C++ Ch. 7 Arrays, Vectors

Arrays are data structures that consist of related data items of the same type. They allow for the storage and retrieval of multiple values under a single variable name. Arrays can hold elements such as numbers, characters, or objects, and they are accessed using an index. The given answer includes the plural form "arrays" and the singular form "Array," indicating that both multiple and single instances of this data structure are included. The capitalized "Arrays" suggests that it may be referring to a specific programming language's implementation of arrays.

To refer to a particular location or element in the array, we specify the name of the array and the position index of the particular element. The index is a numerical value that represents the position of an element in the array. It starts from 0 for the first element and increments by 1 for each subsequent element. By using the index, we can access and manipulate specific elements in the array.

The position number in an array is indeed more formally called a subscript or index. This number represents the number of elements from the beginning of the array, allowing us to access specific elements within the array by their position. Therefore, the statement is true.

The correct answer is "int n[10] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };". This is an array declaration with initializers because it declares an array named "n" with a size of 10 and initializes it with the values 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

The array name in the given code snippet is "int1". In C++, the array name is used to refer to the entire array and represents the memory address of the first element of the array. In this case, "int1" is the name given to the array, which is of type "int" and has a size specified by the variable "int2".

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the value of the name of the array is indeed the address in the computer's memory of the first element of the array. This is because arrays are stored in a contiguous block of memory, and the name of the array represents the starting address of that block. When a function is called and the array is passed as an argument, the function knows exactly where the array is stored in memory because it receives the starting address. Therefore, the statement is true.

This statement is true because a subscript or index in programming is used to access elements in an array or a collection. In most programming languages, the subscript or index must be an integer or an expression that evaluates to an integer. This is because arrays are typically implemented using memory addresses, which are integer values. Using non-integer values as subscripts would result in undefined behavior or errors in the program.

When the array size is not specified in the declaration and an initializer list is provided, the compiler will automatically count the number of elements in the initializer list to determine the size of the array. This allows for a more convenient and flexible way of initializing arrays without having to manually specify the size. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct.

The given statement is true because when an array is declared with the "static" keyword, all its elements are automatically initialized to 0 the first time it is called. Therefore, in this case, each element of the array "array1" will be initialized to 0 when it is first called.

This statement is true. In the given code, a multidimensional array is declared using the "int" keyword, followed by the array name and two sets of square brackets. The names "name1" and "name2" represent the dimensions of the array. This syntax allows for the creation of a two-dimensional array, where each element can be accessed using two indices.

The last index number (or subscript) of this array is 10. This is because arrays in most programming languages start indexing from 0, so an array with a size of 11 will have indices ranging from 0 to 10.

In C++, arrays are passed to functions by reference, which means that the called functions can modify the values of the elements in the original arrays of the callers. This allows for the modification of array elements within a function and ensures that the changes made in the function are reflected in the original array.

Pass by reference is a method of passing arguments to a function where the function can directly access and modify the original values of the variables passed to it. This means that any changes made to the variables inside the function will also affect the original values outside the function. Therefore, the statement "Pass by reference means that the calling function can read and write to the original values" is true.

An array is a consecutive group of memory locations that share the same type. This means that the elements of an array are stored in contiguous memory locations, and all the elements in the array have the same data type. This allows for efficient access to the elements of the array using indexing.

The given statement declares an array of integers named "a" with a size of "arraySize" and initializes it with values. The values are 87, 64, 52, 4, 45, 63, 55, 22, and 78. The question asks for the element that is in the 7th index position of the array. In programming, array indices start from 0, so the 7th index position refers to the 8th element in the array. Therefore, the correct answer is 22.

When a static array is not initialized explicitly by the programmer, the compiler automatically initializes each element of the array to zero when the array is created. This means that if the programmer does not assign any values to the elements of the array, they will all be set to zero by default. Therefore, the statement "If a static array is not initialized explicitly by you, each element of that array is initialized to zero by the compiler when the array is created" is true.

When passing an array to a function, it is important to pass the array size as well. This allows the function to know the exact number of elements in the array and process them accordingly. Without knowing the size of the array, the function may not be able to correctly access or manipulate the elements. Therefore, passing the array size along with the array itself ensures that the function can accurately work with the array's elements.

The statement is true because in most programming languages, the name of the array is essentially a pointer to the memory location where the first element of the array is stored. This means that when we access or manipulate the array, we are actually working with the memory address of the first element.

This statement is true because when an entire array is passed as a parameter to a function, it is passed by reference, meaning that the function can modify the original array. However, when individual array elements are passed as parameters, they are passed by value, which means that any changes made to the elements within the function will not affect the original array. This is similar to how simple variables are passed by value.

The given statement is false because a multidimensional array in C++ cannot have an empty size for any of its dimensions. The declaration "int array[ [] ];" is invalid syntax and will result in a compilation error. In order to declare a multidimensional array, the size of each dimension must be specified.

The most dominant method for accessing and printing an entire array is using the FOR loop. The FOR loop allows us to iterate over each element of the array and perform the desired operations, such as printing the values. It provides a concise and efficient way to access and process all the elements in the array without the need for complex conditional statements.

The given statement will compile successfully. It declares an integer array named "array" and initializes it with the values 1, 2, 3, and 4. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

A multidimensional array can be initialized in its declaration, just like a one-dimensional array. This means that you can assign values to the elements of the array at the time of its creation.

Arrays are considered "static" structures because their size does not change during the execution of a program. Once an array is created, it is allocated a fixed amount of memory to store its elements. This means that the size of the array remains constant and does not dynamically adjust based on the program's needs. Therefore, the correct answer is "static".

