Anthropology Final Exam 67-86

1. What houses were associated with the pyramids of Giza

The correct answer is "Laborer". The question is asking about the houses that were associated with the pyramids of Giza. The term "laborer" refers to the workers who were involved in the construction of the pyramids. These laborers would have lived in houses or settlements near the pyramid sites, as they needed to be close to their work. Therefore, the answer "Laborer" is the most appropriate and relevant choice in the context of the question.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Laborer". The question is asking about the houses that were associated with the pyramids of Giza. The term "laborer" refers to the workers who were involved in the construction of the pyramids. These laborers would have lived in houses or settlements near the pyramid sites, as they needed to be close to their work. Therefore, the answer "Laborer" is the most appropriate and relevant choice in the context of the question.

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2. Traders spoke ____ which was a ______ Language

The phrase "Traders spoke Mwani polyglot" suggests that the traders were able to speak Mwani, which is a polyglot language. A polyglot language is a language that has borrowed words and phrases from multiple other languages. Therefore, the traders were proficient in Mwani and had the ability to communicate with people who spoke different languages, thanks to the polyglot nature of Mwani.

Explanation

The phrase "Traders spoke Mwani polyglot" suggests that the traders were able to speak Mwani, which is a polyglot language. A polyglot language is a language that has borrowed words and phrases from multiple other languages. Therefore, the traders were proficient in Mwani and had the ability to communicate with people who spoke different languages, thanks to the polyglot nature of Mwani.

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4. The palette of Nazar was in

The given answer, 2700 BC, is the correct answer because it accurately states the time period when the palette of Nazar was in use. The palette of Nazar is an ancient Egyptian artifact that dates back to the Early Dynastic Period, specifically the 27th century BC. It is a cosmetic palette used for grinding and mixing minerals to create eye makeup. This answer aligns with historical evidence and the known timeline of ancient Egyptian civilization.

Explanation

The given answer, 2700 BC, is the correct answer because it accurately states the time period when the palette of Nazar was in use. The palette of Nazar is an ancient Egyptian artifact that dates back to the Early Dynastic Period, specifically the 27th century BC. It is a cosmetic palette used for grinding and mixing minerals to create eye makeup. This answer aligns with historical evidence and the known timeline of ancient Egyptian civilization.

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6. South American State Formation Divided into _____ and _____ sequences, due to ecological vertical economy of continent

The correct answer is "Highland lowland." South American state formation is divided into highland and lowland sequences. This division is based on the ecological vertical economy of the continent. The highland regions are characterized by mountainous terrain and cooler climates, while the lowland regions are characterized by flat plains and warmer climates. This division has influenced the development of different societies and cultures in these regions, leading to distinct patterns of state formation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Highland lowland." South American state formation is divided into highland and lowland sequences. This division is based on the ecological vertical economy of the continent. The highland regions are characterized by mountainous terrain and cooler climates, while the lowland regions are characterized by flat plains and warmer climates. This division has influenced the development of different societies and cultures in these regions, leading to distinct patterns of state formation.

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7. Social Structer Was _____ _________ from commoner families

The correct answer is "Highly Stratified." This means that the social structure was characterized by a significant division or hierarchy, with distinct levels or classes. It suggests that there were clear social distinctions and inequalities, and individuals' positions in society were determined by factors such as wealth, occupation, or birth. The phrase "from commoner families" further emphasizes the existence of social classes and implies that those who were not from commoner families had higher social status.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Highly Stratified." This means that the social structure was characterized by a significant division or hierarchy, with distinct levels or classes. It suggests that there were clear social distinctions and inequalities, and individuals' positions in society were determined by factors such as wealth, occupation, or birth. The phrase "from commoner families" further emphasizes the existence of social classes and implies that those who were not from commoner families had higher social status.

