Building Technology 3 Division 3 Concrete

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1. The objective is to continuously attract the termite workers to forage on aslow-acting insect-growth regulator (IGR) called hexaflumuron to eliminate the entireworkers population and the entire colony. The system employs baits and monitoringdevices installed where evidence of infestation is found

Explanation

The correct answer is Bait System. The objective of the system is to attract termite workers to forage on a slow-acting insect-growth regulator called hexaflumuron in order to eliminate the entire worker population and the entire colony. The system employs baits and monitoring devices installed where evidence of infestation is found. This suggests that the bait system is a method used to control termite infestations by strategically placing bait traps to attract and kill termites. The vertical and horizontal barriers mentioned are likely types of bait traps used in the system.

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Building Technology 3 Division 3 Concrete - Quiz

The type of concrete you use varies with the purpose of the building and if not used correctly can lead to collapse of the building. Have you just... see morecovered division 3 on concrete under the building technology 3 class? Take up the test below and see how much of it you understand so far. see less

2. Used to speed up setting time and to develop earlier strength to reducelength of time for protection. Principal ingredients of accelerators are calcium chloride.Maximum amount added is 2 lbs. per bag of cement. Accelerators have disadvantages inthat they increase the expansion and contraction of concrete; reduce resistance to sulfateattack, and increases efflorescence and corrosion of high tension steels.

Explanation

Accelerators are used to speed up the setting time and develop earlier strength in concrete, which helps to reduce the length of time needed for protection. The principal ingredient of accelerators is calcium chloride, and the maximum amount that can be added is 2 lbs. per bag of cement. However, accelerators have some disadvantages, such as increasing the expansion and contraction of concrete, reducing resistance to sulfate attack, and increasing efflorescence and corrosion of high tension steels.

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3. \Concrete strengthened by having steel embedded in its called _________concrete. 

Explanation

Concrete strengthened by having steel embedded in it is called reinforced concrete. This type of concrete is commonly used in construction due to its increased strength and durability. The steel reinforcement helps to provide additional tensile strength to the concrete, allowing it to withstand greater loads and resist cracking. Reinforced concrete is widely used in the construction of buildings, bridges, and other structures where strength and stability are crucial.

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4. When one or more courses or layers of asphalt an asphaltleveling course made of an asphalt and aggregate mixture of variable thickness tocorrect the contour of existing surface, are placed on existing pavement.

Explanation

An asphalt overlay is a process where one or more courses or layers of asphalt, known as an asphalt leveling course, are placed on top of an existing pavement to correct the contour of the surface. This overlay is made of an asphalt and aggregate mixture with a variable thickness. It is a commonly used method to improve the condition and smoothness of existing roads or pavements. The other options, hot mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete, and cold mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete, are types of asphalt materials used in the overlay process.

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5. Good quality concrete is obtained through:

Explanation

Good quality concrete is obtained through a combination of factors. Careful selection of materials ensures that the components used in the concrete are of high quality and suitable for the desired strength and durability. Correct proportioning involves accurately measuring and combining the materials in the right ratios to achieve the desired concrete mix. Thorough mixing ensures that all the components are evenly distributed, resulting in a uniform and homogenous mixture. Careful transporting and placing of the concrete ensures that it is not compromised during transportation and is properly positioned in the desired location. Finally, proper curing or protection of the concrete after it is placed allows it to gain strength and durability over time. Therefore, all of the above mentioned factors contribute to obtaining good quality concrete.

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6. Steel mesh product that is fine enough to keep even tiny termites from passing through it.Termite Mesh is used in slab construction, also used to wrap pipes and other accessareas.

Explanation

Termite Mesh is the correct answer because it is a steel mesh product that is fine enough to prevent even tiny termites from passing through it. It is commonly used in slab construction to create a barrier against termites and is also used to wrap pipes and other access areas to prevent termite infestation.

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7. Formed by grading and compacting layers of crushedstone or gravel, then binding the top layer with asphalt to stabilize the stone, provide a smoother surface, and seal against water penetration.

Explanation

Asphaltic macadam is the correct answer because it is a type of road surface that is formed by grading and compacting layers of crushed stone or gravel, and then binding the top layer with asphalt. This process helps to stabilize the stone, provide a smoother surface, and seal against water penetration. Cold mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete and hot mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete are also types of road surfaces, but they do not specifically mention the use of crushed stone or gravel in their formation.

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8. Before placing concrete, this consideration must take placed.

Explanation

Before placing concrete, several considerations must take place. The forms need to be cleaned and inspected to ensure they are in good condition and free from any debris or damage. Additionally, the surfaces need to be wetted or oiled to prevent the concrete from sticking to them. Lastly, the reinforcement needs to be properly secured to provide structural strength to the concrete. Therefore, all of the above options are correct and necessary steps to be taken before placing concrete.

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9.  (an aggregate smaller than ¼” in size) consists of sand, stonescreenings or other inert materials of similar characteristics.

Explanation

Fine aggregates are smaller than ¼” in size and consist of sand, stonescreenings, or other inert materials with similar characteristics. These aggregates are commonly used in construction projects to create a smooth and cohesive mixture. They help to fill the voids between larger coarse aggregates, providing stability and strength to the overall structure. Fine aggregates also improve the workability of concrete and mortar, making them easier to shape and mold. Additionally, they contribute to the durability and long-term performance of the construction materials.

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10. Used during very hot weather to slow down the hydration of the cement.Principal ingredients of retarders include zinc oxide, calcium lignosulfonate, andderivatives of adipic acid. The use of retarders may cause some loss of early strength andwill therefore require careful control and more frequent slump tests. Retarders alsoreduce the expansion and contraction of concrete.

Explanation

Retarders are used during very hot weather to slow down the hydration of the cement. They contain principal ingredients such as zinc oxide, calcium lignosulfonate, and derivatives of adipic acid. While retarders can help in preventing the concrete from setting too quickly in hot temperatures, they may cause some loss of early strength. Therefore, careful control and more frequent slump tests are required. Additionally, retarders also reduce the expansion and contraction of concrete.

