Block 5 Anat Skul Cranial Fossa Face Scalp Ta's W Expl

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  • 1/16 Questions

    A 65 year old woman had optic nerve damage. An MRI revealed that the foramen that Cranial Nerve II goes through is damaged. Which one of the following is also most likely damaged?

    • Facial Nerve
    • Ophthalmic Division of Trigeminal Nerve
    • Mandibular Division of Trigeminal Nerve
    • Ophthalmic Artery
    • Facial Artery
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Block 5 Anat Skul Cranial Fossa Face Scalp Ta
About This Quiz

This quiz assesses detailed knowledge of cranial nerve pathways, their exit foramina, and related clinical scenarios. It focuses on the anatomy of the cranial fossa, face, and scalp, crucial for medical students and professionals dealing with neuroanatomy and related pathologies.

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  • 2. 

    ________  exits the skull through the internal acoustic meatus ; however, only _______ exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen .

    • Facial nerve only , Facial nerve only

    • Vestibulocochlear nerve only , vestibulocochlear nerve only

    • Both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves , Both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves

    • Both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, Only facial nerve

    • Both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves , Only vestubulocochlear nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves, Only facial nerve
    Explanation
    Both vestibulocochlear & facial nerve enter the internal acoustic meatus. The vestibulocochlear nerve enters the internal acoustic meatus splits into its respective branches terminating in the inner ear. The facial nerve enters the internal acoustic meatus and then exits the skull through the stylomastoid forman to travel to the anterior aspect of the skull and provide innervation to the facial muscles.

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  • 3. 
    A 25-year-old man riding his motorcycle at 20 mph suddenly hits a pothole in the road and was ejected through the air landing headfirst on the left, lateral side of his skull. The man was taken to the emergency department and subsequent radiographic studies were undertaken that revealed damage to structure at the arrow (see below). Which of the following clinical manifestations will most likely be observed in this patient? - ProProfs

    A 25-year-old man riding his motorcycle at 20 mph suddenly hits a pothole in the road and was ejected through the air landing headfirst on the left, lateral side of his skull. The man was taken to the emergency department and subsequent radiographic studies were undertaken that revealed damage to structure at the arrow (see below). Which of the following clinical manifestations will most likely be observed in this patient?

    • Loss of taste and general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

    • Obstructive hydrocephalus

    • Non-obstructive hydrocephalus

    • Epidural hematoma

    • Trigeminal neuralgia

    Correct Answer
    A. Epidural hematoma
    Explanation
    Blunt trauma to the lateral aspect of the skull will most likely fracture the pterion because this is the weakest part of the skull; damage to the pterion will subsequently damage the middle meningeal artery leading to an epidural hematoma.

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  • 4. 

    A 33 year old female presents to her physician complaining that she is not able to feel touch sensation along her chin just below her lower lip.  MRI reveals a small basal tumor compressing structures that are exiting what landmark?

    • Foramen Rotundum

    • Foramen Ovale

    • Foramen Spinosum

    • Jugular Foramen

    Correct Answer
    A. Foramen Ovale
    Explanation
    Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal N.) provides sensation to the face. More specifically, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve (V3) provides sensation to the lower-most portion of the face below the lower lip. It exits the neurocranium at the foramen ovale.

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  • 5. 

    If CN VII were ligated bilaterally which muscle on the face would still function properly?

    • Risorius

    • Masseter

    • Buccinator

    • Zygomaticus Minor

    Correct Answer
    A. Masseter
    Explanation
    All of the muscles listed are innervated by the Facial nerve except for the Masseter muscle which is innervated by CN V3 .

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  • 6. 

    Mr. Balkaran, 16-year-old boy with severe acne, develops an upper eyelid infection. As a good physician, you are very concerned about spread of the infection to the dural venous sinus. With which of the following dural venous sinuses does the superior ophthalmic vein directly communicate?  

