happen when the condition is set to an expression that is always false or when the loop control variable is not properly updated within the loop. Therefore, it is possible for the body of a while loop to never be executed.

Explanation

In a while loop, the condition is evaluated before each iteration. If the condition is initially false, the body of the loop will never be executed. This can happen when the condition is set to an expression that is always false or when the loop control variable is not properly updated within the loop. Therefore, it is possible for the body of a while loop to never be executed.

29. A cin statement sends output to the computer screen.

True

False

The cin statement is used in programming languages like C++ to take input from the user, not to send output to the computer screen. It is used to read data from the standard input stream, which can be the keyboard or a file. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect, and the correct answer is False.

Explanation

The cin statement is used in programming languages like C++ to take input from the user, not to send output to the computer screen. It is used to read data from the standard input stream, which can be the keyboard or a file. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect, and the correct answer is False.

30. Testing your program should be done

As each function is developed

At the end of the coding

Only if there appear to be problems

Only if your instructor requires it.

Testing your program should be done as each function is developed because it allows for early detection and resolution of any issues or bugs that may arise during the development process. By testing each function individually, it becomes easier to isolate and identify any errors, making the debugging process more efficient. Additionally, testing at this stage helps ensure that each function works correctly before moving on to the next one, ultimately leading to a more robust and reliable final program.

Explanation

Testing your program should be done as each function is developed because it allows for early detection and resolution of any issues or bugs that may arise during the development process. By testing each function individually, it becomes easier to isolate and identify any errors, making the debugging process more efficient. Additionally, testing at this stage helps ensure that each function works correctly before moving on to the next one, ultimately leading to a more robust and reliable final program.

31. If an & is attached after the data type of a formal parameter, then the formal parameter is a _____.

Value parameter

Reference parameter

Global variable

Default variable

If an "&" is attached after the data type of a formal parameter, it indicates that the formal parameter is a reference parameter. This means that the parameter will not create a new copy of the data when passed to a function, but rather it will refer to the same memory location as the argument that is passed to it. Any changes made to the reference parameter within the function will also affect the original argument outside of the function.

Explanation

If an "&" is attached after the data type of a formal parameter, it indicates that the formal parameter is a reference parameter. This means that the parameter will not create a new copy of the data when passed to a function, but rather it will refer to the same memory location as the argument that is passed to it. Any changes made to the reference parameter within the function will also affect the original argument outside of the function.

32. In C++, you declare a pointer variable by using the ____ symbol.

*

&

#

@

In C++, you declare a pointer variable by using the "*" symbol. The "*" symbol is used to indicate that a variable is a pointer and can store the memory address of another variable. This allows you to indirectly access and manipulate the value of the variable that the pointer is pointing to.

Explanation

In C++, you declare a pointer variable by using the "*" symbol. The "*" symbol is used to indicate that a variable is a pointer and can store the memory address of another variable. This allows you to indirectly access and manipulate the value of the variable that the pointer is pointing to.

33. Which of the following would allow you to move to the next line:

<< “Enter \n”;

<< endl;

<< Next Line;

In C++ programming, the << endl; command is used to insert a newline character, which moves the output to the next line. This effectively ends the current line of text and starts a new one, similar to \n, but endl also flushes the output buffer.

Explanation

In C++ programming, the << endl; command is used to insert a newline character, which moves the output to the next line. This effectively ends the current line of text and starts a new one, similar to \n, but endl also flushes the output buffer.

34. What is wrong with the following for loop? for(int i=0; i<10; i--) { cout << "Hello\n"; }

Can not use a for-loop for this

I is not initialized

Infinite loop

Off-by-one error

The given for loop is an infinite loop because the condition for the loop to continue is i

Explanation

The given for loop is an infinite loop because the condition for the loop to continue is i

35. Which boolean operation is described by the following table?

A	B	Operation
True	True	True
True	False	False
False	True	False
False	False	False

Or

And

Not

None of the above

The given table represents the boolean operation "and". In this operation, the result is true only when both inputs are true. In all other cases, the result is false.

Explanation

The given table represents the boolean operation "and". In this operation, the result is true only when both inputs are true. In all other cases, the result is false.

36. Consider the following statement: double alpha[10][5];. The number of components of alpha is _____.

15

50

100

150

The statement "double alpha[10][5];" declares a 2-dimensional array called alpha with 10 rows and 5 columns. The number of components in the array can be calculated by multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns, which is 10 * 5 = 50. Therefore, the correct answer is 50.

Explanation

The statement "double alpha[10][5];" declares a 2-dimensional array called alpha with 10 rows and 5 columns. The number of components in the array can be calculated by multiplying the number of rows by the number of columns, which is 10 * 5 = 50. Therefore, the correct answer is 50.

37. The break statement:

Immediately terminates a program

Causes a program to go into an infinite loop

Immediately terminates the current block of code

Is a special debugging command

The break statement is used in programming to immediately terminate the current block of code. It is often used in loops or switch statements to exit the loop or skip the remaining code in the block. This allows the program to jump to the next statement after the loop or switch, effectively terminating the current block of code. It does not terminate the entire program or cause an infinite loop.