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11. In mixing concrete Water should be free from what?

Explanation

In mixing concrete, it is important for the water to be free from oil, acid, alkali, and vegetable matter. Oil can interfere with the bonding of the concrete, while acid and alkali can affect the chemical reactions and weaken the structure. Vegetable matter can introduce organic compounds that may decompose and lead to deterioration over time. Therefore, to ensure the quality and strength of the concrete, it is necessary to avoid using water contaminated with any of these substances.

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12. Are mainly used to give color to concrete floors. There are two types:  Dry-cast, broadcast or dust-on, for surface coloring. They are dusted on, usually intwo coats; after all surface water has disappeared. The surface is then finished with asteel trowel.

Explanation

Colored pigments are mainly used to give color to concrete floors. They are dusted on in two coats after all surface water has disappeared. The surface is then finished with a steel trowel. This suggests that colored pigments are the type of material used for surface coloring in concrete floors, as mentioned in the given information.

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13. Almost always applied during construction to the soil and foundation; or the use of termiteresistant building products, from drywall to floor joists treated with borates before use inhome construction.

Explanation

Pre-construction chemical barriers refer to the application of chemicals to the soil and foundation before construction begins. This is done to prevent termite infestations and protect the building from termite damage. These barriers act as a deterrent for termites, preventing them from accessing the structure. By treating the soil and foundation with termiticides, the risk of termite infestation is greatly reduced, ensuring the longevity and safety of the building.

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14. The objective is to establish a continuous termiticide barrier betweensoil access routes and the structure, either killing or repeling subterranean termites thatattempt to reach the structure. A termiticide is a type of chemical used to control termites.

Explanation

Chemical barriers are used to establish a continuous termiticide barrier between soil access routes and the structure. This barrier is meant to either kill or repel subterranean termites that try to reach the structure. Termiticides are a type of chemical specifically designed to control termites. Therefore, chemical barriers are an effective method for preventing termite infestations and protecting structures from termite damage.

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15. Trenches are dug around the foundation, termiticide applied and the trench filled back in. Chemicals may also be injected into the soil in the crawl space/basement and around the foundation.

Explanation

The correct answer is Basements and Crawl Spaces. This answer is supported by the information given in the question, which mentions that chemicals may be injected into the soil in the crawl space/basement and around the foundation. This indicates that basements and crawl spaces are areas where termiticide treatment is commonly applied. Additionally, the mention of trenches being dug around the foundation suggests that termiticide may also be applied in this area, further supporting the answer choice.

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16. In storing cement bags in Piles, it should be limited to how many sacks in height

Explanation

The correct answer is 12. When storing cement bags in piles, it is important to limit the height to avoid any potential safety hazards or instability. By limiting the height to 12 sacks, the weight and pressure on the lower sacks can be evenly distributed, reducing the risk of collapse or damage to the bags. This ensures a stable and secure storage arrangement for the cement bags.

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17. _______ are substances added to cements, mortars, concrete for the purpose of improving or imparting particular properties

Explanation

Addmixture refers to substances that are added to cements, mortars, and concrete to enhance or impart specific properties. These substances are used to improve the workability, durability, strength, or other characteristics of the material. Plasticizer is a type of addmixture that increases the plasticity or flowability of the concrete. Retarder is another type of addmixture that slows down the setting time of the concrete.

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18. Three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems ranging from 100mm to200mm high. The geocell systems are collapsed for delivery to the site, spread open andfilled to form a three-dimensional reinforced mattress upon arrival at a site. Originallydeveloped to rapidly stabilize soft subgrades for mobilization of large equipment, they are nowfrequently used for protection and stabilization of steep slope surfaces and protective liningsfor channels.

Explanation

Geocells are three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems that can range from 100mm to 200mm high. These systems are collapsed for delivery to the site and then spread open and filled to form a three-dimensional reinforced mattress. They were originally developed to quickly stabilize soft subgrades for the mobilization of large equipment. However, they are now commonly used for the protection and stabilization of steep slope surfaces and as protective linings for channels. Therefore, geocells are the correct answer in this context.

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19. Construction materials consisting of synthetic components made for use with or within earth materials generally

Explanation

Geosynthetics are construction materials made of synthetic components that are used with or within earth materials. They are designed to enhance the performance and durability of earth structures such as roads, slopes, and retaining walls. Geosynthetics can include materials like geotextiles, geogrids, and geomembranes, which are used to provide reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and erosion control. They are widely used in civil engineering and geotechnical applications to improve the strength and stability of soil and rock masses.

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20. Asphaltic concrete prepared with a relatively light and slow-curing asphalt, placed over a prepared surface withoutheat; hardens to a state that is less firm and durable than hot-mix asphaltic concrete

Explanation

Cold mix asphalt or asphaltic concrete is the correct answer because it is prepared with a relatively light and slow-curing asphalt, placed over a prepared surface without heat. It hardens to a state that is less firm and durable than hot-mix asphaltic concrete. This type of asphalt is commonly used for temporary repairs, patching potholes, and low-volume roadways. It does not require heating during the mixing and laying process, making it more convenient and cost-effective for certain applications.

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21. When cement is mixed with water and a fine aggregate or less than 6mm (¼“), it is known as

Explanation

When cement is mixed with water and a fine aggregate or less than 6mm (¼“), it is known as mortar, stucco or cement plaster. Mortar is a mixture used in construction for binding bricks, stones, or other materials together. Stucco is a plastering material used for coating walls and ceilings. Cement plaster is a type of plaster made from cement, sand, and water, commonly used for finishing interior and exterior walls. All three terms refer to mixtures involving cement, water, and a fine aggregate, making them the correct answer choices.

