Trivia Quiz On Arab & Israel CoNFLict

The term "Diaspora" refers to the dispersion of a particular group of people, in this case, the Jews, from their original homeland. It is commonly used to describe the scattering of Jews outside of Israel, particularly after the Babylonian exile and the destruction of the Second Temple. The term "Scattering of Jews" in the question is another way of referring to the Diaspora. The other options, such as "Distillation" and "Scat," are unrelated and do not pertain to the topic of the question.

During World War II, the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin El Husseini, sided with the Nazis. This alliance led to increased Jewish migrations into Palestine, as many Jews sought refuge from Nazi persecution. By 1946, there were approximately 680,000 Jews in Palestine. It is important to note that while Lebanon, Syria, and Jordan had gained independence during this time, the focus of this explanation is on the impact of WWII and the Mufti's alliance with the Nazis.

In 1948, the British mandate over Palestine came to an end and Israel declared its statehood. This declaration was followed by attacks from Arab armies on Israel, resulting in a war. The war led to the division of Jerusalem and the displacement of around 650,000 Palestinian refugees. In response to this humanitarian crisis, the UN established a commission in 1948 to facilitate the repatriation or compensation of the refugees.

In 1917, Britain issued the Balfour Declaration, which expressed support for the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. However, it also emphasized that this should not infringe upon the civil and religious rights of the existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine. This declaration played a significant role in shaping the future of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the establishment of the state of Israel.

In 1922, the Council of the League of Nations divided the Atab lands and established the British mandate for Palestine. This decision was made after World War I, when the Ottoman Empire was dissolved and the territories were divided among the victorious powers. The League of Nations, an international organization aimed at maintaining peace and resolving conflicts, assigned the administration of Palestine to the British. This decision had significant implications for the region, as it laid the groundwork for the establishment of the State of Israel in the future.

In 1929, Arab-Jewish riots occurred in Hebron and other places, resulting in the deaths of nearly 250 Arabs and Jews. These violent clashes led to the disappearance of the Jewish community in Hebron. The year 1929 is significant as it marks a tragic event in the history of Arab-Jewish relations, showcasing the intensity of the conflict and its devastating consequences.

The correct answer is Truman Doctrine. The Truman Doctrine was a policy introduced by President Harry S. Truman in 1947. It aimed to provide economic and military aid to Greece and Turkey, who were facing threats from communism. This policy marked the beginning of the containment policy, which aimed to stop the expansion of Soviet influence. The Truman Doctrine was a significant step in initiating the Cold War and demonstrating the United States' commitment to opposing communism.

The correct answer is WWI because during World War I, the Ottoman Empire was defeated by the Allied forces. The empire had been ruling over various Arab territories since the 1500s, but the war weakened their control and eventually led to the dismantling of the empire.

During the years 1969-1970, Israel began establishing settlements in occupied territories, which refers to the Israeli government's construction of Jewish communities in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. At the same time, Jordan expelled the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from its territory, causing the PLO to establish a base in southern Lebanon. Additionally, Egypt engaged in a "war of attrition" against Israel, with support from the Soviet Union, leading to the Rogers Plan. This plan set UN Resolution 242 as the basis for negotiations between Israel and its Arab neighbors.

In 1995, the Oslo II agreement established three areas in the West Bank: Area A, which is under direct Palestinian control; Area B, which is jointly controlled with Palestinian civilian control and Israeli security control; and Area C, which is under exclusive Israeli control. The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, the Israeli Prime Minister, by a right-wing Israeli fanatic in Tel Aviv, occurred in 1995.

In 1973, Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel, known as the Yom Kippur War. Despite the attack, there were no major territorial changes as a result of the conflict. Following the war, the United Nations Security Council Resolution 338 called for negotiations between the involved parties. As a response to the war, Arab countries imposed an oil embargo on Israel's allies, which lasted for five months. This embargo played a significant role in the subsequent peace negotiations, eventually leading to the first peace accord between Israel and Egypt.

In 1946, hostilities in Palestine escalated with the bombing of the British King David Hotel by the Jewish Irgun. This event played a significant role in Britain's decision to leave Palestine. The bombing was a turning point in the conflict between Jewish paramilitary groups and the British authorities, as it caused a large number of casualties and demonstrated the determination of the Jewish fighters. It also increased international pressure on Britain to find a solution to the ongoing conflict in Palestine.

The events mentioned in the passage, such as President Bush's visit to the Holy Land, Israel closing border crossings with Gaza, negotiations with Syria, and the agreement between Israeli PM Olmert and President Abbas, all occurred in different months of the year. The only year mentioned in the passage is 2008, so it can be inferred that these events took place in that year.

