Bio 377- Exam 2

1. The __________ carries deoxygeated blood to the lungs.

Inferior vena cava

Aorta

Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

2. If dissolved O2 in the vein is 100 m/l, the dissolved O2 in the artery is 200m/l, the O2 used by muscles is 100 mL/min, the O2 absorbed by the lungs is 400 ml/min, then C.O would be :*

About one and a third

About one and two thirds

About two

About five

About four

3. What blood vessel type has the greatest overall cross sectional area?

Arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

Venules

Veins

4. An increases in blood flow to metabolically active tissue will cause an increase __________

Capillary diameter

Tissue hypoxia

Arteriolar resistance

Oxygen delivery

Blood pressure

5. Given the following information, calculate the net filtration pressure : capillary hydrostatic pressure = 30mm Hg, interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure= 5 mm Hg, capillary oncotic pressure =25 mm Hg, and interstitial fluid onctonic pressure=10 mm Hg

40 mm gh, favoring filteration

-40 mm Hg, favoring reabsorption

10 mm Hg , favoring filteration

-10 mm Hg, favoring reabsorption

0 mm Hg, no net force

6. What benefit are corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma?

They induce bronchodilation

They induce bronchoconstriction

They reduce inflammation of the airways

They increase blood flow to the airways

They decrease mucus secretion into the airways

7. If damage to the AV node slowed down conductin through this tisssure, what would be obeserved on an ECG?

A larger P wave

A longer P wave

A longer PR interval

A wider QRS complex

And inverted T wave

8. What is the most common lethal inherited disease listed here?

Tuberculosis

Cystic fibrosis

Pleuropulmonary neolasm

Emphysema

Pneumonia

9. Given that the net filtration of fluid out of teh capillaries averages about 3 liters per day, how is blood volume maintained in light of this apparent fluid loss?

Fluid is returned to the blood as lymphatic fluid by the lympatic system

The net filtration is equally balanced by absorption

Gravity moves the fluid to the lowest point in the body, where the fluid is absorbed

While fluid moves out across the capillary, it tneds to move inward across veins

The kidneys are involved in the reabsorption of the remaining fluid

10. Which of the following substances is secreted by endothelial cells and causes vasodilation

Oxygen

Nitric oxide

Adenosine

Bradykinin

Endothelin-1

11. Chordae tendinae are strands of cnnective tissue extending from _ to ____

Atria: ventricle

Inferior vena cava: right atrium

Aortic valves: ventriuclar myocardium

Semilunar valves: atrial myocardium

Av valves: papillary muscle

12. Most of the iron used by teh body is found in

Peroxidase

Cytochrome oxidate

The liver

Hemoglobin

The spleen

13. The ___________ functions primarily as teh region of the lungs where teh majority o fgas exchange occurs.

Respiratory bronchiole

Alveolar duct

Alveolus

Terminal bronchiole

Bronchus

14. WHICH of the following will cause a shift in the hemoglobin- oxygen dissociating curve to the right?

Increase in temperature

Increase in plasma pH

Increase in 2,3-DPG

Both increase in temperature and increase in 2,3-dpg

All of these

15. What type of cell is the precursor for platelets

Neutrophils

Erythrocytes

Megakarycytes

Null cells

Macrophages

16. As an O2 diffuses from lungs to blood, it passes thru the _ before going thru the ____

Epithelial basement membrane: fluid and surfactant layer

Alveolar epithelium : epithelial basement membrane

Interstitial space: fluid and surfactant layer

Fluid and surfactant layer: alveolar space

None of the above are liekley directions for oxygen movement of blood

17. If a blood vessel contricted to a fourth of its original diameter, and assuming constant pressure, the flow rate of blood would be reduced to about _______ of its original flow rate?

1/4

1/8

1/16

1/64

1/256

18. Hyperventilation would lead to a __________ within the systemix arteries

Selective decrease in P02

Selective increase in P02

Selective decrease in Pco2

Increase in P02 and decrease in Pco2

Decrease in Po2 and increae in Pco2

19. This heart murmur is heard faintly during systole. It also can occur during a prolapse during which a valve does not close properly. The name of this heart murmur is_________

Mitral regurgitation

Aortic regurgitation

Mitral stenosis

Aortic stenosis

Patent ductus arteriosus

20. Respiratory acidosis will result from a __________

Increase in blood CO2 concentration

Decrease in blood CO2 concentration

Increase in blood bicorbonate

Decrease in blood bicarbonate

Increase in carbon monoxide

21. Pulmonary edema describes a condition where the upatake of oxygen and unloading of carbon dioxide is reduced as a consequence of a __________

Increase in the parital pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood

Thickening of the diffusion barrier

Decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveolus

Both increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in blood and thickening of diffusion barrier

Both increase in Pco2 in blood decrease in P02 in the alveolus

22. IN regards to surfactant, all of the following are true except:

It is secreted form type 1 aveolar cells

A detergent that decreases surface tension

It increases lung compliance

It makes inspiration easier

Non of the above

23. Vital Capacity=

VT+ERV

VT+IRV+ERV

VT+ERV+IRV+RV

VT+IRV

ERV+IRV+RV

24. The primar inspiratory muscles are the __________

External and internal intercostals

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Diaphragm and internal intercostals

Diaphragm and the external and internal intercostals

Diaphragm and abdominal muscles

25. What attribute of veins allos them to function as a mjor reservoir of blood volume

They have a relatively large total cross sectional area

They have a relatively long average length and relatively low complaince

They have relatively long average length, and relatevely high compliance

A and B both contribute to that important attribute of veins

A and C both contribute to that important attribute of veins

26. An incrase in the volume of blood ejected from the heart, with no change in total peripheral resistance, would __________

Elevate mean arterial pressure

Elevate central venous pressure

Reduce mean arterial pressure

Elevate pulmonary venous pressure

Reduce the stretch of the aorta

27. If ESV=130 mls, heart rate 100 bpm, systolic BP=120 mm Hg, diastolic BP=80 mm Hg, EDV= 70 mls, then C.0=______ liters/min

About 6

About 10

About 15

About 20

Cannot be estimated ( insufficient information)

28. WHich is the best way to correct a collapses lung after a "Trauma" Pneumothorax?

Insert needle into pleural sac and allow air to escape

Insert needle into chest wall and allow air to escape

Insert needle into lung and apply pressure

Insert tube into chest wall and apply vacuum

Insert tube into pleural sac and apply vacuum

29. Erythrocytes are synthesized in the under the control of _

Liver : bilirubin

Bone marrow : erythropoietin

Kidney : transferrin

Liver : erythropoietin

Bone marrow : bilirubin

30. Which of the following is true of teh ventricular filling phase of the cardiac cycle?

Ventricular filling occurs during systole

All valves in the heart are open

Ventricular pressure is less than aortic pressure

Ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure

Ventricular pressure is decreasing

31. Vitamin K defiiency is more closely associated with

Decreased synthesis of clotting agents

Deficiency of gene for specific coagulation factor

Reduced levels of vWF

Decreased ability to manufacture RBCs

Decreased ability to limit the number of RBCs

32. The one below lease likely to lead to edema ia:*

Blockage of lymph return

Decreased capillary permeability

Increased capillary pressure

Decreased plasma proteins

None of the above