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22. In arbitrary proportion, the proportion of concrete For slabs, beams, columns, arches, stairs, walls of 100mm (4”) thickness

Explanation

The given answer of Class "A" 1 : 2 : 4 suggests that for slabs, beams, columns, arches, stairs, and walls of 100mm (4") thickness, the proportion of concrete should be 1 part cement, 2 parts sand, and 4 parts aggregate. This means that for every unit of cement, there should be 2 units of sand and 4 units of aggregate in the concrete mixture. This proportion is suitable for achieving the desired strength and durability of the concrete structure.

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23. Are manufactured from such ingredients as rosin, beef tallow,stereates, foaming agents (soap). They introduce minute air bubbles throughout theconcrete which greatly increases the resistance of concrete to freezing and thawing,increases plasticity and reduces bleeding. Addition of air-entraining admixtures is usuallyin the protection of 3 to 6% of the volume of concrete. These require careful control andmore frequent slump tests. They may also cause some loss of strength.

Explanation

Air-entraining agents are added to concrete to introduce minute air bubbles throughout the mixture. This helps to increase the resistance of the concrete to freezing and thawing, improve plasticity, and reduce bleeding. The addition of these agents is typically done in a proportion of 3 to 6% of the volume of concrete. However, their use requires careful control and more frequent slump tests. It is important to note that while air-entraining agents offer these benefits, they may also cause some loss of strength in the concrete.

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24. Is defined as the Liquid Limit minus the Plastic Limit: LL – PL = PI, that is the range of water content over which sediment behaves.

Explanation

The Plasticity Index (PI) is the correct answer because it is defined as the difference between the Liquid Limit (LL) and the Plastic Limit (PL). The PI represents the range of water content over which sediment behaves. It is an important measure in geotechnical engineering as it indicates the plasticity and compressibility of soil. A higher PI value indicates a higher clay content and greater potential for settlement and deformation. Conversely, a lower PI value indicates a higher sand or silt content and less potential for deformation.

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25. Division 3 of Materials Specification

Explanation

The given answer "Concrete" is the correct answer because the question is asking for the division of materials specification, and out of the options provided (Concrete, Masonry, General notes, Site works), "Concrete" is the only option that falls under the category of materials specification. The other options are either specific types of construction materials (Masonry) or general categories that may or may not include materials (General notes, Site works).

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26. (an aggregate larger than ¼” in size”) consists of crushed stones,gravel or other inert materials of similar characteristics.

Explanation

Course aggregates are larger than ¼" in size and are made up of crushed stones, gravel, or other inert materials with similar characteristics. This means that they are used for applications that require a stronger and more durable material, such as in the construction of roads, highways, and concrete structures. They provide stability and strength to the overall structure and are not easily affected by weathering or erosion. Therefore, course aggregates are the correct answer in this context.

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27. Involves drilling through the slab floor and injecting termiticides into the soil atregular intervals.

Explanation

Slab treatment involves drilling through the slab floor and injecting termiticides into the soil at regular intervals. This method is commonly used in basements and crawl spaces to create vertical barriers against termites. By injecting termiticides into the soil, the treatment effectively creates a barrier that prevents termites from entering the structure through the slab. This method is considered effective in preventing termite infestations and protecting the structure from potential damage caused by termites.

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28. In materials specification, what is devision 2

Explanation

Division 2 in materials specification refers to Site works. This division includes all the activities and materials required for the preparation and development of the construction site. It involves tasks such as site clearing, excavation, grading, drainage, and landscaping. This division ensures that the site is properly prepared and ready for the construction process to begin.

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29. Utilizes bauxite, the ore from which aluminum is made, as the major raw material. It is called aquick-setting cement and its advantage is that after setting for 24 hours, alumina cementattains a compressive strength equal to the strength developed in ordinary cement only at anage of 28 days. The quick hardening produces considerable heat advantageous in coldweather construction.

Explanation

Alumina cement is the correct answer because the passage states that it utilizes bauxite, the ore from which aluminum is made, as the major raw material. Additionally, it is referred to as a quick-setting cement and has the advantage of attaining a compressive strength equal to ordinary cement after only 24 hours, compared to the 28 days needed for ordinary cement. The quick hardening of alumina cement also produces heat, which is beneficial for construction in cold weather.

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30. In reinforced-concrete work or in structures exposed to the elements, ______ cement is invariably employed because of its uniform quality and the high strength which it rapidly acquires.

Explanation

In reinforced-concrete work or in structures exposed to the elements, Portland cement is invariably employed because of its uniform quality and the high strength which it rapidly acquires. Portland cement is a type of hydraulic cement that is widely used in construction due to its ability to harden under water and form a strong bond with other materials. It is known for its consistent quality and quick setting time, making it suitable for various applications where durability and strength are required.

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31. Which of the following is a addmixture that will impart water-repellant or water-proofing qualities

Explanation

Kaoline is a type of clay that is often used as an additive in various industries, including construction. It has water-repellent properties, which means it can help to make materials or surfaces more resistant to water penetration. This makes it a suitable choice for imparting water-repellent or waterproofing qualities to products such as paints, coatings, and sealants. Calcium chloride and Metali chrome, on the other hand, do not possess these water-repellent properties, making them incorrect choices for this question.

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32. EApplying one gallon of termiticide per 10 square feet, usually by coarse spray at lowpressure. All termite treatments to slab construction should include horizontal barriers,which are relatively easy to apply.

Explanation

Horizontal barriers are recommended for termite treatments in slab construction because they are relatively easy to apply. These barriers involve applying one gallon of termiticide per 10 square feet, usually by coarse spray at low pressure. By creating a barrier at ground level, horizontal barriers help prevent termites from entering the structure through the slab. This method is effective in deterring termites and can be easily implemented during the construction process.

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33. Conncrete without reinforcement is called 

Explanation

Mass concrete refers to concrete that is used in large structural elements where the heat generated during curing can cause thermal cracking. It is typically used in dams, bridges, and other massive structures. Unlike reinforced concrete, which contains steel reinforcement to provide tensile strength, mass concrete relies solely on its own compressive strength to withstand loads. Therefore, the correct answer is mass concrete.