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8. Significant factor in State Craft

Trade is a significant factor in statecraft because it plays a crucial role in shaping the economic and political landscape of a nation. Through trade, countries can access resources and goods that they may not have domestically, leading to economic growth and development. Additionally, trade promotes diplomatic relations and cooperation between nations, as it fosters interdependence and mutual benefits. Trade also has the potential to influence geopolitical power dynamics, as countries with strong trade networks can leverage their economic influence for political purposes. Overall, trade is a vital element in statecraft as it impacts the prosperity, security, and global standing of nations.

Explanation

Trade is a significant factor in statecraft because it plays a crucial role in shaping the economic and political landscape of a nation. Through trade, countries can access resources and goods that they may not have domestically, leading to economic growth and development. Additionally, trade promotes diplomatic relations and cooperation between nations, as it fosters interdependence and mutual benefits. Trade also has the potential to influence geopolitical power dynamics, as countries with strong trade networks can leverage their economic influence for political purposes. Overall, trade is a vital element in statecraft as it impacts the prosperity, security, and global standing of nations.

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9. Shang

Shang is a term that refers to the Shang Dynasty, which was an ancient Chinese dynasty that ruled in the second millennium BC. China is the correct answer because it is the country associated with the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty is considered one of the earliest dynasties in Chinese history and was known for its advancements in bronze technology, writing system, and social hierarchy.

Explanation

Shang is a term that refers to the Shang Dynasty, which was an ancient Chinese dynasty that ruled in the second millennium BC. China is the correct answer because it is the country associated with the Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty is considered one of the earliest dynasties in Chinese history and was known for its advancements in bronze technology, writing system, and social hierarchy.

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10. Remains key means of transport while smog remains a problem for stone structures in Egypt

The Nile River is the correct answer because it is the main and most important means of transport in Egypt. It has been used for centuries as a transportation route for goods, people, and even building materials. Additionally, the presence of smog in Egypt poses a problem for stone structures, as the pollution can cause damage and deterioration. Therefore, the Nile River remains crucial for transportation purposes while smog continues to affect the preservation of stone structures in Egypt.

Explanation

The Nile River is the correct answer because it is the main and most important means of transport in Egypt. It has been used for centuries as a transportation route for goods, people, and even building materials. Additionally, the presence of smog in Egypt poses a problem for stone structures, as the pollution can cause damage and deterioration. Therefore, the Nile River remains crucial for transportation purposes while smog continues to affect the preservation of stone structures in Egypt.

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11. Regional, expansionary military and economics

The answer "Empires" is the most suitable option that encompasses the concepts of regional, expansionary military, and economics. Empires are large political entities that expand their territories through military conquests and control various regions. They often establish economic systems to exploit the resources and trade of the conquered regions. Therefore, the term "Empires" perfectly fits the given description.

Explanation

The answer "Empires" is the most suitable option that encompasses the concepts of regional, expansionary military, and economics. Empires are large political entities that expand their territories through military conquests and control various regions. They often establish economic systems to exploit the resources and trade of the conquered regions. Therefore, the term "Empires" perfectly fits the given description.

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12. Poor clay soils south of desert limited agriculture until __________ introduced in Africa

The introduction of metals in Africa helped overcome the limitations of poor clay soils, enabling improved agricultural practices. Metals such as iron and bronze were used to create tools and implements that made it easier to till the soil, plant crops, and harvest them efficiently. These tools increased productivity and allowed farmers to cultivate the land more effectively, leading to a significant improvement in agriculture in the region.

Explanation

The introduction of metals in Africa helped overcome the limitations of poor clay soils, enabling improved agricultural practices. Metals such as iron and bronze were used to create tools and implements that made it easier to till the soil, plant crops, and harvest them efficiently. These tools increased productivity and allowed farmers to cultivate the land more effectively, leading to a significant improvement in agriculture in the region.

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14.