Explanation

The break statement is used in programming to immediately terminate the current block of code. It is often used in loops or switch statements to exit the loop or skip the remaining code in the block. This allows the program to jump to the next statement after the loop or switch, effectively terminating the current block of code. It does not terminate the entire program or cause an infinite loop.

38. When a void function is called, it is known as

An output function.

A returned value.

An executable statement.

A comment

When a void function is called, it is known as an executable statement because it performs a specific task or action within the program. Unlike functions that return a value, a void function does not provide any output or returned value. Instead, it executes a series of statements or commands to carry out a particular operation. Therefore, calling a void function is considered an executable statement within the program's flow of execution.

Explanation

When a void function is called, it is known as an executable statement because it performs a specific task or action within the program. Unlike functions that return a value, a void function does not provide any output or returned value. Instead, it executes a series of statements or commands to carry out a particular operation. Therefore, calling a void function is considered an executable statement within the program's flow of execution.

39. When a void function is called, it is known as

An output function.

A returned value

An executable statement

A comment

When a void function is called, it is known as an executable statement because it performs a specific task or action when it is executed. Unlike functions that return a value, void functions do not have a return type and therefore do not return any value. Instead, they are used to perform actions or operations without returning a result.

Explanation

When a void function is called, it is known as an executable statement because it performs a specific task or action when it is executed. Unlike functions that return a value, void functions do not have a return type and therefore do not return any value. Instead, they are used to perform actions or operations without returning a result.

40. (T F) A program can still run if it has a warning error.

True

False

A program can still run if it has a warning error because warning errors are not critical and do not prevent the program from executing. Warning errors are typically issued by the compiler or IDE to alert the programmer about potential issues or best practices that should be followed. While it is recommended to address warning errors to ensure the program is optimized and error-free, they do not hinder the program's functionality and execution.

Explanation

A program can still run if it has a warning error because warning errors are not critical and do not prevent the program from executing. Warning errors are typically issued by the compiler or IDE to alert the programmer about potential issues or best practices that should be followed. While it is recommended to address warning errors to ensure the program is optimized and error-free, they do not hinder the program's functionality and execution.

41. What is the value of the following? sqrt(pow(2,4));

1

2

4

16

The given expression calculates the square root of the result of raising 2 to the power of 4. In other words, it calculates the square root of 16. The square root of 16 is 4.

Explanation

The given expression calculates the square root of the result of raising 2 to the power of 4. In other words, it calculates the square root of 16. The square root of 16 is 4.

42. If x is a char variable, which of the following are legal assignment statements:

X = city;

X = “city”;

X = ‘c’;

X = “c”;

The given answer is correct because it assigns the character 'c' to the variable x, which is a char variable. In C++, single quotes are used to represent individual characters, so 'c' is a valid assignment statement for a char variable. The other options are not valid because assigning a string literal or a variable of a different data type to a char variable would result in a type mismatch.

Explanation

The given answer is correct because it assigns the character 'c' to the variable x, which is a char variable. In C++, single quotes are used to represent individual characters, so 'c' is a valid assignment statement for a char variable. The other options are not valid because assigning a string literal or a variable of a different data type to a char variable would result in a type mismatch.

43. (T F) A semicolon is always placed after the condition of an if statement.

True

False

A semicolon is not always placed after the condition of an if statement. In most programming languages, including languages like C, C++, Java, and Python, a semicolon is not required after the condition of an if statement. The semicolon is only used to terminate a statement, and the condition of an if statement is not considered a separate statement. Therefore, it is not necessary to include a semicolon after the condition of an if statement.

Explanation

A semicolon is not always placed after the condition of an if statement. In most programming languages, including languages like C, C++, Java, and Python, a semicolon is not required after the condition of an if statement. The semicolon is only used to terminate a statement, and the condition of an if statement is not considered a separate statement. Therefore, it is not necessary to include a semicolon after the condition of an if statement.

44. Which of the following is not part of the Software Life Cycle?

Analysis

Design

Data Entry

Implementation

Testing

Data Entry is not part of the Software Life Cycle because it refers to the process of inputting data into a computer system, which is not a specific phase or activity in the software development process. The Software Life Cycle typically includes phases such as Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Testing, which are essential steps in developing and deploying software applications. Data Entry, on the other hand, is a separate task that involves entering data into a system, but it is not directly related to the overall software development process.

Explanation

Data Entry is not part of the Software Life Cycle because it refers to the process of inputting data into a computer system, which is not a specific phase or activity in the software development process. The Software Life Cycle typically includes phases such as Analysis, Design, Implementation, and Testing, which are essential steps in developing and deploying software applications. Data Entry, on the other hand, is a separate task that involves entering data into a system, but it is not directly related to the overall software development process.

45. Information Hiding is analogous to using

An algorithmic design

A black-box methodology

Actual parameters

Information hiding is analogous to using a black-box methodology because both involve the concept of encapsulating details and complexity. In information hiding, the internal workings of a module or object are hidden from the outside world, allowing for easier maintenance and modification. Similarly, in a black-box methodology, the inner workings of a system or process are not visible or accessible, and only the inputs and outputs are considered. Both approaches promote abstraction and modularization, making it easier to understand and work with complex systems.