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34. Used for measuring the consistency of a concrete mix, defined as the “state offluidity of the mix”, and it includes the entire range of fluidity from the wettest to the dries possible mixtures.

Explanation

The correct answer is "slump test". The slump test is used to measure the consistency of a concrete mix by determining its fluidity. It assesses the "state of fluidity" of the mixture, ranging from the wettest to the driest possible mixtures. The slump test involves filling a slump cone with the concrete mix, compacting it, and then removing the cone to observe the slump or settlement of the concrete. This test helps ensure that the concrete mix has the desired workability and can be properly placed and compacted.

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35. The delivery from the mixer to the forms should be fairly continuous and uninterrupted,not exceeding_____ minutes.

Explanation

The delivery from the mixer to the forms should be fairly continuous and uninterrupted. This means that there should not be any significant breaks or pauses in the delivery process. The maximum time allowed for the delivery should not exceed 30 minutes. This ensures that the concrete remains in a workable state and does not start to set before it is poured into the forms. Any delays beyond this time limit may result in poor quality concrete and compromised structural integrity.

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36. A layer of sand with uniform sizeparticles, area must be large enough toprevent the termite from moving throughit or prevents its use in "tunnel" construction.

Explanation

Termite Resistant Sand is the correct answer because it forms a layer of sand with uniform-sized particles that acts as a barrier against termites. The sand particles are large enough to prevent termites from moving through it or using it for tunnel construction. This sand acts as a deterrent and helps protect against termite infestation.

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37. The most common geosynthetics, consist of woven or nonwoven fabric made from polymeric materials such as polyester or polypropylene

Explanation

Geotextiles are the most common type of geosynthetics, which are materials used in civil engineering projects to improve soil stability and prevent erosion. Geotextiles are typically made from polyester or polypropylene and can be either woven or nonwoven fabric. They are used for various applications such as filtration, drainage, separation, and reinforcement. Geocomposites and geomembranes are also types of geosynthetics, but they are not as commonly used as geotextiles.

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38. The moisture content at which a soil changes from the liquid state to theplastic state, measured when soil in a shallow dish flows to close a 12.5 mm groove after25 drops from 1 cm.

Explanation

The liquid limit (LL) is the moisture content at which a soil transitions from a liquid state to a plastic state. This transition is measured by determining the point at which soil in a shallow dish flows to close a 12.5 mm groove after 25 drops from 1 cm. The liquid limit is an important property of soil that helps determine its behavior and engineering characteristics.

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39. Are tests performed on soils passing the No.40 sieve

Explanation

The Atterberg limits are a set of tests used to determine the consistency and plasticity of soils. These tests include the Plastic Limit (PL) and Liquid Limit (LL), which are used to calculate the Plasticity Index (PI). The Plastic Limit (PL) is the moisture content at which a soil transitions from a plastic to a semi-solid state, while the Liquid Limit (LL) is the moisture content at which a soil transitions from a liquid to a plastic state. These tests are important in assessing the behavior and suitability of soils for various engineering applications.

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40. A dark brown to black cementitious material, solid or semisolid,composed of bitumens which occur in nature but are obtainedartificially in refining petroleum, and which when mixed with graded aggregates is used as paving material by placing, shaping, and compactingwhile hot over a prepared base.

Explanation

The correct answer is "HOT MIX ASPHALT or ASPHALTIC CONCRETE" because it accurately describes the dark brown to black cementitious material made from bitumens obtained in petroleum refining. This material is mixed with graded aggregates and used for paving by placing, shaping, and compacting while hot over a prepared base.

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41. The proportioned mixture of cement, aggregate and water, which when properly proportioned, is at first a plastic mass which can be cast or molded into predetermined size or shape

Explanation

Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates, and water that, when properly proportioned, forms a plastic mass. This plastic mass can be cast or molded into a predetermined size or shape. Cement is the binding agent that holds the mixture together, while aggregates provide strength and stability. Water is added to the mixture to initiate the chemical reaction that causes the cement to harden and form a solid structure. Therefore, the correct answer is concrete.

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42. When a large aggregate of more than 6mm (¼”) in size is added to cement,water and fine aggregate, the product is 

Explanation

When a large aggregate of more than 6mm (¼”) in size is added to cement, water, and fine aggregate, the resulting product is concrete. Concrete is a composite material made up of cement, water, and aggregates such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone. The addition of large aggregates gives concrete its strength and durability, making it suitable for various construction applications. Mortar, stucco, and cement plaster are also made with cement and water but do not contain large aggregates like concrete. Clay and grouts are different materials altogether and do not fit the given description.

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43. Tcontinuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable; the most frequently used for ground applications and pond lining are thermoplastic products manufactured from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Explanation

Geomembranes are continuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable, making them suitable for applications such as ground lining and pond lining. They are commonly made from thermoplastic materials like HDPE and PVC. Geomembranes are different from geotextiles and geocomposites, which serve different purposes in geotechnical engineering.

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44. Inert mineral fillers used with cement water in making concrete, should be particles that aredurable strong, clean, hard and uncoated, and which are free from injurious amount of dusts,lumps, soft and flaky particles, shale, alkali, organic matter loam or other deleterioussubstances

Explanation

Aggregates are the correct answer because they fulfill all the requirements mentioned in the question. They are durable, strong, clean, hard, and uncoated. They are also free from dust, lumps, soft and flaky particles, shale, alkali, organic matter, loam, or any other harmful substances. Aggregates are commonly used in concrete to provide strength and stability to the mixture.

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45. The use of beach sand or lahar shall be _______ in making concrete

Explanation

Beach sand or lahar should be prohibited from being used in making concrete. This is likely because beach sand may contain salt, which can cause corrosion and weaken the concrete structure over time. Similarly, lahar, which is volcanic mudflow, may contain excessive amounts of silt and clay particles, affecting the strength and durability of the concrete. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using these materials in concrete production to ensure the quality and longevity of the concrete.