In 2002, there were significant events related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The reoccupation of Palestinian areas began, and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat was placed under house arrest. The Israeli military also occupied the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem. During this time, Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah presented a peace plan that was endorsed by the Arab League. The plan promised recognition of Israel in exchange for ending the occupation. Additionally, UN Resolution 1397 affirmed the vision of a two-state solution. The resolution welcomed the Saudi initiative and the diplomatic efforts of the Quartet (the United States, European Union, United Nations, and Russia). In the same year, President George W. Bush declared his vision for a viable Palestinian state alongside a secure Israel. Israel also began construction of a security fence around the West Bank.

The Gulf War began in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. The Madrid Conference, on the other hand, marked the beginning of bilateral and multilateral negotiations between Israel and Arab countries. Therefore, the correct answer is 1991, as it is the year when the Gulf War started.

During the period of 1936-1939, the Arab Revolt occurred, marking the first major outbreak of Arab-Jewish hostilities. As a result of this revolt, the Peel Commission recommended the partitioning of Palestine into Jewish and Arab states in 1937. While the Jews accepted this recommendation, they desired more land. In response to the White Paper, which limited Jewish immigration, Jews established the Mossad to facilitate illegal immigration. Therefore, the years 1936-1939 were significant in terms of the Arab-Jewish conflict and the subsequent actions taken by both sides.

The correct answer is "Dryfuss Affairs." The Dreyfus Affair refers to the political scandal that occurred in France during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a French Jewish officer, was wrongfully accused and convicted of treason. The affair highlighted deep-rooted anti-Semitism within the French military and society at large. It became a highly divisive issue, with supporters and opponents of Dreyfus battling over his innocence or guilt. The case ultimately led to a reexamination of the French justice system and had a significant impact on the Zionist movement, as it highlighted the need for a Jewish homeland.

In 1956, Nasser's decision to nationalize the Suez Canal resulted in military action by France, Britain, and Israel. The United States, under President Eisenhower, demanded that the allies withdraw their forces. To pressure Israel into complying, Eisenhower threatened economic sanctions if they failed to do so. This event is known as the Suez Crisis, and it occurred in 1956.

In 1933, Hitler's rise to power in Germany had a significant impact on Jewish migration into Palestine. As Hitler implemented anti-Semitic policies and persecution of Jews in Germany, many Jews sought refuge in Palestine. This increased the number of Jewish immigrants into the region during this time.

In 1967, Israel launched a preemptive strike and gained control over the Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem, annexing the latter. This resulted in around 600,000 Palestinians becoming refugees. The United Nations Resolution 242 was then passed, calling for Israel's withdrawal from the occupied territories and establishing the "land for peace principle."

In 1982, Israel invaded Lebanon for the second time and laid siege to Beirut. As a result, the PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) decided to move its headquarters from Beirut to Tunis. This event is significant because it marked a shift in the PLO's operations and presence in the region. Additionally, in 1982, the Reagan Peace Initiative and the Fez Summit Peace Proposal were introduced as attempts to bring peace to the region. Therefore, the year 1982 is the correct answer as it encompasses these important events related to Israel, Lebanon, and the PLO.

In 1949-1950, several significant events took place that shaped the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Armistice agreements were signed between Israel and its neighboring countries, establishing the "green line" which marked the boundaries between Israel and the occupied territories. Jordan annexed East Jerusalem and the West Bank, while Egypt controlled the Gaza Strip. The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) was established to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees. Additionally, during this period, Jews from Arab countries began migrating to Israel, and the Israeli Knesset passed the "Law of Return," granting full citizenship to any Jew.

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The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was established in 1964 with the aim of eliminating Zionism in Palestine. This date is significant because it marks the formal establishment of the PLO as the representative body for the Palestinian people and their struggle for self-determination. Prior to this, there were various Palestinian organizations and movements, but the PLO became the central umbrella organization that sought to unite and coordinate their efforts. The PLO's goal of eliminating Zionism in Palestine reflects the Palestinian desire for national liberation and the establishment of a Palestinian state.

The Crane Commission was used to evaluate Arab opinion by the US. The commission was established in 1956 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to investigate the causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict and make recommendations for a peaceful resolution. The commission, led by Philip C. Jessup, conducted interviews and gathered information from various Arab countries to assess their views and concerns. The findings of the Crane Commission provided valuable insights into Arab perspectives, helping the US better understand the region and formulate its policies accordingly.