By applying the 'static' keyword to an array declaration, the array will be created and initialized only once, and its values will be retained across multiple function calls. This means that the array will not be recreated and reinitialized each time the program calls a function containing the array. Therefore, the statement is true.

Passing arrays by value means that a copy of each element in the array is made and passed to the calling function. This can result in a decrease in performance speeds because it requires additional memory and processing time to make these copies. Therefore, the statement that passing arrays by value can cause a penalty in performance speeds is true.

Arrays with two dimensions often represent tables of values consisting of information arranged in rows and columns. In this case, each element of the array can be accessed using two subscripts, where the first subscript represents the row number and the second subscript represents the column number. This allows for easy organization and retrieval of data in a tabular format.

The statement is true because both square brackets [ ] and parentheses ( ) have the highest precedence in mathematical operations. This means that any calculations or operations within these symbols will be performed first before any other operations.

If more initializers are provided in an array initializer list than there are elements in the array, it will result in a compilation error. In other words, if the number of values specified in the initializer list exceeds the size of the array, the compiler will throw an error because there are not enough elements in the array to store all the provided values. Similarly, if the initializer list contains more values than the number of positions or indexes in the array, it will also lead to a compilation error.

When a constant variable is declared, it is expected to have a fixed value that cannot be changed during program execution. Therefore, not assigning a value to a constant variable when it is declared will cause a compilation error. This is because the compiler requires a constant variable to have an initial value that remains constant throughout the program.

The first element in every array has a subscript of zero and is sometimes called the 0th element. This is because in most programming languages, arrays are zero-indexed, meaning that the first element is accessed using the index 0.

Using constants to declare the size of automatic and status arrays is necessary because the size of these arrays needs to be known at compile time. If a non-constant value is used, it would not be possible for the compiler to determine the size of the array, resulting in a compilation error. Therefore, the statement that only constants can be used to declare the size of these arrays is true.

An array is a consecutive group of memory locations that all have the same type. This means that the memory locations for the elements of an array are allocated in a contiguous manner, one after the other. This allows for efficient access and manipulation of array elements using their indices. By having the elements stored consecutively, the array can be easily traversed and processed in a systematic manner.

To declare an array of a certain size, you need to indicate the type of elements in the array, the name of the array, and the size of the array. These three things are necessary to properly declare an array. The element initializer list is not required when declaring an array, as it is used to initialize the elements of the array with specific values. Therefore, the correct answer is Type, Name, and Array Size.

The array "n" has a size of 11, which means it can store a total of 11 elements. Each element in the array can be accessed using an index value ranging from 0 to 10. Therefore, the correct answer is 11.

think of data types

During the compilation phase, the compiler analyzes the code and determines the appropriate amount of memory that needs to be reserved for arrays. This is because arrays require a fixed amount of memory to store their elements. Therefore, at compilation, the compiler calculates the size of the array and allocates the necessary memory space for it.

Declaring more than one array per declaration does not necessarily enhance readability. In fact, it can make the code more confusing and harder to understand. It is generally recommended to declare each array separately to improve code clarity and maintainability. Therefore, the given statement is false.

The given code declares a 2D array named "array1" with 2 rows and 3 columns. The array is initialized with the values {1, 2} in the first row and {4} in the second row. When the array is printed, it will display the values in row-major order. Since the second row has only one element, the remaining two elements in the second row will be initialized with the default value of 0. Therefore, the correct output will be "1 2 0 4 0 0".

The given statement declares a static array named 'n' without specifying its size or initializing its elements. Since the size of the array is not specified, it is not a valid declaration and will result in a compilation error. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

If the array size is omitted from a declaration with an initializer list, the compiler does not determine the number of elements in the array by accessing the closest constant integer to the statement. Instead, it will result in a compiler error because the size of the array cannot be determined. Therefore, the given statement is false.

In this code, the variable "SIZE" is used to determine the size of the array. However, it is not declared as a constant. By declaring it as a constant, it ensures that the value of "SIZE" cannot be changed throughout the program. This is important because the size of an array should not be modified once it is declared. Therefore, the correct answer is that "size should be declared as a constant".

Arrays with multiple dimensions are known as multi-dimensional arrays. The "m" represents the number of rows in the array, while the "n" represents the number of columns. Therefore, the correct answer is multi-dimensional arrays.

The correct answer is "vector name (size);" because this is the correct syntax for declaring a vector in C++. The keyword "vector" is followed by angle brackets containing the data type of the elements in the vector. Then, the name of the vector is specified, followed by parentheses containing the desired size of the vector. This syntax creates a vector object with the specified data type and size.

The given code will not compile because it is declaring a constant variable "x" without initializing it. In C++, constant variables must be initialized at the time of declaration. Therefore, the code will result in a compilation error.

The linear search algorithm compares each element of an array with a search key, which is also known as the key being searched for. This process continues until a match is found or the entire array has been traversed. By comparing each element with the search key, the linear search algorithm can determine if the desired element is present in the array.

In C++, arrays are passed to functions by reference, not by value. This means that the called functions can modify the element values in the caller's original array. Therefore, the statement "C++ passes arrays to functions by value" is incorrect, making the correct answer false.

Pass by value means that the calling function receives a copy of the original values, not the actual values themselves. Therefore, any modifications made to the parameters within the called function do not affect the original values in the calling function.

If a static array is not initialized explicitly by you, the program will still compile. In C++, if an array is not initialized by the programmer, the elements of the array will be automatically initialized to their default values (0 for integers, false for booleans, etc.). This means that the program will compile and run without any issues, even if the array is not explicitly initialized. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The given answer is false because the function1 declaration is missing the data type of the array parameter. In order for the function to receive values from the array correctly, the data type of the array parameter should be specified.