Explanation

Information hiding is analogous to using a black-box methodology because both involve the concept of encapsulating details and complexity. In information hiding, the internal workings of a module or object are hidden from the outside world, allowing for easier maintenance and modification. Similarly, in a black-box methodology, the inner workings of a system or process are not visible or accessible, and only the inputs and outputs are considered. Both approaches promote abstraction and modularization, making it easier to understand and work with complex systems.

46. Cin >> num; if (num > 0) num = num + 10; else if (num >= 5) num = num + 15; After the execution of the code above, what will be the value of num if the input value is 5?

0

15

25

5

The value of num will be 15 if the input value is 5. This is because the input value is not greater than 0, so the else statement is executed. Since the input value is equal to 5, the condition num >= 5 is true and the value of num is increased by 15. Therefore, the final value of num is 15.

Explanation

The value of num will be 15 if the input value is 5. This is because the input value is not greater than 0, so the else statement is executed. Since the input value is equal to 5, the condition num >= 5 is true and the value of num is increased by 15. Therefore, the final value of num is 15.

47. // will allow you to make a multiple line comment.

True

False

The given correct answer is "False". This is because the statement "// will allow you to make a multiple line comment." is incorrect. In most programming languages, the syntax for making a multiple line comment is different, and using "//" typically indicates a single line comment instead. Therefore, the answer is false as "//" does not allow for multiple line comments.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "False". This is because the statement "// will allow you to make a multiple line comment." is incorrect. In most programming languages, the syntax for making a multiple line comment is different, and using "//" typically indicates a single line comment instead. Therefore, the answer is false as "//" does not allow for multiple line comments.

48. What is the value returned by the following function? int function() { int value = 35; return value + 5; value += 10; }

35

40

50

10

The function returns the value of "value" variable plus 5, which is 40. The code after the return statement is not executed, so the line "value += 10;" does not affect the returned value.

Explanation

The function returns the value of "value" variable plus 5, which is 40. The code after the return statement is not executed, so the line "value += 10;" does not affect the returned value.

49. Libraries are included after the main function.

True

False

In C programming, libraries are typically included before the main function using the #include directive. This allows the program to access any necessary functions or definitions from the library. Including libraries after the main function would result in compilation errors as the program would not recognize the library functions. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation

In C programming, libraries are typically included before the main function using the #include directive. This allows the program to access any necessary functions or definitions from the library. Including libraries after the main function would result in compilation errors as the program would not recognize the library functions. Therefore, the given statement is false.

50. A simplified version of a function which is used to test the main program is called

A stub

Abstraction

Polymorphism

A driver

A simplified version of a function used to test the main program is called a stub. A stub is a placeholder or a temporary implementation of a function that allows the main program to be tested without fully implementing all the functionality. It provides a basic structure or interface for the function, allowing the program to compile and run, but the actual logic or implementation of the function is not fully developed. Stubs are commonly used in software development to simulate the behavior of complex functions or modules during testing.

Explanation

A simplified version of a function used to test the main program is called a stub. A stub is a placeholder or a temporary implementation of a function that allows the main program to be tested without fully implementing all the functionality. It provides a basic structure or interface for the function, allowing the program to compile and run, but the actual logic or implementation of the function is not fully developed. Stubs are commonly used in software development to simulate the behavior of complex functions or modules during testing.

51. Cout << fixed << showpoint; cout <<setprecision(2); cout << x < < " " << y << " " << z << endl; Suppose that x = 25.67, y = 356.876, and z = 7623.9674. What is the output of the above statements? (assume you have included iomanip)

25.67 356.87 7623.96

25.67 356.87 7623.97

25.67 356.88 7623.97

25.67 356.876 7623.967

The code snippet uses the "fixed" and "showpoint" manipulators to display floating-point numbers in fixed-point notation with a decimal point. It then sets the precision to 2 decimal places using the "setprecision" function.

Given that x = 25.67, y = 356.876, and z = 7623.9674, the output will be 25.67 (unchanged), 356.88 (rounded to 2 decimal places), and 7623.97 (rounded to 2 decimal places). Therefore, the correct answer is "25.67 356.88 7623.97".

Explanation

The code snippet uses the "fixed" and "showpoint" manipulators to display floating-point numbers in fixed-point notation with a decimal point. It then sets the precision to 2 decimal places using the "setprecision" function.

Given that x = 25.67, y = 356.876, and z = 7623.9674, the output will be 25.67 (unchanged), 356.88 (rounded to 2 decimal places), and 7623.97 (rounded to 2 decimal places). Therefore, the correct answer is "25.67 356.88 7623.97".

52. The set of instructions that a computer will follow is known as:

Hardware

Algorithm

Program

CPU

A program refers to the set of instructions that a computer will follow. This set of instructions can be written in a programming language and is responsible for telling the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. It includes a series of steps that the computer executes in order to complete a specific task or achieve a desired outcome. Therefore, program is the correct answer as it accurately describes the set of instructions that a computer will follow.

Explanation

A program refers to the set of instructions that a computer will follow. This set of instructions can be written in a programming language and is responsible for telling the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. It includes a series of steps that the computer executes in order to complete a specific task or achieve a desired outcome. Therefore, program is the correct answer as it accurately describes the set of instructions that a computer will follow.