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In 1993, the Osio Peace Process began with the signing of the "Declaration of Principles" between the PLO and Israel. This agreement marked a significant step towards a final settlement of the conflict. Israel recognized the PLO and granted it limited autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza, leading to the creation of the Palestinian Authority. In return, the PLO abandoned its claims to Israel's territory as defined by its pre-1967 borders. The mention of the first Hamas suicide attack suggests that this event occurred after the signing of the agreement in 1993.

In 1977, Menachem Begin and his political party, Likud coalition, won the Israeli elections. Following their victory, there was an increase in the establishment of settlements in the occupied territories. In the same year, Egypt's President Sadat made a historic visit to Israel's Knesset, where he expressed his desire for Egypt and Israel to live together in permanent peace based on justice. He also called for the recognition of the Palestinian right to have their own state. This event marked a significant shift in the Israeli-Arab conflict and laid the groundwork for future peace negotiations.

The answer "Sakkari-e" suggests that the group responsible for acts of terrorism against the Romans were the Sakkari-e. However, without any context or additional information, it is difficult to provide a comprehensive explanation for this answer. It is possible that the Sakkari-e were a radical Jewish group during that time period who engaged in acts of terrorism against the Romans.

In 1947-1948, tensions escalated in Palestine following the passing of UN General Assembly Resolution 181, which partitioned the region into Jewish and Arab states. The resolution also designated Greater Jerusalem as an international city. However, the resolution was rejected by the Arab nations, leading to further conflict. The Deir Yassin Massacre occurred during this period, where over 100 Palestinian civilians were killed in a village near Jerusalem. This event further heightened tensions and contributed to the overall violence and unrest in Palestine during 1947-1948.

The correct answer is the Carter Doctrine. The Carter Doctrine was a policy announced by President Jimmy Carter in 1980, stating that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf region. It was a response to the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 and aimed to deter Soviet hegemony in the Gulf. The doctrine highlighted the importance of Middle East oil and the need to protect the free movement of oil in the region.

The correct answer is 1916. The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a secret agreement between Britain and France in 1916 during World War I. It divided the Ottoman Arab lands into zones of influence, with Palestine falling under British influence. This agreement aimed to establish control over the region after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire.

In 1978, the Camp David Accords were signed through negotiations led by President Carter. As a result of these negotiations, Sinai was returned to Egypt in exchange for recognition of Israel. This agreement set the framework for settling the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Arab League expelled Egypt in response to the accords. Additionally, in the same year, Israel invaded Lebanon and occupied the southern border.

In 2003, the US-initiated war in Iraq began and the occupation of Iraq started. This was a significant event in history as it marked the beginning of a prolonged conflict and instability in the region. The road map, which was released by the US, UN, Russia, and the EU, aimed to provide a plan for peace and stability in the area. The Geneva Accords and People's Voice Initiative were also released during this time, further emphasizing the international efforts to address the situation in Iraq.

In 1997, the Hebron Protocol was signed, which divided the city of Hebron. Following this, Israel began constructing a settlement called Har Homa on a hill that overlooks East Jerusalem. This action sparked widespread protests, leading to a freeze in the peace process.

In 1981, Israel officially annexed the Golan Heights, which they had captured from Syria in 1967. This act of annexation meant that Israel claimed sovereignty over the territory and considered it as part of their own country. This move was highly controversial and condemned by the international community, as it violated international law and United Nations resolutions. The annexation of the Golan Heights has been a major point of contention between Israel and Syria, and has had significant implications for the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

The correct answer is 2001 because the events mentioned in the question are arranged in chronological order, starting with Taba Talks in 2000, followed by the inauguration of Bush in 2001, the election of Sharon as PM in 2001, and the release of the Mitchell report in 2001. This suggests that the events mentioned occurred in the year 2001.

In 1974, the Palestinian National Council adopted a political program that was interpreted by Israelis as a staged liberation of Palestine. This program was seen as a shift in the PLO's position, suggesting that they were willing to accept a state in part of Palestine. This interpretation by Israelis led to the view that the PLO was open to negotiations and a potential resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

In 1994, the Palestinian Authority was established in Gaza and Jericho, marking a significant step towards Palestinian self-governance. This allowed for increased autonomy and control over certain areas in the Palestinian territories. Additionally, in the same year, Yasser Arafat, the leader of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), arrived in Gaza, further solidifying the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. Furthermore, the peace treaty between Jordan and Israel was signed in 1994, which aimed to normalize relations between the two countries and promote stability in the region. As a result of these developments, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres, and Yasser Arafat were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for their efforts in advancing the peace process in the Middle East.