Lowlands + Olmec + Maya/ Highlands Teotihuacan + Aztecs

Mesoamerica refers to the region in Central America where the civilizations of the Lowlands, Olmec, Maya, Highlands Teotihuacan, and Aztecs flourished. This region was home to various indigenous cultures and civilizations that developed complex social, political, and economic systems. The term "Mesoamerica" is used to encompass the shared cultural traits and historical developments of these civilizations, including their agricultural practices, religious beliefs, and artistic traditions. Therefore, Mesoamerica is the correct answer as it accurately represents the geographical and cultural context of the civilizations mentioned in the question.

Explanation

Mesoamerica refers to the region in Central America where the civilizations of the Lowlands, Olmec, Maya, Highlands Teotihuacan, and Aztecs flourished. This region was home to various indigenous cultures and civilizations that developed complex social, political, and economic systems. The term "Mesoamerica" is used to encompass the shared cultural traits and historical developments of these civilizations, including their agricultural practices, religious beliefs, and artistic traditions. Therefore, Mesoamerica is the correct answer as it accurately represents the geographical and cultural context of the civilizations mentioned in the question.

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15. In the basin of Mexico Highlands - Urban Center at height of 200,000 people - 200 BC – 600 AD – so contact with classic maya central part of the city – Street Of The Dead

Teotihuacan is the correct answer because it is the urban center located in the basin of Mexico Highlands with a population of 200,000 people. It existed from 200 BC to 600 AD and had contact with the classic Maya civilization, as evidenced by the presence of the Street of the Dead.

Explanation

Teotihuacan is the correct answer because it is the urban center located in the basin of Mexico Highlands with a population of 200,000 people. It existed from 200 BC to 600 AD and had contact with the classic Maya civilization, as evidenced by the presence of the Street of the Dead.

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16. In SE Asia trade went from china, india, se asia, to the

Trade in Southeast Asia during ancient times involved various regions, including China, India, Southeast Asia, and the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was a significant player in the global trade network, and its influence reached as far as Southeast Asia. The Romans traded various goods, such as silk, spices, and precious metals, with Southeast Asian kingdoms. This trade route facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences between these regions. Therefore, the statement suggests that trade in Southeast Asia followed a route from China and India to Southeast Asia and eventually reached the Roman Empire.

Explanation

Trade in Southeast Asia during ancient times involved various regions, including China, India, Southeast Asia, and the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was a significant player in the global trade network, and its influence reached as far as Southeast Asia. The Romans traded various goods, such as silk, spices, and precious metals, with Southeast Asian kingdoms. This trade route facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences between these regions. Therefore, the statement suggests that trade in Southeast Asia followed a route from China and India to Southeast Asia and eventually reached the Roman Empire.

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17. In africa what limited areas of settlement during specific times of year

In Africa, there are limited areas of settlement during specific times of the year due to the presence of diseases. This could be due to various factors such as the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria or the outbreak of contagious diseases. These diseases can pose a significant threat to human health and safety, making certain areas uninhabitable or risky for settlement. Therefore, people may avoid settling in these areas during specific times of the year to minimize the risk of contracting diseases.

Explanation

In Africa, there are limited areas of settlement during specific times of the year due to the presence of diseases. This could be due to various factors such as the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria or the outbreak of contagious diseases. These diseases can pose a significant threat to human health and safety, making certain areas uninhabitable or risky for settlement. Therefore, people may avoid settling in these areas during specific times of the year to minimize the risk of contracting diseases.

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18. Huge place! symbolic Hindu world over 1 million people lived here Documents indicate level of labor that was available Ex: - 306,372 people from 13,500 villages worked on the ___, eating 38,000 tons of rice per year

The given information describes a huge place that is a symbolic Hindu world and is inhabited by over 1 million people. The documents also mention the level of labor available in this place, stating that 306,372 people from 13,500 villages worked there. Additionally, it mentions the amount of rice consumed, which is 38,000 tons per year. Based on these details, it can be inferred that the correct answer is Angkor Wat, as it is a massive temple complex in Cambodia that was once the largest city in the world and had a significant Hindu population.