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46. Consist of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs, forming void space throughwhich provide in-plane flow capacity; available with or without bonded geotextile filters.Geonets with bonded geotextile filters are sometimes called composite drainage nets (CDNs).

Explanation

Geonets are a type of drainage material that consist of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs. These ribs create void spaces that allow for in-plane flow capacity. Geonets can be used with or without bonded geotextile filters. When geonets are combined with geotextile filters, they are referred to as composite drainage nets (CDNs). Geonets are commonly used in various applications such as drainage systems, landfill liners, and erosion control.

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47. Type of cement made of lime mortar and pozzolanic material. Various natural materialscontain active silica, among them pozzolan (volcanic ash), granulated slag and pumice. Slagcement is a ___________ cement.

Explanation

Pozzolanic cement is a type of cement that is made by combining lime mortar with a pozzolanic material, such as volcanic ash, granulated slag, or pumice. These materials contain active silica, which reacts with lime to form cementitious compounds. Pozzolanic cement is commonly used in masonry applications due to its ability to improve workability and durability of mortar. It is different from other types of cement like masonry cements, alumina cements, and natural cements, which have different compositions and properties.

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48. Are manu-factured from stearic acid orts compounds, mainly calcium steareate, and include asphalt emulsions. They are introduced usually in the amounts of 0.1 to 4.0% of the weight of cement. it wills reduce the capillary attraction of the voids in the concrete ormortar and while it may decrease water absorption of the concrete or mortar, it does notrender concrete waterproof.

Explanation

Waterproofing compounds are used in concrete or mortar to reduce the capillary attraction of voids and decrease water absorption. However, they do not make the concrete or mortar completely waterproof. These compounds are typically manufactured from stearic acid orts compounds, such as calcium steareate, and can include asphalt emulsions. They are added in small amounts, usually ranging from 0.1 to 4.0% of the weight of cement, to provide some level of water resistance to the concrete or mortar.

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49. A combination of geosynthetic components, usually sheet or edge drainsconsisting of a prefabricated core to which a geotextile filter is bonded. The core provides void space to which water can flow in-plane while the geotextile filter keeps soil from filling the voids created by the core.

Explanation

Geocomposites are a combination of geosynthetic components that consist of a prefabricated core bonded with a geotextile filter. The core allows water to flow through it, while the geotextile filter prevents soil from filling the voids created by the core. This combination of components makes geocomposites effective in drainage applications, as they allow water to pass through while keeping the soil in place. Geomembranes and geotextiles, on the other hand, do not have the same combination of components and characteristics as geocomposites.

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50.  (also called stainless cement because it is free of iron impurities which stain porous marbles, some granites and limestone and other light-colored stones)

Explanation

White cement is the correct answer because it is free of iron impurities that can stain porous marbles, granites, limestone, and other light-colored stones. This type of cement is commonly used in applications where aesthetics and color consistency are important, such as in architectural designs or decorative elements. Unlike brown, grey, or aluminum cement, white cement provides a clean and uniform appearance, making it suitable for projects that require a lighter color palette.

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51. One of the oldest manufactured building materials used as a mortar and plaster by early civilizations.

Explanation

Lime is one of the oldest manufactured building materials that was used as a mortar and plaster by early civilizations. It has been used for centuries due to its adhesive and binding properties, making it an effective material for construction purposes. Lime is made by heating limestone, which causes it to release carbon dioxide and leave behind calcium oxide. This calcium oxide, or quicklime, is then mixed with water to create a paste that hardens over time through a process called carbonation. The resulting lime mortar and plaster have been used in various ancient structures, showcasing the durability and effectiveness of lime as a building material.

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52. For reinforced concrete work, coarse aggregate should be well graded in size, from¼” up to a size which will readily pass between all reinforcing bars and betweenreinforcement and forms but not exceed __ in size for reinforced beams, floor slabs,thin walls, etc., and may range up to ___ for less highly reinforced parts of thestructures such as footings, thick  /1/walls, and massive work.

Explanation

For reinforced concrete work, the coarse aggregate should be well graded in size, ranging from ¼" up to a size that can easily pass between all reinforcing bars and between the reinforcement and forms. However, the size should not exceed 1" for reinforced beams, floor slabs, thin walls, etc. For less highly reinforced parts of the structure such as footings, thick walls, and massive work, the size may range up to 2".

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53. Soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raisean existing grade, or as a man-made-deposit, generallyused under spread footings, pavers, or concrete slabs ongrade.

Explanation

The correct answer is "FILL MATERIALS" because the given explanation mentions that soil, crushed stone, and sand are used to raise an existing grade or as a man-made deposit. These materials are commonly used as fill materials to level or raise the ground before constructing spread footings, pavers, or concrete slabs on grade.

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54. Cements made of natural raw materials found mixed in the correct proportions, needing onlygrinding and burning in a kiln to produce a cement. Their use today has largely been replacedby Portland cement. Natural cements sets more rapidly than Portland cement and are slowerin developing strength.

Explanation

Natural cements are made from natural raw materials that are found mixed in the correct proportions. They only require grinding and burning in a kiln to produce cement. However, their use has been largely replaced by Portland cement. Natural cements have the advantage of setting more rapidly than Portland cement but are slower in developing strength. This suggests that natural cements may be useful in applications where quick setting is desired, but may not be as strong as Portland cement in the long term.

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55. In placing concrete which is not appropriate

Explanation

The correct answer states that concrete should drop freely over 5 ft. for unexposed work and over 3 ft. for exposed work. This means that when placing concrete, it should be poured from a height of at least 5 ft. for areas that will not be visible, and at least 3 ft. for areas that will be visible. This ensures that the concrete is properly distributed and allows for proper compaction, reducing the risk of voids or weak spots in the finished structure.

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56. Oclassifies Inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials in terms of good drainage and bearing capacity.