    • Occipital sinus

    • Sigmoid sinus

    • Straight sinus

    • Cavernous sinus

    • Superior petrosal sinus

    Correct Answer
    A. Cavernous sinus
    Explanation
    The superior ophthalmic vein passes through the superior orbital fissure and flows into the cavernous sinus. Because emissary veins lack valves, blood flow in the superior ophthalmic vein can occur in either direction. The cavernous sinus is lateral to the pituitary gland and contains CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI and the internal carotid artery. Infection the cavernous sinus could infect any of them.

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  • 7. 

    Mr. Ringmy, a 34 year old salesman, presents with a drooping face and forehead consistent with Bell’s palsy.  It is found on radiological examination that there is a tumor that compresses the cranial nerve responsible for these finding at the location it exits the skull.  What is the location of the tumor?

    • Foramen rotundum

    • Foramen ovale

    • Jugular foramen

    • External acoustic foramen

    • Stylomastoid foramen

    Correct Answer
    A. Stylomastoid foramen
    Explanation
    The facial nerve exits the stylomastoid foramen to innervate the muscles of facial expression(the taste fibers do not exit through the stylomastoid foramen. They exit before this foramen.). Without knowing there was a tumor, Bell’s palsy would still indicate a LMN lesion. Interestingly Bell’s palsy is often idiopathic, but can also be caused by HIV, Lyme disease, a middle ear infection, and sarcoidosis.

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  • 8. 

    What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

    • Cranial nerves III, IV, VI , VI, and Middle Meningeal artery

    • Cranial nerves III, IV, VI , VI, and Ophthalmic artery

    • Cranial nerves III, IV, VI,2,3 , VI

    • Cranial nerves III, IV, VI , VI, and Ophthalmic vein

    Correct Answer
    A. Cranial nerves III, IV, VI , VI, and Ophthalmic vein
    Explanation
    The ophthalmic artery along with the Optic nerve passes through the Optic Canal. The middle meningeal artery passes through Foramen Spinosum. The maxillary branch of the Trigeminal nerve passes through Foramen Rotundum and the mandibular branch passes through Foramen Ovale.

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  • 9. 

    A 43 year old man presents with Bell's Palsy. Which one of the following is LEAST likely damaged?

    • Zygomaticus Minor

    • Orbicularis Oris

    • Risorius

    • Masseter

    • Orbicularis Oculi

    Correct Answer
    A. Masseter
    Explanation
    The Masseter is innervated by the Trigeminal nerve (V3) along with the Temporalis, Medial & Lateral pterygoids. These muscles comprise the ‘muscles of mastication’

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  • 10. 

    A patient arrives at your office following a disastrous work injury at the metal factory. A sharp object is seen piercing the patient's left eye and radiological imaging demonstrates complete damage to the structures found within the left optic canal. Which of the following have most likely been damaged?

    • Superior ophthalmic vein

    • Inferior ophthalmic vein

    • Cavernous sinus

    • Ophthalmic artery

    • CN I

    • CN V: V2 Branch

    • Ophthalmic nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Ophthalmic artery
    Explanation
    The optic canal carries both the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. A and B are incorrect because these structures pass through the superior orbital fissure and Foramen Rotundum, respectively. CN I is the olfactory nerve and passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and is not found in this region. CNV: V2 is the maxillary nerve and passes through the inferior orbital fissure. The ophthalmic nerve is also known as V1 and travels through the superior orbital fissure. The cavernous sinus is found within the skull cavity near the entry to the optic canal and though it may have been damaged if the metal traveled far enough, the ophthalmic artery would have certainly been damaged first and is therefore a better answer.

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  • 11. 

    Face and Scalp Sensation to the lower lip is supplied what branch of which cranial nerve?

    • Cervical branch of CN VII‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

    • Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII

    • Marginal mandibular branch of CN V‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

    • Maxillary branch of CN V‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

    • Buccal branch of CN VII

    Correct Answer
    A. Marginal mandibular branch of CN V‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
    Explanation
    CN V3 supplies sensation to the lower face including the lower lip. CN VII supplies motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression.