53. Which of the following is not a valid identifier?

Return

MyInt

MyInteger

Total3

The identifier "return" is not a valid identifier because it is a reserved keyword in many programming languages. Reserved keywords have special meanings in the language and cannot be used as identifiers for variables, functions, or other elements in the code.

Explanation

The identifier "return" is not a valid identifier because it is a reserved keyword in many programming languages. Reserved keywords have special meanings in the language and cannot be used as identifiers for variables, functions, or other elements in the code.

54. Cout << fixed << showpoint; cout <<setprecision(2); cout << x << " " << y << " " << z << endl; Suppose that x = 25.67, y = 356.876, and z = 7623.9674. What is the output of the above statements?

25.67 356.87 7623.96

25.67 356.87 7623.97

25.67 356.88 7623.97

25.67 356.876 7623.967

The code snippet uses the fixed manipulator to set the floating-point output format to fixed-point notation. The showpoint manipulator ensures that the decimal point is always displayed, even if there are no decimal places. The setprecision(2) function sets the precision of the output to 2 decimal places. Therefore, when the values of x, y, and z are printed using cout, they will be displayed with 2 decimal places. The correct answer is "25.67 356.88 7623.97" because it matches the expected output format.

Explanation

The code snippet uses the fixed manipulator to set the floating-point output format to fixed-point notation. The showpoint manipulator ensures that the decimal point is always displayed, even if there are no decimal places. The setprecision(2) function sets the precision of the output to 2 decimal places. Therefore, when the values of x, y, and z are printed using cout, they will be displayed with 2 decimal places. The correct answer is "25.67 356.88 7623.97" because it matches the expected output format.

55. A function that is associated with an object is called a _________ function.

Input

Output

Member

Instantiated

A function that is associated with an object is called a member function. This type of function is defined within a class and can access the object's data members and other member functions. It is used to perform specific operations or actions on the object.

Explanation

A function that is associated with an object is called a member function. This type of function is defined within a class and can access the object's data members and other member functions. It is used to perform specific operations or actions on the object.

56. By using a \", you can create a quotation mark inside of a string.

True

False

By using a \”, you can create a quotation mark inside of a string. This statement is true. In programming languages, the backslash (\) is often used as an escape character to indicate that the following character has a special meaning. In this case, the \” is used to represent a quotation mark within a string. This allows programmers to include quotation marks as part of the string without causing syntax errors or confusion with the surrounding code.

Explanation

By using a \”, you can create a quotation mark inside of a string. This statement is true. In programming languages, the backslash (\) is often used as an escape character to indicate that the following character has a special meaning. In this case, the \” is used to represent a quotation mark within a string. This allows programmers to include quotation marks as part of the string without causing syntax errors or confusion with the surrounding code.

57. Suppose that alpha is a double variable. Choose the value of alpha after the following statement executes: alpha = 12.5 + static_cast<double>(13) / 2;.

Alpha = 18.0

Alpha = 18.5

Alpha = 19.0

Alpha = 19.5

The statement alpha = 12.5 + static_cast(13) / 2; calculates the value of alpha by adding 12.5 to the result of dividing 13 by 2. Since 13 divided by 2 is 6.5, the result of the expression is 12.5 + 6.5 = 19.0. Therefore, the value of alpha after the statement executes is 19.0.

Explanation

The statement alpha = 12.5 + static_cast(13) / 2; calculates the value of alpha by adding 12.5 to the result of dividing 13 by 2. Since 13 divided by 2 is 6.5, the result of the expression is 12.5 + 6.5 = 19.0. Therefore, the value of alpha after the statement executes is 19.0.

58. Which of the following statements is NOT legal?

Char ch='b';

Char ch='0';

Char ch=65;

Char ch="cc";

The statement "char ch="cc";" is not legal because it is assigning a string value to a char variable. In C++, a char variable can only store a single character, not a string of characters.

Explanation

The statement "char ch="cc";" is not legal because it is assigning a string value to a char variable. In C++, a char variable can only store a single character, not a string of characters.

59. When parameters are passed between the calling code and the called function, parameters and arguments are matched by:

Their data types

Their relative positions in the parameter and argument lists

Their names

They are not matched up at all.

When parameters are passed between the calling code and the called function, the matching of parameters and arguments is based on their relative positions in the parameter and argument lists. This means that the first parameter in the parameter list will be matched with the first argument in the argument list, the second parameter with the second argument, and so on. The order in which the parameters and arguments are listed is crucial for the correct matching to occur.

Explanation

When parameters are passed between the calling code and the called function, the matching of parameters and arguments is based on their relative positions in the parameter and argument lists. This means that the first parameter in the parameter list will be matched with the first argument in the argument list, the second parameter with the second argument, and so on. The order in which the parameters and arguments are listed is crucial for the correct matching to occur.

60. X = 10; y = 15; mystery(x, y); void mystery (int& one, int two) { int temp; temp = one; one = two; two = temp; } What are the values of x and y after the statements above execute? (Assume that variables are properly declared.)

X = 10; y = 10

X = 10; y = 15

X = 15; y = 10

X = 15; y = 15

None are correct

The values of x and y after the statements above execute are x = 15 and y = 15. This is because the mystery function swaps the values of the two input parameters. So, the value of x becomes equal to the initial value of y (which is 15) and the value of y becomes equal to the initial value of x (which is also 15).