Explanation

The given information describes a huge place that is a symbolic Hindu world and is inhabited by over 1 million people. The documents also mention the level of labor available in this place, stating that 306,372 people from 13,500 villages worked there. Additionally, it mentions the amount of rice consumed, which is 38,000 tons per year. Based on these details, it can be inferred that the correct answer is Angkor Wat, as it is a massive temple complex in Cambodia that was once the largest city in the world and had a significant Hindu population.

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19. High feeder crop in moche

Maize is a high feeder crop in the Moche region. This means that maize requires a significant amount of nutrients from the soil to grow and thrive. The Moche region, known for its fertile soil, provides the ideal conditions for maize cultivation. Maize is a staple crop in many cultures, including the Moche civilization, and it was likely cultivated extensively in this region due to its high nutritional value and versatility in cooking. Its cultivation would have been crucial for sustaining the population and supporting the economy of the Moche civilization.

Explanation

Maize is a high feeder crop in the Moche region. This means that maize requires a significant amount of nutrients from the soil to grow and thrive. The Moche region, known for its fertile soil, provides the ideal conditions for maize cultivation. Maize is a staple crop in many cultures, including the Moche civilization, and it was likely cultivated extensively in this region due to its high nutritional value and versatility in cooking. Its cultivation would have been crucial for sustaining the population and supporting the economy of the Moche civilization.

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22. Egypt never developed _____ in response to ecology

Egypt never developed urban centers in response to ecology. This means that the development of urban centers in Egypt was not influenced or driven by ecological factors. The growth and establishment of cities in Egypt were not a result of considering the ecological needs or conditions of the region. The lack of this development in response to ecology suggests that other factors, such as historical, cultural, or economic considerations, played a more significant role in shaping the urban landscape of Egypt.

Explanation

Egypt never developed urban centers in response to ecology. This means that the development of urban centers in Egypt was not influenced or driven by ecological factors. The growth and establishment of cities in Egypt were not a result of considering the ecological needs or conditions of the region. The lack of this development in response to ecology suggests that other factors, such as historical, cultural, or economic considerations, played a more significant role in shaping the urban landscape of Egypt.

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23. Decline (collapse of Maya Civilization) 900 – 1200 AD all over maya lowlands populations decline due to several factors

- Population growth/carrying capacity limts

- Nucleated population around center (unstable)

- Soil Erosion/ Agri simulation

All of the above

The correct answer is "All of the above." The decline of the Maya civilization between 900 and 1200 AD was caused by several factors. Firstly, population growth had reached its carrying capacity, leading to resource scarcity and competition. Additionally, the nucleated population around urban centers created instability and vulnerability to political and social disruptions. Furthermore, soil erosion and agricultural stimulation further contributed to the decline by depleting the fertility of the land and reducing agricultural productivity. Therefore, all of these factors combined led to the decline of the Maya civilization.

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of the above." The decline of the Maya civilization between 900 and 1200 AD was caused by several factors. Firstly, population growth had reached its carrying capacity, leading to resource scarcity and competition. Additionally, the nucleated population around urban centers created instability and vulnerability to political and social disruptions. Furthermore, soil erosion and agricultural stimulation further contributed to the decline by depleting the fertility of the land and reducing agricultural productivity. Therefore, all of these factors combined led to the decline of the Maya civilization.

24. Decline (collapse of Maya Civilization) 900 – 1200 AD all over maya lowlands populations decline due to several factors which is not one of them

Deforestation

Pollen Data

Settlement chronology

Circumscribtion

The decline of the Maya civilization between 900 and 1200 AD was caused by several factors, but circumscription was not one of them. Circumscription refers to the process of population growth leading to competition for resources and territorial boundaries. While this may have been a factor in other civilizations' decline, it is not considered a significant factor in the collapse of the Maya civilization. Other factors such as deforestation, changes in settlement patterns, and shifts in climate and agricultural practices are believed to have played a more significant role in the decline.