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  • 12. 

    A 30-year-old female is giving birth vaginally, the obstetrician uses forceps to pull the baby’s head out by the mastoid processes. What is most at risk and possible result?

    • Vestibular n. and Battle signs

    • Glossopharyngeal n. and Ear sensory loss

    • Internal carotid n. and Horner’s syndrome

    • Facial n. and Bell’s palsy

    • Ophthalmic n. and maxillary sensory loss

    Correct Answer
    A. Facial n. and Bell’s palsy
    Explanation
    The facial nerve will come out between the styloid and mastoid process, Any significant trauma to that area will damage the facial nerve

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  • 13. 

    Which of the following provides the surface atop which rests the basilar artery?

    • Lesser wing of sphenoid

    • Optic canal

    • Cribiform plate

    • Clivus

    • Anterior clinoid process

    Correct Answer
    A. Clivus
    Explanation
    The lesser wing of the sphenoid provides the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa. The optic canal is the path of exit for CN II and the ophthalmic artery. The cribiform plate contains foramina through which neurons of CN I pass. The anterior clinoid processes are bilateral structures anterior to the hypophysial fossa.

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  • 14. 

    A 25-year-old man is brought into the emergency room following a motorcycle-versus-tree MVA with confusion, unilateral pupillary dilation, and altered level of consciousness. A CT of the head reveals a hematoma crossing the midline. The artery most likely to have been ruptured is a branch of which of the following?  

    • Posterior auricular artery

    • Maxillary artery

    • Lateral nasal artery

    • Transverse facial artery

    • Angular artery

    Correct Answer
    A. Maxillary artery
    Explanation
    The artery in question is the middle meningeal artery, a branch of the (if you want to be more specific here, it is a branch from the first part of the the maxillary artery)maxillary artery (which is a branch of the external carotid artery). The hematoma is an epidural hematoma, which is slightly more likely to occur in younger patients. Choices A and D are also both branches of the external carotid artery, but not the ones in question here. Choices C and E are terminal branches of the facial artery.

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  • 15. 

    A middle-aged patient arrives at your office complaining of loss of sensation over the face. You examine different regions of the face. During your inspection, you examine the skin over the angle of the mandible and notice a lack of sensation in this area. Which nerve supplies this region?  

    • V1 of the Trigeminal nerve

    • V2 of the Trigeminal nerve

    • V3 of the Trigeminal nerve

    • Marginal mandibular

    • Posterior rami of C2-C3

    • Greater auricular nerve

    • Lesser occipital nerve

    Correct Answer
    A. Greater auricular nerve
    Explanation
    The greater auricular nerve supplies the angle of the mandible in addition to the superioanterolateral neck. Answers A-C cover the face with the exception of the angle of mandible. The marginal mandibular nerve is a branch of the facial and supplies motor to the face, not sensation. The posterior rami of C2-C3 is not correct. If it had said anterior rami, then it would have been correct, since the greater auricular consists of C2-C3. The lesser occipital nerve is found more posterior to our region of interest.

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  • 16. 

    Following surgery to remove a parotid tumor, a 45 year old female presents to her physician stating that whenever she sits down at the dinner table to ear, she begins to sweat profusely.  What is the most likely explanation for her development of Frey Syndrome?

    • Regrowth of severed presynaptic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX to sweat glands

    • Regrowth of severed postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from CN IX to sweat glands

    • Regrowth of severed presynaptic sympathetic fibers from CN V1 to sweat glands

    • Regrowth of severed postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from CN V3 to sweat glands

    Correct Answer
    A. Regrowth of severed postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from CN V3 to sweat glands
    Explanation
    Following surgery around the parotid gland, one possible complication is Frey Syndrome, a condition in which sweating occurs instead of salivating as a response to eating. One possible explanation is the regrowth of severed postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers during surgery to innervate sweat glands instead of salivary glands. Although the main salivary gland, the parotid gland, is innervated by CN IX, the postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers are carried by the auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of V3.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 15, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 17, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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