Explanation

The AASHTO Soil Classification System is used to classify inorganic soils based on their suitability as subgrade materials in terms of good drainage and bearing capacity. This system provides a standardized method for categorizing soils based on their physical properties such as grain size and plasticity. By using this classification system, engineers and construction professionals can determine the appropriate use of different types of soils in road construction and other infrastructure projects.

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57. ________ cement is obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining to incipient fusion an intimate and proportioned mixture of argillaceous (silica, alumina) and calcareous (lime) materials with iron oxide and small amounts of other ingredients. Gypsum is added in the final grinding process to regulate the setting time of the cement.

Explanation

Portland cement is obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by calcining an intimate and proportioned mixture of argillaceous and calcareous materials with iron oxide and small amounts of other ingredients. Gypsum is added in the final grinding process to regulate the setting time of the cement.

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58. Are hard durable fragments of stone and a filler of sand or othrfinely divided mineral matter, free from vegetable matter and lumps of clay, complying with the following AASHTO METHODS T-11 and T-26 Grading Requirements

Explanation

The given answer "Base Course Materials" is the correct answer because the statement mentions that the materials should comply with AASHTO METHODS T-11 and T-26 Grading Requirements. Base course materials are typically used in road construction and are required to have specific grading and durability properties.

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59. Which of the following is a addmixture that will accelerate setting or hardening

Explanation

Calcium chloride is a commonly used admixture in concrete and cement mixes to accelerate the setting or hardening process. It acts as a catalyst, speeding up the chemical reactions that occur during hydration, resulting in faster setting and increased strength development. This can be beneficial in situations where quick setting or early strength gain is desired, such as in cold weather conditions or when rapid construction is required. Kaoline, Celite, and Colorcon are not known for their ability to accelerate setting or hardening processes.

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60. The process of mixing quicklime with water during which water is absorbed and heat isenergetically evolved, driving off much of the excess water in the form of steam.

Explanation

Slaking refers to the process of mixing quicklime with water, where the water is absorbed and heat is energetically evolved. This process drives off excess water in the form of steam. Therefore, slaking is the correct answer as it accurately describes the given process.

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61. Which of the following are added to concrete to improve workability

Explanation

Hydrated lime is added to concrete to improve workability. It acts as a plasticizer and helps in reducing the water content required for the mix, thus increasing the strength and durability of the concrete. It also improves the cohesion and flowability of the mix, making it easier to work with and shape. Additionally, hydrated lime enhances the bond between the cement and aggregates, resulting in a more homogeneous and uniform concrete mixture.

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62. Physical barrier thatprevents termites from accessing thewood in a home. There are a variety ofmethods.

Explanation

Physical barriers are a type of termite prevention method that physically blocks termites from accessing the wood in a home. These barriers can be made from materials such as metal, concrete, or sand, and are installed around the perimeter of the building or under the foundation. By creating a physical barrier, termites are unable to penetrate the barrier and reach the wood, thus preventing infestation and damage.

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63. Cement shall be Portland cement, conforming to the Standard Specifications forPortland Cement (ASTM Designation__________ latest revision) for type 1 Portland Cement.

Explanation

The correct answer is C-150 because it conforms to the Standard Specifications for Portland Cement for type 1 Portland Cement. This means that the cement used should meet the standards set by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) for type 1 Portland Cement, which is the most common type of cement used in construction.

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64. Esoil materials conforming to above General Fill requirements and to ASTM C 33, size 67, with a sand equivalent of not < than 50%, used to prevent the movement of fine particles out of soils and other natural materials through seepage.

Explanation

The given passage mentions the use of "esoil materials conforming to above General Fill requirements and to ASTM C 33, size 67, with a sand equivalent of not

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65. ___________rock is ground fine and heated (calcined) to between 325 °F. to 340 °F. when it loses about three-fourths of its combined water. The remaining product is Plaster of Paris, if pure gypsum is used, or hard wall plaster if 39.5 % impurities are present.

Explanation

Gypsum rock is ground fine and heated to a specific temperature range, causing it to lose about three-fourths of its combined water. The resulting product is either Plaster of Paris if pure gypsum is used, or hard wall plaster if there are impurities present. This process is used to create these specific types of plaster materials.

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66. In arbitrary proportion, the proportion of concrete For walls thicker than 100mm (4”), footings, steps, reinforced concrete slabs on fill.

Explanation

The correct answer for this question is Class "B" 1 : 2.5 : 5. This means that for walls thicker than 100mm (4"), footings, steps, and reinforced concrete slabs on fill, the proportion of concrete should be 1 part cement, 2.5 parts sand, and 5 parts aggregate. This ratio is commonly used in construction to achieve a balance between strength and workability of the concrete mixture.

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67. Applied by rodding or trenching around the base of foundations,plumbing, utility entrances, expansion joints, and where twoslabs will join, applying 4 gallons of termiticide per 10 linearfeet; each foot of depth should receive 4 gallons per 10 linearfeet; for trenches no wider than 6 inches, apply termiticide tothe trench, and mix with backfill. Hollow block voids offoundations should also be treated with 4 gallons of termiticideper 10 linear feet.

Explanation

Vertical barriers are applied by rodding or trenching around the base of foundations, plumbing, utility entrances, expansion joints, and where two slabs will join. The application involves applying 4 gallons of termiticide per 10 linear feet, with each foot of depth also receiving 4 gallons per 10 linear feet. Additionally, hollow block voids off foundations should be treated with 4 gallons of termiticide per 10 linear feet. Therefore, the correct answer is vertical barriers.

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68. Ncrthe water content at which a silt or clay material will just begin to crumble when rolled into a tread approx 3.2mm (1/8 inch) in diameter.

