Block 1 Mini1 Pt 2 Neuroembryology

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  • 1/6 Questions

    Which of the following is a derivative of the epaxial musculature?

    • Rectus abdominis
    • Pectoralis major
    • Sternocleidomastoid
    • Inner intercostal
    • Rectus capitis posterior minor
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About This Quiz

Explore the foundations of NeuroEmbryology in 'Block 1 Mini1 pt 2', assessing key aspects like cranial nerve development, muscle derivatives, and congenital malformations like DiGeorge Syndrome and meroanencephaly, essential for medical students preparing for exams.

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  • 2. 

    Failure of closure of the cranial neuropore causes this serious congenital malformation.

    • Meroanencephaly

    • Rachischisis

    • Myelocele

    • Spina bifida occulta

    • Spina bifida cystica

    Correct Answer
    A. Meroanencephaly
    Explanation
    Meroanencephaly is a serious congenital malformation that occurs when the cranial neuropore fails to close properly. This results in incomplete development of the brain and skull. The condition is characterized by a lack of cerebral hemispheres and a thin layer of brain tissue covering the base of the skull. Meroanencephaly is a severe form of neural tube defect and is typically incompatible with life.

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  • 3. 

    DiGeorge Syndrome is a suite of congenital craniofacial malformations associated with immunological defects due to failure of the thymus gland to differentiate and calcium metabolic defects related to failed parathyroid gland development. A primary embryological cause is

    • Failure of development of Rathke’s pouch

    • Lack of migration of ectoderm through the primitive streak

    • Lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells

    • Failure of descent of the thyroid gland primordium

    • Lack of normal closure of the cervical sinus

    Correct Answer
    A. Lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells
    Explanation
    The correct answer is lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells. DiGeorge Syndrome is a congenital disorder that is caused by the abnormal development of neural crest cells, which are a group of cells that play a crucial role in the formation of various tissues and organs in the body. These cells are responsible for the development of the thymus gland, parathyroid gland, and other structures in the craniofacial region. When there is a lack of normal development and migration of neural crest cells, it can result in the malformations and defects seen in DiGeorge Syndrome, including craniofacial malformations, immunological defects, and calcium metabolic defects.

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  • 4. 

    Nerve tracts running through the caudal medulla develop ventral to the sulcus limitans and eventually form the pyramids. Based on the position of their embryological development, the functional association of the pyramids is

    • Somatic sensory

    • Visceral sensory

    • Special sensory

    • Motor

    • Sympathetic

    Correct Answer
    A. Motor
    Explanation
    The pyramids develop ventral to the sulcus limitans in the caudal medulla, indicating their embryological position. This suggests that the functional association of the pyramids is motor, as they are responsible for carrying motor information from the brain to the spinal cord and ultimately to the muscles.

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  • 5. 

    The embryonic location of the nucleus of the fourth cranial nerve, an exclusively motor nerve which exits from the dorsum of the brainstem and innervates a muscle that moves the eyeball, is

    • Alar plate of the metencephalon

    • Alar plate of the myelencephalon

    • Basal plate of the mesencephalon

    • Basal plate of the diencephalon

    • Intermediolateral position near the sulcus limitans of the rhombencephalon

    Correct Answer
    A. Basal plate of the mesencephalon
    Explanation
    The correct answer is basal plate of the mesencephalon because the fourth cranial nerve, also known as the trochlear nerve, is an exclusively motor nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye. The basal plate of the mesencephalon is responsible for the development of motor neurons, making it the embryonic location of the nucleus of the fourth cranial nerve.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following is a derivative of the epaxial musculature?

    • Rectus femoris

    • Biceps brachii

    • Trapezius

    • Innermost intercostal

    • Rectus capitis posterior minor

    Correct Answer
    A. Rectus capitis posterior minor
    Explanation
    The rectus capitis posterior minor is a derivative of the epaxial musculature. The term "epaxial" refers to the muscles that lie dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae, and the rectus capitis posterior minor is one of these muscles. It is a small muscle located in the back of the neck, and it helps to extend and rotate the head. The other options listed are not derivatives of the epaxial musculature.

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  • Mar 14, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Dec 09, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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