Explanation

The decline of the Maya civilization between 900 and 1200 AD was caused by several factors, but circumscription was not one of them. Circumscription refers to the process of population growth leading to competition for resources and territorial boundaries. While this may have been a factor in other civilizations' decline, it is not considered a significant factor in the collapse of the Maya civilization. Other factors such as deforestation, changes in settlement patterns, and shifts in climate and agricultural practices are believed to have played a more significant role in the decline.

25. Class conflict Models

Neomarxian refers to a theoretical perspective that emerged as a critique of traditional Marxism. It focuses on the idea that social inequality and conflict are not solely determined by economic factors, but also by other forms of oppression such as race, gender, and nationality. Neomarxian models emphasize the importance of understanding the complexities of power relations and how they intersect with various social identities. These models aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of class conflict and social change in contemporary societies.

Explanation

Neomarxian refers to a theoretical perspective that emerged as a critique of traditional Marxism. It focuses on the idea that social inequality and conflict are not solely determined by economic factors, but also by other forms of oppression such as race, gender, and nationality. Neomarxian models emphasize the importance of understanding the complexities of power relations and how they intersect with various social identities. These models aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of class conflict and social change in contemporary societies.

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26. Cambodian conflict, killing fields, Angkor landmined during conflict, reconstruction slow. Most gruesome killings in History moved everyone and had many innocent people executed

Pol Pot was the leader of the Khmer Rouge, a communist group that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. During his regime, known as the Cambodian conflict, Pol Pot implemented radical policies that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million people, through execution, forced labor, and starvation. The "killing fields" refer to the sites where mass executions and burials took place. The conflict also led to the destruction of the Angkor temples and widespread landmines. The slow process of reconstruction in Cambodia after the conflict is due to the extensive damage caused by the regime.

Explanation

Pol Pot was the leader of the Khmer Rouge, a communist group that ruled Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. During his regime, known as the Cambodian conflict, Pol Pot implemented radical policies that resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1.7 million people, through execution, forced labor, and starvation. The "killing fields" refer to the sites where mass executions and burials took place. The conflict also led to the destruction of the Angkor temples and widespread landmines. The slow process of reconstruction in Cambodia after the conflict is due to the extensive damage caused by the regime.

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27. Ashoka believed in ______ and watch it spread with _____ ______

Ashoka believed in the principles of Buddhism and witnessed its influence spreading through the means of sea trade. As a devout follower of Buddhism, Ashoka promoted its teachings and values throughout his empire. He encouraged the spread of Buddhism by establishing missionary activities and sending envoys to different regions, including those accessible through sea trade routes. This allowed Buddhism to reach distant lands and gain followers beyond the borders of his empire. The combination of Ashoka's belief in Buddhism and the extensive network of sea trade played a significant role in the dissemination of the religion.

Explanation

Ashoka believed in the principles of Buddhism and witnessed its influence spreading through the means of sea trade. As a devout follower of Buddhism, Ashoka promoted its teachings and values throughout his empire. He encouraged the spread of Buddhism by establishing missionary activities and sending envoys to different regions, including those accessible through sea trade routes. This allowed Buddhism to reach distant lands and gain followers beyond the borders of his empire. The combination of Ashoka's belief in Buddhism and the extensive network of sea trade played a significant role in the dissemination of the religion.

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28. AD 1100-1500 was an internally formed state, that developed in response to gold, ivory, copper trade with asia along east coas

During the time period of AD 1100-1500, Great Zimbabwe emerged as a powerful state that was internally formed. This state developed in response to the lucrative trade of valuable resources such as gold, ivory, and copper with Asian countries along the east coast. The wealth generated from this trade allowed Great Zimbabwe to flourish and establish itself as a significant political and economic entity in the region. The impressive ruins of Great Zimbabwe, with their intricate stone structures, serve as a testament to the advanced civilization that thrived during this period.