Explanation

The plastic limit (PL) is the water content at which a silt or clay material will just begin to crumble when rolled into a tread approximately 3.2mm (1/8 inch) in diameter. This means that if the water content of the material is below the plastic limit, it will not crumble when rolled into a tread, indicating that it is too dry. If the water content is above the plastic limit, the material will be too wet and will not crumble when rolled into a tread either. Therefore, the plastic limit represents the boundary between the dry and wet states of the material.

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69. The Romans were the first to develop cement made by mixing slaked lime with pozzolana (volcanic ash) which hardened under the water, but lost the art with the fall of the Roman Empire. In 1756,Smeaton, an Englishman, rediscovered hydraulic cement, but it was not until 1824 that Aspdin, an English bricklayer and mason, invented and patented Portland cement. Today, the word “cement” generally refers to Portland cement which is principal type of cement in use.

Explanation

The Romans were the first to develop cement made by mixing slaked lime with pozzolana (volcanic ash) which hardened under water. However, they lost this knowledge after the fall of the Roman Empire. In 1756, an Englishman named Smeaton rediscovered hydraulic cement. It was not until 1824 that Aspdin, an English bricklayer and mason, invented and patented Portland cement. Today, the term "cement" generally refers to Portland cement, which is the principal type of cement in use.

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70. Which of the following is a addmixture that will impart color

Explanation

Metalichrome is the correct answer because it is an admixture that is specifically designed to impart color to concrete. It is commonly used in the construction industry to add vibrant and long-lasting colors to concrete surfaces. Metalichrome is available in various shades and can be easily mixed with concrete to achieve the desired color effect. Unlike the other options listed, Metalichrome is specifically formulated to provide color, making it the correct choice in this context.

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71. Soil materials suitable as fill or subgrade, selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders or other similar materials with not more than 35% fraction passing the No. 200 sieve.

Explanation

The given answer, "Borrow Fill," is the correct answer because it refers to soil materials that are suitable for use as fill or subgrade. These materials can include selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel, disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders, or other similar materials. The specification of not more than 35% fraction passing the No. 200 sieve indicates that the material should have a certain level of coarseness, making it suitable for filling purposes. Therefore, "Borrow Fill" accurately describes the type of soil material mentioned in the given statement.

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72. A common specification for grading fine aggregate requires that ___ to____ shall pass a No. 4 wire cloth sieve and not more than 30% nor less than 10%shall pass a No. 50 sieve.

Explanation

A common specification for grading fine aggregate requires that the percentage of material passing through a No. 4 wire cloth sieve should be between 10% and 30%. Therefore, the correct answer of 80-95% is not within the specified range and is incorrect.

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73. In mixing concrete, it is a kins of water that is not prohibited in mixing concrete

Explanation

Sea or brackish water is not prohibited in mixing concrete because it can be used as a source of water in certain construction projects. While clean water is the most commonly used type of water for mixing concrete, sea or brackish water can be used in coastal areas or regions where clean water is scarce. However, it is important to note that the high salt content in sea or brackish water can have potential negative effects on the durability and strength of the concrete, so proper precautions and testing should be done before using it.

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74. Is the oldest, the most commonly used the most convenient and the least scientific method or proportioning the concrete mix

Explanation

The correct answer is "arbitrary proportions". This means that the concrete mix is not measured or proportioned based on any specific scientific calculations or standards. Instead, the proportions of the ingredients are determined based on personal judgment or experience. This method may be convenient and commonly used, but it is not scientifically accurate or precise.

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75. Cement should be properly protected after delivery at the building site from injury through contact with __________; stored in shed with a wood floor raised about 12” from the ground

Explanation

Cement should be properly protected after delivery at the building site from injury through contact with dampness. Dampness can cause the cement to become wet and lose its strength, resulting in a weakened structure. Storing the cement in a shed with a wood floor raised about 12" from the ground helps to prevent moisture from seeping into the cement and ensures its quality is maintained.

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76. The hardening of concrete is called

Explanation

Setting is the correct answer because it refers to the process of hardening or solidifying of concrete after it has been mixed with water. During setting, the concrete undergoes a chemical reaction known as hydration, where the water reacts with the cement particles to form a solid mass. This process gives the concrete its strength and durability. Batching refers to the process of measuring and combining the ingredients of concrete, while curing is the process of maintaining the moisture and temperature conditions to allow for proper hydration and strength development. Forming refers to the process of creating the desired shape or structure using molds or formwork.

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77. Are prepared mixtures of Portland cement with hydrated lime, granulated slag, silica, etc.Small additions of calcium stereate, petroleum, colloidal clays and other admixtures with theingredients and proportions varying widely and usually patented

Explanation

Masonry cements are prepared mixtures of Portland cement with hydrated lime, granulated slag, silica, etc. They may also contain small additions of calcium stereate, petroleum, colloidal clays, and other admixtures. The ingredients and proportions of masonry cements can vary widely and are often patented. Masonry cements are commonly used in construction for laying bricks, blocks, and stones.

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78. Compared with broken stone concrete, _________is usually somewhat more fluid and easier to place, though it may have a little less crushing strength.

Explanation

Gravel concrete is usually somewhat more fluid and easier to place compared to broken stone concrete. Although it may have a little less crushing strength, the use of gravel as a coarse aggregate allows for better workability and placement of the concrete mixture.

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79. Which of the following materials is commonly used as a thermal insulator in building construction?

Explanation

Fiberglass is a common thermal insulator used in building construction due to its low thermal conductivity, which helps to reduce heat transfer between the interior and exterior of a building. It is used in walls, roofs, and floors to improve energy efficiency and maintain comfortable indoor temperatures.

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80. Like lime, was used as a plaster by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans

Explanation

Gypsum was used as a plaster by the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. It was a popular choice for its ability to harden quickly and create a durable surface. Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral that can be easily ground into a powder and mixed with water to form a paste. When this paste is applied to walls or ceilings, it hardens into a solid material, providing a smooth and even finish. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans recognized the benefits of gypsum and utilized it extensively in their construction projects.

