Assembly Languages & Language Translators

The correct answer states that compilers translate a whole program before starting execution while interpreters translate and execute line by line. This is a key difference between compilers and interpreters. Compilers analyze the entire source code and generate an executable file, which can be executed independently. On the other hand, interpreters analyze and execute the source code line by line, without generating an executable file beforehand. This fundamental difference in their approach to translating and executing code is what sets compilers and interpreters apart.

Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is closely related to the machine language of a specific computer architecture. It uses mnemonic codes to represent machine instructions, making it easier for programmers to understand and write code. Compared to high-level languages (HLL), assembly language programs are simpler to translate into machine code because they have a one-to-one correspondence with the machine instructions. Additionally, assembly programs tend to occupy less storage space since they do not require a compiler or interpreter, resulting in more efficient memory usage.

Assembly language is considered a Low Level Language because it is a machine-oriented language that requires a good knowledge of machine architecture to code in. Unlike high-level languages, assembly language is closely related to the hardware and provides direct access to the computer's memory and registers. It uses mnemonic codes and symbolic addressing to represent machine instructions, making it more readable than machine language but still requiring an understanding of the underlying hardware. Therefore, the correct answer is "It is a machine-oriented language that requires a good knowledge of machine architecture to code in."

In the given Assembly Language instruction "LDA X", "LDA" is the opcode and "X" is the operand. The opcode "LDA" stands for "Load Accumulator" and it indicates that the value stored at the memory location specified by the operand "X" should be loaded into the accumulator register. The operand "X" represents a memory address where the desired value is stored. Therefore, the opcode specifies the operation to be performed and the operand specifies the data or memory location involved in that operation.

Assembly language is easier to code in than machine code because it makes use of mnemonics. Mnemonics are symbolic representations of machine code instructions that are easier for humans to understand and remember. By using mnemonics, programmers can write code in assembly language that is more readable and intuitive compared to directly writing machine code instructions. This simplifies the coding process and reduces the chances of errors, making assembly language a more user-friendly option compared to machine code.

Compilers and interpreters are both used in translating High-Level Languages (HLLs). Compilers translate the entire program into machine code before execution, while interpreters translate and execute the program line by line. Assemblers, on the other hand, are used to translate Assembly language into machine code. Therefore, the correct answer is "Compilers and Interpreters."

Programs written in assembly language are not portable because they are specific to a particular computer architecture and cannot be easily executed on different systems. They make use of mnemonics, which are human-readable representations of machine instructions, making them easier to understand and write. Additionally, programs written in assembly language generally run faster and require less storage space compared to those written in high-level languages (HLLs) because they directly interact with the hardware of the computer. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above."

The correct answer is that an interpreter would have to translate the program each time it is run. This means that the interpreter would need to go through the process of analyzing and executing the code every time it is executed, which can be time-consuming and inefficient. On the other hand, if the interpreter translates the program once and produces object code that can be saved, it can be run directly without needing further translation, saving time and resources. Therefore, it is more efficient to use an interpreter that can produce object code that can be saved and run straight away.