Block 6 Anat Abdomen BRS W Expl Prt 2

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Total Attempts: 1029

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Block 6 Anat Abdomen BRS W Expl Prt 2 - Quiz

Questions and Answers

1.

A 54-year-old man with a long history of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department with rapidly increasing abdominal distention most likely resulting from an alteration in portal systemic blood flow. Which of the following characteristics is associated with the portal vein or the portal venous system?
- A.
  
  Lower blood pressure than in the inferior vena cava
- B.
  
  Least risk of venous varices because of portal hypertension
- C.
  
  Distention of the portal vein resulting from its numerous valves
- D.
  
  Caput medusae and hemorrhoids caused by portal hypertension
- E.
  
  Less blood flow than in the hepatic artery
2.

While examining radiographs and angiograms of a 52-year-old patient, a physician is trying to distinguish the jejunum from the ileum. He has observed that the jejunum has:
- A.
  
  Fewer plicae circulares
- B.
  
  Fewer mesenteric arterial arcades
- C.
  
  Less digestion and absorption of nutrients
- D.
  
  Shorter vasa recta
- E.
  
  More fat in its mesentery
3.

A 67-year-old woman with a long history of liver cirrhosis was seen in the emergency department. In this patient with portal hypertension, which of the following veins is most likely to be dilated?
- A.
  
  Right colic vein
- B.
  
  Inferior epigastric vein
- C.
  
  Inferior phrenic vein
- D.
  
  Suprarenal vein
- E.
  
  Ovarian vein
4.

A 26-year-old patient is admitted to a local hospital with a retroperitoneal infection. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be infected?
- A.
  
  Left gastric artery
- B.
  
  Proper hepatic artery
- C.
  
  Middle colic artery
- D.
  
  Sigmoid arteries
- E.
  
  Dorsal pancreatic artery
5.

A pediatric surgeon has resected a structure that is a fibrous remnant of embryonic or fetal artery in a 5-year-old child. Which of the following structures is most likely to be divided?
- A.
  
  Lateral umbilical fold
- B.
  
  Medial umbilical told
- C.
  
  Median umbilical fold
- D.
  
  Ligamentum teres hepatis
- E.
  
  Ligamentum venosum
6.

A 57-year-old patient has a tumor in the body of the pancreas that obstructs the inferior mesenteric vein just before joining the splenic vein. Which of the following veins is most likely to be enlarged?
- A.
  
  Middle colic vein
- B.
  
  Left gastroepiploic vein
- C.
  
  Inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein
- D.
  
  Ileocolic vein
- E.
  
  Left colic vein
7.

An elderly man with prostatic hypertrophy returns to his urologist with another case of epididymitis. An acute infection involving the dartos muscle layer of the scrotum most likely leads to an enlargement of which of the following lymph nodes?
- A.
  
  Preaortic nodes
- B.
  
  Lumbar nodes
- C.
  
  External iliac nodes
- D.
  
  Superficial inguinal nodes
- E.
  
  Common iliac nodes
8.

A patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis is scheduled for liver transplant surgery. During the operation rounds, the transplant physician explains to his residents that one of the reasons a surgeon must pay close attention to the anatomic location of the liver is that this organ:
- A.
  
  Receives blood only from the hepatic arteries
- B.
  
  Manufactures red blood cells in an adult
- C.
  
  Drains bile from the quadrate lobe into the right hepatic duct
- D.
  
  Drains venous blood into the hepatic veins
- E.
  
  Functions to concentrate and store bile
9.

A 41-year-old woman is brought to the ER by her family because of acute onset of right upper quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. For this case, it important to remember that the bile duct:
- A.
  
  Drains bile into the second part of the duodenum
- B.
  
  Can be blocked by cancer in the body of the pancreas
- C.
  
  Joins the main pancreatic duct, which carries hormones
- D.
  
  Is formed by union of the right and left hepatic duct
- E.
  
  Lies posterior to the portal vein in the right free edge of the lesser omentum
10.

A patient with diverticulosis of the colon presents for follow-up to his primary care physician with ongoing complaints of left lower quadrant pain and occasionally bloody stools. His physician begins workup with appropriating test by recalling that the sigmoid colon:
- A.
  
  Is drained by systemic veins
- B.
  
  Is a retroperitoneal organ
- C.
  
  Receives parasympathetic fibers from the vagus nerve
- D.
  