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81. Gypsum plaster is rendered more plastic by the addition of _________. Fiber or hair is alsosometimes added for greater cohesiveness. The fiber may be hemp, sisal or jute; the hair is generally cleaned goat or  cattle hair.

Explanation

Hydrated lime is added to gypsum plaster to make it more plastic. This means that hydrated lime improves the workability and flexibility of the plaster, making it easier to shape and mold. The addition of hydrated lime also enhances the cohesiveness of the plaster, allowing it to adhere better to surfaces. The use of fiber or hair, such as hemp, sisal, or jute, further increases the cohesiveness of the plaster. The hair, typically from goats or cattle, is cleaned before being added to the plaster.

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82. _____________ and ________ cements are not used except in unexposed structures where mass and weight rather than strength are essential features.

Explanation

Natural and slag cements are not used except in unexposed structures where mass and weight rather than strength are essential features. This means that these types of cements are not suitable for structures that require high strength, but they can be used in structures where the main concern is the mass and weight of the materials used.

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83. ___________ sands are the best, though sands from any durable rock are good. A good sand is well graded from fine to coarse has a minimum of voids, and has a relatively coarseappearance.

Explanation

Siliceous quartz sands are the best choice because they are durable and well-graded from fine to coarse. They also have a relatively coarse appearance and a minimum of voids. Alumina quartz sands and alumina silicate sands may also be good options, but the question specifically states that siliceous quartz sands are the best. Fine silver sand is not mentioned as a suitable option in the given information.

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The objective is to continuously attract the termite workers to forage...
Used to speed up setting time and to develop earlier strength to...
\Concrete strengthened by having steel embedded in its called...
When one or more courses or layers of asphalt an asphaltleveling...
Good quality concrete is obtained through:
Steel mesh product that is fine enough to keep even tiny termites from...
Formed by grading and compacting layers of crushedstone or gravel,...
Before placing concrete, this consideration must take placed.
 (an aggregate smaller than ¼” in size) consists of sand,...
Used during very hot weather to slow down the hydration of the...
In mixing concrete Water should be free from what?
Are mainly used to give color to concrete floors. There are two...
Almost always applied during construction to the soil and foundation;...
The objective is to establish a continuous termiticide barrier...
Trenches are dug around the foundation, termiticide...
In storing cement bags in Piles, it should be limited to how many...
_______ are substances added to cements, mortars, concrete for the...
Three-dimensional prefabricated polymeric systems ranging from 100mm...
Construction materials consisting of synthetic components made for use...
Asphaltic concrete prepared with a relatively light and...
When cement is mixed with water and a fine aggregate or less than 6mm...
In arbitrary proportion, the proportion of concrete For slabs, beams,...
Are manufactured from such ingredients as rosin, beef...
Is defined as the Liquid Limit minus the Plastic Limit: LL – PL =...
Division 3 of Materials Specification
(an aggregate larger than ¼” in size”) consists of crushed...
Involves drilling through the slab floor and injecting...
In materials specification, what is devision 2
Utilizes bauxite, the ore from which aluminum is made, as the major...
In reinforced-concrete work or in structures exposed to...
Which of the following is a addmixture that will impart...
EApplying one gallon of termiticide per 10 square feet, usually by...
Conncrete without reinforcement is called 
Used for measuring the consistency of a concrete mix, defined as the...
The delivery from the mixer to the forms should be fairly continuous...
A layer of sand with uniform sizeparticles, area must be large enough...
The most common geosynthetics, consist of woven or nonwoven...
The moisture content at which a soil changes from the liquid state to...
Are tests performed on soils passing the No.40 sieve
A dark brown to black cementitious material, solid or...
The proportioned mixture of cement, aggregate and water, which when...
When a large aggregate of more than 6mm (¼”) in size is added to...
Tcontinuous polymeric sheets that are impermeable; the most...
Inert mineral fillers used with cement water in making concrete,...
The use of beach sand or lahar shall be _______ in making concrete
Consist of a continuous extrusion of polymeric ribs, forming void...
Type of cement made of lime mortar and pozzolanic material. Various...
Are manu-factured from stearic acid orts compounds, mainly calcium...
A combination of geosynthetic components, usually sheet or edge...
 (also called stainless cement because it is free of iron...
One of the oldest manufactured building materials used as a mortar and...
For reinforced concrete work, coarse aggregate should be well graded...
Soil, crushed stone, and sand used to raisean existing grade, or as a...
Cements made of natural raw materials found mixed in the correct...
In placing concrete which is not appropriate
Oclassifies Inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials...
________ cement is obtained by finely pulverizing clinker produced by...
Are hard durable fragments of stone and a filler of sand or othrfinely...
Which of the following is a addmixture that will accelerate setting or...
The process of mixing quicklime with water during which water is...
Which of the following are added to concrete to improve workability
Physical barrier thatprevents termites from accessing thewood in a...
Cement shall be Portland cement, conforming to the Standard...
Esoil materials conforming to above General Fill...
___________rock is ground fine and heated (calcined) to between...
In arbitrary proportion, the proportion of concrete For walls...
Applied by rodding or trenching around the base of...
Ncrthe water content at which a silt or clay material will just begin...
The Romans were the first to develop cement made by mixing slaked lime...
Which of the following is a addmixture that will impart color
Soil materials suitable as fill or subgrade, selected...
A common specification for grading fine aggregate requires that ___...
In mixing concrete, it is a kins of water that is not prohibited in...
Is the oldest, the most commonly used the most convenient and the...
Cement should be properly protected after delivery at the building...
The hardening of concrete is called
Are prepared mixtures of Portland cement with hydrated lime,...
Compared with broken stone concrete, _________is usually somewhat...
Which of the following materials is commonly used as a thermal...
Like lime, was used as a plaster by the Egyptians, Greeks and Romans
Gypsum plaster is rendered more plastic by the addition of _________....
_____________ and ________ cements are not used except in unexposed...
___________ sands are the best, though sands from any durable...
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