Explanation

The values of x and y after the statements above execute are x = 15 and y = 15. This is because the mystery function swaps the values of the two input parameters. So, the value of x becomes equal to the initial value of y (which is 15) and the value of y becomes equal to the initial value of x (which is also 15).

61. A variable listed in a function call is known as a(n) _____ parameter. A variable list in a header is known as a(n) _____ parameter.

Actual; actual

Formal; formal

Actual; formal

Formal; actual

In a function call, the variables that are passed as arguments are known as actual parameters. These actual parameters are the values that are actually used in the function. On the other hand, in a function header, the variables that are declared as placeholders for the values to be passed are known as formal parameters. These formal parameters act as variables within the function and are assigned the values of the actual parameters when the function is called. Therefore, the correct answer is "actual; formal".

Explanation

In a function call, the variables that are passed as arguments are known as actual parameters. These actual parameters are the values that are actually used in the function. On the other hand, in a function header, the variables that are declared as placeholders for the values to be passed are known as formal parameters. These formal parameters act as variables within the function and are assigned the values of the actual parameters when the function is called. Therefore, the correct answer is "actual; formal".

62. Which of the following is not an example of a program bug?

Run-time error

Operator error

Syntax error

Logic error

An operator error refers to a mistake made by the user while interacting with a program, such as entering incorrect input or selecting the wrong option. It is not considered a program bug because it is not an issue with the program's code or functionality. Instead, it is a mistake made by the user that leads to unexpected or incorrect results. Program bugs, on the other hand, refer to errors or flaws in the program's code that cause it to behave incorrectly or produce incorrect results.

Explanation

An operator error refers to a mistake made by the user while interacting with a program, such as entering incorrect input or selecting the wrong option. It is not considered a program bug because it is not an issue with the program's code or functionality. Instead, it is a mistake made by the user that leads to unexpected or incorrect results. Program bugs, on the other hand, refer to errors or flaws in the program's code that cause it to behave incorrectly or produce incorrect results.

63. If a function needs to modify more than one variable, it must

Be pass by value

Be a void function

Return all values needed

Be a call by reference function

If a function needs to modify more than one variable, it must be a call by reference function. This is because call by reference allows the function to directly access and modify the original variables, rather than creating copies of them. By passing the variables by reference, any changes made within the function will be reflected in the original variables outside of the function. This is necessary when multiple variables need to be modified within a function.

Explanation

If a function needs to modify more than one variable, it must be a call by reference function. This is because call by reference allows the function to directly access and modify the original variables, rather than creating copies of them. By passing the variables by reference, any changes made within the function will be reflected in the original variables outside of the function. This is necessary when multiple variables need to be modified within a function.

64. A simplified main program used to test functions is called

A stub

Abstraction

Polymorphism

A driver

A stub is a simplified main program used to test functions. It is a placeholder that simulates the behavior of a real program or function, allowing developers to test individual components before integrating them into the larger system. Stubs are often used when certain dependencies or components are not yet implemented or available, allowing developers to focus on testing specific functionality without the need for a complete and fully functional program.

Explanation

A stub is a simplified main program used to test functions. It is a placeholder that simulates the behavior of a real program or function, allowing developers to test individual components before integrating them into the larger system. Stubs are often used when certain dependencies or components are not yet implemented or available, allowing developers to focus on testing specific functionality without the need for a complete and fully functional program.

65. Before using the data type string, the program must include the header file _____.

Enum

Iostream

String

Std

Before using the data type string, the program must include the header file "string". This is because the string data type is a part of the standard library in C++, and in order to use it, the program needs to include the appropriate header file. By including the "string" header file, the program can access the necessary functions and classes related to strings.

Explanation

Before using the data type string, the program must include the header file "string". This is because the string data type is a part of the standard library in C++, and in order to use it, the program needs to include the appropriate header file. By including the "string" header file, the program can access the necessary functions and classes related to strings.

66. X = 6 if (x > 10) cout << " One " ; cout << " Two " ;

One

Two

One Two

Two One

The given code first assigns the value 6 to the variable x. Then, it checks if the value of x is greater than 10. Since 6 is not greater than 10, the condition evaluates to false and the code inside the if statement is not executed. Therefore, the program moves on to the next line of code which is "cout

Explanation

The given code first assigns the value 6 to the variable x. Then, it checks if the value of x is greater than 10. Since 6 is not greater than 10, the condition evaluates to false and the code inside the if statement is not executed. Therefore, the program moves on to the next line of code which is "cout

67. X = 10; y = 15; mystery (x, y); void mystery(int& one, int two) { int temp; temp = one; one = two; two = temp; } What are the values of x and y after the statements above execute? (Assume that variables are properly declared.)

X = 10; y = 10

X = 10; y = 15

X = 15; y = 10

X = 15; y = 15

The values of x and y after the statements above execute are x = 15 and y = 15. This is because the function "mystery" swaps the values of the two input variables. In this case, the initial values of x and y are 10 and 15 respectively. After the function is called, the value of x becomes 15 (which was the initial value of y) and the value of y becomes 15 (which was the initial value of x).