In 2009, there was escalating violence in Gaza and southern Israel, leading to the passing of Resolution 1860 by the UN Security Council, which called for a full ceasefire. The US abstained from voting on this resolution. Israel announced a one-week ceasefire on January 17th, demanding the withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip. Additionally, in January, Barack Obama was sworn into office as President of the United States, and he appointed former Senator George Mitchell as a special envoy to the Middle East to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Israeli elections were held in February, resulting in Benjamin Netanyahu becoming the Prime Minister with a right-leaning coalition government. The Obama administration held meetings with this government and asked Israel to stop settlement activity.

In 1987, the Intifada began as a Palestinian popular uprising against the Israeli occupation of the territories. It initially started in Gaza and later spread to the West Bank. The Intifada was a significant event in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, marked by widespread civil disobedience, protests, and acts of violence from Palestinians against Israeli forces. It lasted for several years and had a significant impact on shaping the political landscape in the region.

In 2004, Sharon announced a unilateral Gaza withdrawal plan and gained support from the US. This event is significant because it marked a major shift in Israeli policy towards the Gaza Strip. Additionally, in the same year, Yasser Arafat, the President of the Palestinian Authority, passed away. This was a significant event as it created a power vacuum and led to a period of uncertainty in Palestinian politics. Furthermore, in 2004, the International Court of Justice ruled that the route of Israel's separation barrier violated international law. This ruling had important implications for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the legality of Israel's actions.

The correct answer is WZO because the WZO, or World Zionist Organization, was responsible for organizing the Zionist movement. The WZO was founded in 1897 and played a crucial role in promoting Jewish immigration to Palestine and establishing a Jewish homeland. It aimed to unite and coordinate various Zionist groups and individuals worldwide in their efforts to achieve these goals. Through its leadership and activities, the WZO became the central organization for the Zionist movement, advocating for Jewish self-determination and the establishment of a Jewish state.

The scattering of the Jews into Europe occurred in 70 AD. This event is commonly referred to as the Jewish diaspora, which happened after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. As a result, many Jews were forced to leave their homeland and settle in various parts of Europe. This event had a significant impact on Jewish history and led to the dispersion of Jewish communities throughout Europe and the rest of the world.

In the year 2000, Camp David II negotiations took place between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat, led by US President Bill Clinton. The negotiations aimed to resolve the final status issues, with a major focus on Jerusalem. However, the talks broke down due to disagreements over the status of Jerusalem. Shortly after, Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon made a provocative visit to the Temple Mount/Haram al-Shrif, a holy site for both Jews and Muslims. This visit sparked widespread protests by Palestinians, and Israeli police responded with force, shooting and killing protesting Israeli-Arabs. These events marked the beginning of the Second Intifada, a period of violent uprising against Israeli occupation.

The correct answer is 950 BC. The First Temple, also known as Solomon's Temple, was built by the Jews in Jerusalem during the reign of King Solomon. According to biblical accounts, the construction of the temple began in the fourth year of Solomon's reign, around 966 BC, and was completed in about seven years. It was a significant religious and cultural center for the Jewish people until its destruction by the Babylonians in 586 BC. The temple held great religious importance and housed the Ark of the Covenant.

The correct answer is Eisenhower Doctrine. The given passage mentions that under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. This indicates that the Eisenhower Doctrine was a policy aimed at providing support to countries facing aggression. The other options, Wolf Doctrine, Carter Doctrine, and Camp David Accord, are not mentioned in the passage and do not align with the description provided.

In 1998, the Wye River Memorandum was signed but frozen. This agreement outlined a plan for further Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank. Additionally, the Palestinian National Council (PNC) renounced clauses in the PLO charter that were offensive to Israel.

The correct answer is 520 BC. This is because the Second Jewish Temple was built during the time of the Persian Empire, specifically during the reign of King Darius I. The construction of the temple began in 520 BC and was completed in 516 BC. This temple replaced the First Jewish Temple, which was destroyed by the Babylonians in 586 BC. The Second Jewish Temple played a significant role in Jewish religious and cultural life until it was destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD.

In 1988, the PLO accepts UN resolution 242 and 338, which were resolutions aimed at resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This acceptance shows a willingness on the part of the PLO to engage in peaceful negotiations and recognize Israel's right to exist within its pre-1967 borders. As a result, the US opens dialogue with the PLO, indicating a shift in diplomatic relations. In the same year, Hamas, also known as the Islamic Resistance Movement, is founded. This information suggests that 1988 is the most likely year for these events to have occurred.