Building Systems 3 Final Review

Shading devices made of a combination overhangs and vertical fins are called

What are natural shading devices

Designing tighter building envelopes in the 1970's helped conserve energy but also resulted in decreased air leakagfe leading to indoor air quality concerns and the syndrome known as

Wall U-factors are somewhat complicated by framing members interrupting insulation. This is known as

In an effort to increase the resistance of double-glazing, manufacturers tried increasing the air thickness between panes. they discovered that thermal resistance increases slightly as the layer is thickened to about ________ in. and then stops to increase with further increase in air thickness because ____________.  separate answer by comma

The difference in temperature through a cross-section of a construction assembly is known as

The initials HDDs stand for

The initials CDDs stand for

Name a form of insulation

In the Imperial System, airflow rate is measured generally using this unit

What does VOC stand for

The altitude of the sun is highest in

• Summer

• Winter

• Spring

• Fall

A key design strategy for passive cooling and to reduce cooling loads on active HVAC systems is

• To shade windows from solar heat gain

• To shade windows from solar heat lose

• To open windows to solar heat gain

Thermal classification of materials can be placed into 2 types

• Insulators and conductors

• Insulators and exsulators

• Conductors and envelopes

Heat flows are of 2 types

• Sensible and latent heat

• Sensible and low heat

• Latent and stupid heat

What does IAQ stand for

• Indoor adhesive quality

• Indoor air quality

• Interior air quality

• Interior air quantity

Some symptoms of irritants

• Burning of eyes, sneezing, coughing, dry nose and throat, sore throat and tightening of the chest

• Shining of eyes, sneezing, coughing, dry nose and throat, sore throat and tightening of the chest

• Burning of eyes, sneezing, laughing, dry nose and throat, sore throat and tightening of the chest

• Burning of eyes, sneezing, need to use bathroom, excessive gas, sore throat and tightening of the chest

What toxic particulate substance was used up until the 1970's

• Plastic

• Asbestos

• Hair insulation

• Carbon fiber

Heat flows from areas of

• Greater concentration to areas of less concentration

• Less concentration to areas of greater concentration

• Greater concentration to areas of equal concentration

New and newly renovated buildings are prone to problems from outgassing of

• Paints

• Adhesive and sealants

• Carpeting and vinyl wall coverings

• All of the previous

Radon when inhaled can cause

• Kidney failure

• Lung cancer

• Gum diseases

Envelope-dominated buildings have a

• Large surface-to-volume ratio

• Small surface-to-volume ratio

• Large internal heat gains

Irritants are often imperceptible at first but cause increasing distress

• Over time

• In a day

• In an hour

• Over months

• Over years

For _______ -facing windows, in the summer and due to high sun altitude the most effective shading device is the horizontal overhang.

• North

• South

• East

• West

Symptoms associated with poor indoor air quality are often

• Headaches

• Irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory system

• All of the previous

The altitude angle is

• The angle between the horizon and the sun's position above the horizon

• The angle along the horizon between the projected position of the sun and the solar south

• The angle between the horizon and true south

Direct solar gain through east- and west-facing windows can be a great

• Heat gain liability and can produce thermal and visual discomfort

• Heat loss liability and can produce thermal and visual pleasure

• Heat gain liability and can produce thermal and visual pleasure

• Heat loss liability and can produce thermal and visual discomfort

Sensible heat is

• Results in a change in temp

• Results in a change in moisture content of the air

• Results in a change of the heat loss of a structure

The most rational IAQ strategy is to

• Choose materials and equipment with care and isolate pollutants

• Increase outdoor air flow rates

• Provide for filtering of fresh air

For south facing windows the most effective shading device is

• The horizontal overhang

• Vertical fins

• Either a horizontal overhang or vertical fins

Biological contaminants are

• Contaminants that can biologically grow over time and cause more damage

• Contaminants that can evaporate into the air

• Contaminants that cause an odor in the air that encourages the flow of air

Sunpath projections can be used to

• Assess site conditions and orient a building

• Provide information critical for passive solar design

• Do all of the previous

The reciprocal of the thermal conductance (C) is known as

• The R-value or Thermal Resistance

• The U-factor

• The Thermal conductivity

In early design stages, it is advisable to orient spaces to face

• North or south

• East or west

• East

Latent heat is

• Results in a change in temp.

• Results in a change in moisture content of the air

• Results in a change in heat lose of a structure

Insulators are broken into 3 different groups

• Organic, inorganic, metallic(metalized)

• Organic, inorganic, steel

• Natural, inorganic, metallic(metalized)

Thermal Capacity is

• A measure of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of material by 1 degree

• An indicator of the ability of a material to store heat

• The thermal resistance of a material

Ventilation rates are calculated by

• Occupancy of a building

• Square footage of building

• Envelope type

• Both occupancy and square footage of building

Most irritants are in the form of

• Particles

• Gas

• Liquids

• Solids

• Particles or gases

From an energy point of view buildings can be divided into 2 types

• Envelope- internally- dominated

• Envelope and dominated

• Envelope- externally- dominated

A sunpeg chart

• Shows the exact position of sun penetration and shadow on a model of any scale, on any date, and at any time of the day between shortly after sunrise and shortly before sunset

• Shows the exact position of sun penetration and shadow on a model of a particular scale, on any date, and at any time of the day between shortly after sunrise and shortly before sunset.

• Shows the exact position of sun penetration and shadow on a model of any scale, in the summer only, and at any time of the day between shortly after sunrise and shortly before sunset.

Internally dominated buildings have a

• Large surface-area-to-volume ratio

• Small surface-area-to-volume ratio

• Modest internal heat gains

A layer of metal foil or aluminum foil within or on either side of the airspace can eliminate most of

• Conductive transfer

• Radiative transfer

• Convectional transfers

Estimated numbers of air changes per hour (ACH) are function of

• Construction type

• Climate

• Bother construction type and climate

Often a simple measurement is used as a first indicator of potential IAQ problems related to occupancy. This is

• A measurement of carbon dioxide (CO2)

• A measurement of radon

• A measurement of formaldehyde

The overheated period of the year is a function of

• Climate

• Building type

• Both climate and building type

The best resistor of heat flow in buildings is

• A layer of still air

• Water

• Masonry

Radon is

• A toxic gas that causes color blindness

• A random gas that brings odor and biological contaminants to the area

• A radioactive gas that decays rapidly