Explanation

The values of x and y after the statements above execute are x = 15 and y = 15. This is because the function "mystery" swaps the values of the two input variables. In this case, the initial values of x and y are 10 and 15 respectively. After the function is called, the value of x becomes 15 (which was the initial value of y) and the value of y becomes 15 (which was the initial value of x).

68. What is the value of x after the following statements? int x; x = x + 30;

0

30

33

Garbage

The value of x is not initialized before the statement x = x + 30. Therefore, when this statement is executed, the value of x is undefined or garbage.

Explanation

The value of x is not initialized before the statement x = x + 30. Therefore, when this statement is executed, the value of x is undefined or garbage.

69. The length of the string "Hello There. " is _____.

11

12

13

14

The length of a string is determined by the number of characters it contains. In this case, the string "Hello There. " consists of 13 characters, including the space at the end. Therefore, the correct answer is 13.

Explanation

The length of a string is determined by the number of characters it contains. In this case, the string "Hello There. " consists of 13 characters, including the space at the end. Therefore, the correct answer is 13.

70. An array created during the execution of a program is called a(n) ____ array.

List

Static

Execution

Dynamic

A dynamic array is created during the execution of a program. Unlike a static array, which has a fixed size and cannot be changed once it is declared, a dynamic array can be resized and modified as needed during the program's execution. This allows for more flexibility and adaptability in handling varying amounts of data.

Explanation

A dynamic array is created during the execution of a program. Unlike a static array, which has a fixed size and cannot be changed once it is declared, a dynamic array can be resized and modified as needed during the program's execution. This allows for more flexibility and adaptability in handling varying amounts of data.

71. What is the output of the following function call? //function body int factorial(int n) { int product=0; while(n > 0) { product = product * n; n—; } return product; } //function call cout << factorial(4);

4

0

24

48

The output of the function call factorial(4) is 0. This is because the variable "product" is initialized to 0 and is never updated within the while loop. Therefore, when the loop ends, the value of "product" remains 0 and is returned as the output.

Explanation

The output of the function call factorial(4) is 0. This is because the variable "product" is initialized to 0 and is never updated within the while loop. Therefore, when the loop ends, the value of "product" remains 0 and is returned as the output.

72. When a variable is local to a function, we say that it has ___ of the function

Value

Constance

Scope

Locality

When a variable is local to a function, it means that it can only be accessed and used within that specific function. This concept is known as the scope of the variable. The scope defines the visibility and accessibility of the variable, ensuring that it does not interfere with other variables outside of the function. Therefore, the correct answer is "scope".

Explanation

When a variable is local to a function, it means that it can only be accessed and used within that specific function. This concept is known as the scope of the variable. The scope defines the visibility and accessibility of the variable, ensuring that it does not interfere with other variables outside of the function. Therefore, the correct answer is "scope".

73. What is the value of x after the following statement? float x; x = 3.0 / 4.0 + 3 + 2 / 5

5.75

4.75

1.75

3.75

The value of x is 3.75. This is because the expression on the right side of the assignment operator (=) is evaluated from left to right. First, the division 3.0 / 4.0 is performed, resulting in 0.75. Then, the addition 0.75 + 3 is calculated, giving 3.75. Finally, the division 2 / 5 is performed, resulting in 0.4, but since x is declared as a float, the decimal part is retained, giving the final value of 3.75.

Explanation

The value of x is 3.75. This is because the expression on the right side of the assignment operator (=) is evaluated from left to right. First, the division 3.0 / 4.0 is performed, resulting in 0.75. Then, the addition 0.75 + 3 is calculated, giving 3.75. Finally, the division 2 / 5 is performed, resulting in 0.4, but since x is declared as a float, the decimal part is retained, giving the final value of 3.75.

74. The body of the main program is enclosed in parentheses.

True

False

The body of the main program is not enclosed in parentheses. In most programming languages, the main program is typically defined by a block of code that is not enclosed in parentheses. Instead, it is usually defined by using specific keywords or symbols, such as "main()" or "public static void main(String[] args)". Therefore, the given statement is false.

Explanation

The body of the main program is not enclosed in parentheses. In most programming languages, the main program is typically defined by a block of code that is not enclosed in parentheses. Instead, it is usually defined by using specific keywords or symbols, such as "main()" or "public static void main(String[] args)". Therefore, the given statement is false.

75. What is wrong with the following code? int f1( int x, int y) { x = y * y; return x; int f2( float a, float& b) { if(a < b) b = a; else a=b; return 0.0; } }

Neither function should return a value

Function definitions may not be nested

Both parameters to f2 should be pass-by reference

In f2, a can not be assigned b.

Nothing is wrong

The given code contains two function definitions, f1 and f2, which are nested within each other. However, in C++ (and most programming languages), function definitions cannot be nested. Each function should be defined separately and not within another function. This is why the correct answer is "Function definitions may not be nested."

Explanation

The given code contains two function definitions, f1 and f2, which are nested within each other. However, in C++ (and most programming languages), function definitions cannot be nested. Each function should be defined separately and not within another function. This is why the correct answer is "Function definitions may not be nested."

