Basicont Final Exam (Review)

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Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of computer memory chip that allows instructions and data to be stored, changed, and retrieved by the user. Unlike Read Only Memory (ROM) which is non-volatile and cannot be modified, RAM is volatile and can be read from and written to. It provides temporary storage for data that is actively being used by the computer's operating system and applications. When the computer is turned off or restarted, the data stored in RAM is lost. Virtual Memory and Programmable Read Only Memory are not accurate descriptions for this type of memory.

The bootstrap program is responsible for loading the core parts of the operating system into memory when the system boots up. It provides the necessary instructions for the system to initialize and start running. Without the bootstrap program, the system would not know how to properly load and execute the kernel and other essential components.

The birth of the World Wide Web is considered to have occurred in 1991. This is when the World Wide Web became publicly available and accessible to users. It was during this year that Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist, introduced the first web page and web browser. The World Wide Web revolutionized the way information is accessed and shared, leading to the development of the modern internet as we know it today.

A search engine is a computer program that searches for specific words and returns a list of documents in which they were found. It is commonly used on the internet as a commercial service, with popular examples being Google and Yahoo. These search engines allow users to input their search queries in a search textbox, and then the engine scans its database to find relevant documents that contain the specified words. The search engine then presents the user with a list of results that match their query, making it easier to find information on the internet.

The term "computer system" refers to the combination of a computer and all its connected input, output, and storage devices. It encompasses the hardware components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and peripheral devices such as keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers. The computer system is responsible for processing and executing instructions, storing and retrieving data, and facilitating communication between the user and the computer.

Digital Electronics refers to the field of electronics that deals with the manipulation and control of digital signals, which are represented by discrete values of "on" and "off". These signals are used to perform complex tasks and operations in various electronic devices and systems. Unlike analog electronics, which deals with continuous signals, digital electronics focuses on discrete and binary representations of data. Therefore, the given answer accurately describes the concept of digital electronics and its application in performing complex tasks through the manipulation of "on" and "off" signals.

In this specialized language, users are allowed to request information from a database. This language is known as a query language. It is specifically designed to interact with databases and retrieve data based on specific criteria or conditions. Users can use query language commands to search, filter, and extract information from the database. Therefore, the correct answer is Query Language.

The given correct answer is "Communication" because the statement describes the fundamental concept of communication, which involves transmitting a message from a sender or source to a receiver or destination. Communication can occur through various means such as verbal, written, or electronic channels. It is a process that enables the exchange of information, ideas, or emotions between individuals or entities.

The question asks for the binary equivalent of 133 in base-8. To find the binary equivalent, we need to convert the base-8 number to decimal and then convert the decimal number to binary. In this case, 133 in base-8 is equal to 91 in decimal. Converting 91 to binary gives us 1011011, which matches the given answer.

EDVAC is the correct answer because it was one of the first computers to implement von Neumann's architecture. This architecture is characterized by having a central processing unit (CPU) that coordinates all computer functions through a single source. Therefore, EDVAC's implementation of von Neumann's architecture allowed for the coordination of all computer functions through the CPU, making it the correct answer.

The given correct answer is "Electronic Commerce" because it accurately describes the process of buyers and sellers exchanging and transporting goods facilitated by networked computers. Electronic commerce, also known as e-commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet. This involves online transactions, electronic funds transfer, online shopping, and other electronic means of conducting business.

Machine language is the correct answer because it refers to the set of instructions and data that can be directly executed by a computer's central processing unit. It consists of binary code that represents specific operations and addresses in the computer's memory. This low-level programming language is specific to the computer's hardware and is often used by assembly language programmers to write software that can directly control the computer's hardware components. It is the closest representation of how a computer actually understands and executes instructions.

A workstation is a type of computer that is specifically designed for business or professional use and is known for its high speed and performance capabilities. Unlike individual personal computers, workstations are built with more powerful hardware components and are optimized for tasks that require heavy processing, such as graphic design, video editing, and scientific simulations. Therefore, workstations are considered to be faster and more efficient than regular desktop or microcomputers, making them the correct answer in this case.

The correct answer is 712963 because AE103 in base-16 is equal to 712963 in base-10. In hexadecimal (base-16), each digit represents a power of 16. A is equivalent to 10, E is equivalent to 14, and 1 is equivalent to 1. So, AE103 can be calculated as (10 * 16^4) + (14 * 16^3) + (1 * 16^2) + (0 * 16^1) + (3 * 16^0) = 712963.

Neural Network is the correct answer because it is a programming paradigm that is based on the concepts of how humans think. It is inspired by the functioning of the human brain and consists of interconnected nodes or artificial neurons that work together to process and analyze data. This approach allows computers to learn and make decisions in a similar way to humans, making it an effective tool for tasks such as pattern recognition, data classification, and prediction.

A digital device is the correct answer because it is specifically designed to work with discrete data, which is represented by binary digits (0 or 1). Unlike analog devices that work with continuous data, digital devices process and store information in a binary format, allowing for precise and accurate calculations. Input and output devices, on the other hand, refer to the means by which data is entered into or displayed by a device, and do not necessarily imply the use of digital technology.

The Function-based Integrated System is intended for the exclusive support of a specific application area, which is mentioned in statement 1. This means that it is designed to cater to the specific needs and requirements of that particular application area. Additionally, statement 4 states that the database files easily become different if one is updated and the others are not. This implies that there can be differences in the data stored in the database files, highlighting the lack of data integrity. Therefore, the correct answer is 1 and 4 only.

Distributed Data Processing refers to a process where all data processing operations and calculations are executed by multiple computers or servers instead of a central computer. This allows for better scalability, fault tolerance, and improved performance as the workload is distributed across multiple machines. This approach is commonly used in large-scale systems where a single central computer may not be able to handle the processing requirements efficiently.

A desktop computer is a general-purpose computing device that can either be rack-mounted or small enough to fit on a desktop. It is a commonly used type of computer that is versatile and suitable for various tasks. Unlike minicomputers and macrocomputers, which are larger and more specialized, desktop computers are designed for personal or office use and are widely accessible to individuals.