Explanation

During the time period of AD 1100-1500, Great Zimbabwe emerged as a powerful state that was internally formed. This state developed in response to the lucrative trade of valuable resources such as gold, ivory, and copper with Asian countries along the east coast. The wealth generated from this trade allowed Great Zimbabwe to flourish and establish itself as a significant political and economic entity in the region. The impressive ruins of Great Zimbabwe, with their intricate stone structures, serve as a testament to the advanced civilization that thrived during this period.

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29. AD 0-900 height Guatemala, Belize, Honduras

The correct answer is Maya because during the time period of AD 0-900, the Maya civilization flourished in the regions of Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Maya people were known for their advanced agricultural practices, sophisticated writing system, impressive architecture, and complex calendar system. They left behind numerous ruins and artifacts that provide evidence of their rich culture and societal achievements. Therefore, the presence of the Maya civilization in these areas during the specified time frame makes Maya the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer is Maya because during the time period of AD 0-900, the Maya civilization flourished in the regions of Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Maya people were known for their advanced agricultural practices, sophisticated writing system, impressive architecture, and complex calendar system. They left behind numerous ruins and artifacts that provide evidence of their rich culture and societal achievements. Therefore, the presence of the Maya civilization in these areas during the specified time frame makes Maya the correct answer.

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30. 100 BC- 600 AD Elaborate kingdoms with God/King rulers

The Moche civilization existed from 100 BC to 600 AD and was known for its elaborate kingdoms with rulers who were considered god-kings. The Moche people had a complex social and political structure, with the ruler at the top of the hierarchy. They believed that their rulers had divine powers and were able to communicate with the gods. The Moche civilization left behind impressive architectural structures, intricate artwork, and advanced agricultural practices. They were skilled in pottery, metallurgy, and irrigation systems, which contributed to their prosperous and sophisticated kingdoms.

Explanation

The Moche civilization existed from 100 BC to 600 AD and was known for its elaborate kingdoms with rulers who were considered god-kings. The Moche people had a complex social and political structure, with the ruler at the top of the hierarchy. They believed that their rulers had divine powers and were able to communicate with the gods. The Moche civilization left behind impressive architectural structures, intricate artwork, and advanced agricultural practices. They were skilled in pottery, metallurgy, and irrigation systems, which contributed to their prosperous and sophisticated kingdoms.

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31. - Pyramids of the Sun (200X200m) and Moon (150X150) - Raised Field Agriculture – Chinampus - Decline of Teo unclear as to why

Teotihuacan is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in the Basin of Mexico. It is known for its impressive architectural structures, such as the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon. The city was also renowned for its advanced agricultural techniques, particularly the raised field agriculture known as Chinampus. Despite its significance, the decline of Teotihuacan remains unclear, as there is no clear explanation for why the city eventually fell.

Explanation

Teotihuacan is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in the Basin of Mexico. It is known for its impressive architectural structures, such as the Pyramids of the Sun and Moon. The city was also renowned for its advanced agricultural techniques, particularly the raised field agriculture known as Chinampus. Despite its significance, the decline of Teotihuacan remains unclear, as there is no clear explanation for why the city eventually fell.

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32. - Politically: Pharaoh, ruler, was a god-king, whose power was total - Exposed to multiple periods of unification and fragmentation, each time leading to a larger reunification, until roman takeover, which ends sequence

The given information suggests that the correct answer is "Egyptian". The mention of a god-king ruler, Pharaoh, indicates a connection to ancient Egypt. The reference to periods of unification and fragmentation aligns with Egypt's history of being united under various dynasties and then experiencing periods of division. The mention of Roman takeover further supports the association with ancient Egypt, as the Romans conquered Egypt in 30 BC. Therefore, the correct answer is Egyptian.