76. Int j, int num = 2; int sum = 0; for (j = 1; j < = 4; j++) { sum = sum + num; } cout << sum << endl;

4

6

8

10

The code initializes three variables: j, num with a value of 2, and sum with a value of 0. It then enters a for loop that iterates as long as j is less than or equal to 4. In each iteration, the value of num is added to the sum. After the loop finishes, the sum is printed, which would be 8 in this case.

Explanation

The code initializes three variables: j, num with a value of 2, and sum with a value of 0. It then enters a for loop that iterates as long as j is less than or equal to 4. In each iteration, the value of num is added to the sum. After the loop finishes, the sum is printed, which would be 8 in this case.

77. After a stream is opened, before it is used for input and output, it should be

Declared

Closed

Checked to see if it opened correctly

None of the above

Before a stream is used for input and output, it should be checked to see if it opened correctly. This is important because if the stream did not open successfully, attempting to use it for input and output operations may result in errors or unexpected behavior. By checking if the stream opened correctly, any potential issues can be identified and handled appropriately before proceeding with further operations.

Explanation

Before a stream is used for input and output, it should be checked to see if it opened correctly. This is important because if the stream did not open successfully, attempting to use it for input and output operations may result in errors or unexpected behavior. By checking if the stream opened correctly, any potential issues can be identified and handled appropriately before proceeding with further operations.

78. When overloading a function, what must be true?

The names should be different with the same number and/or types of parameters.

The names should be the same with different number and/or types of parameters.

The names should be different with different number and/or types of parameters.

The names should be the same with the same number and/or types of parameters.

When overloading a function, the names of the functions should be the same, but the number and/or types of parameters should be different. This allows multiple functions with the same name to be defined, but with different parameter lists. This enables the programmer to perform different operations based on the arguments passed to the function.

Explanation

When overloading a function, the names of the functions should be the same, but the number and/or types of parameters should be different. This allows multiple functions with the same name to be defined, but with different parameter lists. This enables the programmer to perform different operations based on the arguments passed to the function.

79. What is the output of the following code? char ch='G'; cout << tolower(ch) << endl;

G

The integer value of 'g'

The integer value of 'G'

The output of the code is the integer value of 'g'. The function tolower() is used to convert the character 'G' to its lowercase equivalent, which is 'g'. The lowercase 'g' is then printed to the console.

Explanation

The output of the code is the integer value of 'g'. The function tolower() is used to convert the character 'G' to its lowercase equivalent, which is 'g'. The lowercase 'g' is then printed to the console.

80. Given the following statements: int x = 25; int *p = &x; *p = 46; what is the value of x?

Null

0

25

46

The value of x is 46 because the variable p is a pointer that points to the memory address of x. By dereferencing the pointer using the * operator, the value at that memory address is changed to 46. Therefore, the value of x is also updated to 46.

Explanation

The value of x is 46 because the variable p is a pointer that points to the memory address of x. By dereferencing the pointer using the * operator, the value at that memory address is changed to 46. Therefore, the value of x is also updated to 46.

81. In C++, the dot is an operator called the _____ operator.

Dot access

Member access

Data access

Member

The dot operator in C++ is known as the member access operator. It is used to access the members (variables and functions) of a class or object. By using the dot operator, we can access and manipulate the data stored within the members of a class. Hence, the correct answer is "member access".

Explanation

The dot operator in C++ is known as the member access operator. It is used to access the members (variables and functions) of a class or object. By using the dot operator, we can access and manipulate the data stored within the members of a class. Hence, the correct answer is "member access".

82. Given the following code, what is the final value of i? int i,j; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { for(j=0;j<3;j++) { if(i==2) break; } }

3

4

5

0

The final value of i is 4. The outer loop iterates 4 times (i=0, i=1, i=2, i=3), and the inner loop iterates 3 times for each iteration of the outer loop. However, when i=2, the inner loop is terminated with the break statement. Therefore, the inner loop only runs twice when i=2. As a result, i reaches its final value of 4.

Explanation

The final value of i is 4. The outer loop iterates 4 times (i=0, i=1, i=2, i=3), and the inner loop iterates 3 times for each iteration of the outer loop. However, when i=2, the inner loop is terminated with the break statement. Therefore, the inner loop only runs twice when i=2. As a result, i reaches its final value of 4.

83. What is the output produced by the following segment of code? (be sure to do the math correctly) int S = 12; int T = 5; cout << S/T <<"\t"<< S%T;

2 2

2.4 0

2.4 2

2 2.4

The code segment calculates the quotient and remainder when 12 is divided by 5. The result is then printed out, with the quotient followed by a tab character and then the remainder. In this case, the quotient is 2 and the remainder is 2, so the output will be "2 2".

Explanation

The code segment calculates the quotient and remainder when 12 is divided by 5. The result is then printed out, with the quotient followed by a tab character and then the remainder. In this case, the quotient is 2 and the remainder is 2, so the output will be "2 2".

84. Where S is a String, the difference between cin>>S; and getline (cin, S); is that:

A. nothing; they behave identically

B. cin >> S; allows for a multiple word entry but getline (cin, S); does not

C. getline (cin, S); allows for a multiple word entry but cin >> S; does not

D. cin >> S; allows for an integer value entry but getline (cin, S); does not

The correct answer is c. getline (cin, S); allows for a multiple word entry but cin >> S; does not. This is because cin >> S; reads input until it encounters a whitespace character, while getline (cin, S); reads input until it encounters a newline character. Therefore, cin >> S; only allows for a single word entry, while getline (cin, S); allows for a multiple word entry.