  Receives its blood from the superior mesenteric artery
- E.
  
  Has teniae coli and epiploic appendages
11.

Which structure is hematopoietic in early life and later destroys worn out red blood cells?
- A.
  
  A
- B.
  
  B
- C.
  
  C
- D.
  
  D
- E.
  
  E
12.

A 53-year-old woman with known kidney disease presents to a hospital because her pain has become increasingly more severe. A physician performing kidney surgery must remember that:
- A.
  
  The left kidney lies a bit lower than the right one
- B.
  
  The peri-renal fat lies external to the renal fascia
- C.
  
  The renal fascia does not surround the suprarenal gland
- D.
  
  The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aorta and the left renal artery
- E.
  
  The right renal artery is shorter than the left one
13.

A 9-year-old girl has crashed into her neighbor's brick fence while riding her bike and is brought to the emergency department with a great deal of abdominal pain. Her radiogram and angiogram show laceration of the superior mesenteric artery immediately distal to the origin of the middle colic artery. If collateral circulation is discounted, which of the following organs may become ischemic?
- A.
  
  Descending colon
- B.
  
  Duodenum
- C.
  
  Pancreas
- D.
  
  Ascending colon
- E.
  
  Transverse colon
14.

An emergent hernia repair is scheduled. As the attending physician is driving to the hospital, the medical student assisting on the case quickly reviews his anatomy atlas and is trying to commit to memory that the internal oblique abdominis muscle contributes to the formation of which of the following structures?
- A.
  
  Inguinal ligament
- B.
  
  Deep inguinal ring
- C.
  
  Falx inguinalis
- D.
  
  Internal spermatic fascia
- E.
  
  Reflected inguinal ligament
15.

A 58-y/o man is admitted to a hospital with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting resulting in dehydration. Emergency computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. Which of the following structures is likely compressed by this tumor?
- A.
  
  Fundus of the stomach
- B.
  
  Neck of the pancreas
- C.
  
  Transverse colon
- D.
  
  Hepatopancreatic ampulla
- E.
  
  Duodenojejunal junction
16.

A 19-year-old young woman with a long history of irritable bowel syndrome presents for the possibility of surgical resection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where the vagal parasympathetic innervation terminates. Which of the following sites is most appropriate for surgical resection?
- A.
  
  Duodenojejunal junction
- B.
  
  Ileocecal junction
- C.
  
  Right colic flexure
- D.
  
  Left colic flexure
- E.
  
  Anorectal junction
17.

A 43-year-old woman is admitted to a hospital because of deep abdominal pain in her epigastric region. On examination, it is observed that a retroperitoneal infection erodes an artery that runs along the superior border of the pancreas. Which of the following arteries is likely injured?
- A.
  
  Right gastric artery
- B.
  
  Left gastroepiploic artery
- C.
  
  Splenic artery
- D.
  
  Gastroduodcnal artery
- E.
  
  Dorsal pancreatic artery
18.

During surgical treatment of portal hypertension of a 59-year-old man with liver cirrhosis, a surgeon inadvertently lacerates the dilated paraumbilical veins. The veins must be repaired to allow collateral flow. Which of the following ligaments is most likely severed?
- A.
  
  Lienorenal ligament
- B.
  
  Lienogastric ligament
- C.
  
  Gastrophrenic ligament
- D.
  
  Ligamentum teres hepatis
- E.
  
  Ligamentum venosum
19.

A physical fitness trainer for a young Hollywood movie star explains the reasons for 100 stomach crunches a day. The young star, a medical student before "hitting it big" reaffirms to his trainer that the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis, the muscle responsible for a washboard stomach, defines which one of the following structures?
- A.
  
  Linea alba
- B.
  
  Linea semilunaris
- C.
  
  Linea semicircularis
- D.
  
  Transversalis fascia
- E.
  
  Falx inguinalis
20.

A 58-year-old man is presented with edema of the lower limb and enlarged superficial veins of the abdominal wall. Examination of radiographs and angiograms reveals obstruction of the inferior vena cava just proximal to the origin of the renal vein. This venous blockage may result in dilation of which of the following veins?
- A.
  
  Left suprarenal vein
- B.
  
  Right inferior phrenic vein
- C.
  
  Right hepatic vein
- D.
  
  Left gastric vein
- E.
  
  Portal vein