Explanation

The correct answer is c. getline (cin, S); allows for a multiple word entry but cin >> S; does not. This is because cin >> S; reads input until it encounters a whitespace character, while getline (cin, S); reads input until it encounters a newline character. Therefore, cin >> S; only allows for a single word entry, while getline (cin, S); allows for a multiple word entry.

85. Double sales [50]; int j; Consider the declaration above. Which of the following correctly initializes the array sales?

For(j = 0; j

For(j = 1; j

For(j = 0; j

For(j = 1; j

The correct answer is "for(j = 0; j

Explanation

The correct answer is "for(j = 0; j

86. What is the output produced by the following segment of code? for (int x = 0; x <= 5; x++) cout << "#";

######

####

#

An infinite sequence of #’s is generated.

The provided C++ code outputs the character '#' six times horizontally. The loop runs six times (x takes on values 0 to 5 inclusive), and in each iteration, the '#' character is printed to the console without any spaces or newlines. Therefore, the output is "######".

Explanation

The provided C++ code outputs the character '#' six times horizontally. The loop runs six times (x takes on values 0 to 5 inclusive), and in each iteration, the '#' character is printed to the console without any spaces or newlines. Therefore, the output is "######".

87. What is the output of the following function and function call? void calculateCost(int count, float& subTotal, float taxCost); float tax = 0.0, subtotal = 0.0; calculateCost(15, subtotal,tax); cout << "The cost for 15 items is " << subtotal << ", and the tax for " << subtotal << " is " << tax << endl; //end of fragment void calculateCost(int count, float& subTotal, float taxCost) { if ( count < 10) { subTotal = count * 0.50; } else { subTotal = count * 0.20; } taxCost = 0.1 * subTotal; }

The cost for 15 items is 3.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.30;

The cost for 15 items is 0.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.00;

The cost for 15 items is 0.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.30;

The cost for 15 items is 3.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.00;

The function calculateCost takes in three parameters: count, subTotal, and taxCost. Inside the function, it checks if the count is less than 10. If it is, it multiplies the count by 0.50 and assigns the result to subTotal. If the count is not less than 10, it multiplies the count by 0.20 and assigns the result to subTotal. Then, it calculates the taxCost by multiplying 0.1 with the subTotal.

In the given function call, calculateCost(15, subtotal, tax), the count is 15 which is not less than 10. Therefore, subTotal is calculated as 15 * 0.20 = 3.00. The taxCost is calculated as 0.1 * 3.00 = 0.30.

So, the output of the function call is "The cost for 15 items is 3.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.30."

Explanation

The function calculateCost takes in three parameters: count, subTotal, and taxCost. Inside the function, it checks if the count is less than 10. If it is, it multiplies the count by 0.50 and assigns the result to subTotal. If the count is not less than 10, it multiplies the count by 0.20 and assigns the result to subTotal. Then, it calculates the taxCost by multiplying 0.1 with the subTotal.

In the given function call, calculateCost(15, subtotal, tax), the count is 15 which is not less than 10. Therefore, subTotal is calculated as 15 * 0.20 = 3.00. The taxCost is calculated as 0.1 * 3.00 = 0.30.

So, the output of the function call is "The cost for 15 items is 3.00, and the tax for 3.00 is 0.30."

88. Which of the following are equivalent to (!(x<15 && y>=3))?

(x>15 && y

(x>=15 && y < 3)

(x>=15 || y < 3)

(x>15 || y < 3)

The given expression is a negation of (x=3). In other words, it is equivalent to the opposite of (x=3). The opposite of (x=3) is (x>=15 || y=15 || y

Explanation

The given expression is a negation of (x=3). In other words, it is equivalent to the opposite of (x=3). The opposite of (x=3) is (x>=15 || y=15 || y

89. Count = 1; num = 25; while(count < 25) { num = num - 1; count ++; } cout << count << " " << num << endl; What is the output of the C++ code above?

24 0

24 1

25 0

25 1

The code initializes the variables count to 1 and num to 25. It then enters a while loop that will continue as long as count is less than 25. Inside the loop, it subtracts 1 from num and increments count by 1. After the loop, it prints the values of count and num. Since the loop runs 24 times, count becomes 25 and num becomes 1. Therefore, the output of the code is "25 1".

Explanation

The code initializes the variables count to 1 and num to 25. It then enters a while loop that will continue as long as count is less than 25. Inside the loop, it subtracts 1 from num and increments count by 1. After the loop, it prints the values of count and num. Since the loop runs 24 times, count becomes 25 and num becomes 1. Therefore, the output of the code is "25 1".

90. What is the value of x after the following statements? int x; x = 15 %4;

15

4

3

3.75

The value of x after the given statements is 4. The expression "15 % 4" calculates the remainder when 15 is divided by 4, which is 3. Therefore, x is assigned the value of 3.

Explanation

The value of x after the given statements is 4. The expression "15 % 4" calculates the remainder when 15 is divided by 4, which is 3. Therefore, x is assigned the value of 3.