Explanation

The given information suggests that the correct answer is "Egyptian". The mention of a god-king ruler, Pharaoh, indicates a connection to ancient Egypt. The reference to periods of unification and fragmentation aligns with Egypt's history of being united under various dynasties and then experiencing periods of division. The mention of Roman takeover further supports the association with ancient Egypt, as the Romans conquered Egypt in 30 BC. Therefore, the correct answer is Egyptian.

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33. - May have been influenced by Sumerians but considered an independent state formation process - 2600 - 1570 BC

During the time period of 2600 - 1570 BC, the Egyptian civilization emerged. Although they may have been influenced by the Sumerians, the process of state formation in Egypt was considered independent. This means that while they may have borrowed certain ideas or concepts from the Sumerians, the Egyptians developed their own unique system of governance and cultural practices. This distinction highlights the individuality and significance of the Egyptian civilization during this time period.

Explanation

During the time period of 2600 - 1570 BC, the Egyptian civilization emerged. Although they may have been influenced by the Sumerians, the process of state formation in Egypt was considered independent. This means that while they may have borrowed certain ideas or concepts from the Sumerians, the Egyptians developed their own unique system of governance and cultural practices. This distinction highlights the individuality and significance of the Egyptian civilization during this time period.

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34. - Environment: irrigation river system, on alluvium fish, cattle protein sources, wheat, barley, millet, dates, olive trees, citrus fruits, etc. grown - Maritime Trade/ Control

Mesopotamia is the correct answer because the given information about the environment and resources aligns with the characteristics of ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which provided an irrigation system for agriculture. The region was known for its fertile alluvial soil, which supported the cultivation of various crops such as wheat, barley, millet, dates, olive trees, and citrus fruits. Additionally, Mesopotamia had access to maritime trade routes, which allowed for control and expansion of trade networks.

Explanation

Mesopotamia is the correct answer because the given information about the environment and resources aligns with the characteristics of ancient Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which provided an irrigation system for agriculture. The region was known for its fertile alluvial soil, which supported the cultivation of various crops such as wheat, barley, millet, dates, olive trees, and citrus fruits. Additionally, Mesopotamia had access to maritime trade routes, which allowed for control and expansion of trade networks.

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35. Gulf Coast and Yucatan – limestone kurst No rivers, Wet Humid, Swampy, Wet/Dry seasons

The given answer "Lowlands" is the most appropriate explanation for the given information about the Gulf Coast and Yucatan. The description of "limestone kurst," "No rivers," "Wet Humid, Swampy, Wet/Dry seasons," and "Lowlands" suggests that these regions are characterized by low-lying areas with limestone formations, lack of significant rivers, and a wet and humid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The term "Lowlands" accurately summarizes these geographical and climatic features.

Explanation

The given answer "Lowlands" is the most appropriate explanation for the given information about the Gulf Coast and Yucatan. The description of "limestone kurst," "No rivers," "Wet Humid, Swampy, Wet/Dry seasons," and "Lowlands" suggests that these regions are characterized by low-lying areas with limestone formations, lack of significant rivers, and a wet and humid climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The term "Lowlands" accurately summarizes these geographical and climatic features.

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36. Zhou divided the shang into a series of

Zhou divided the shang into a series of independent holdings. This means that Zhou implemented a system where the shang, which could refer to territories or regions, were divided into separate and autonomous units. Each of these units, known as independent holdings, would have their own governance and control over their respective territories. This division would have allowed for more localized administration and potentially greater efficiency in managing the shang as a whole.

Explanation

Zhou divided the shang into a series of independent holdings. This means that Zhou implemented a system where the shang, which could refer to territories or regions, were divided into separate and autonomous units. Each of these units, known as independent holdings, would have their own governance and control over their respective territories. This division would have allowed for more localized administration and potentially greater efficiency in managing the shang as a whole.

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37. Will start with true state systems. 2 words

The answer "Highland sequence" is a possible explanation for the given question. It suggests that the true state systems being referred to are related to a specific sequence or pattern known as the "Highland sequence." However, without further context or information, it is difficult to provide a more detailed explanation.

Explanation

The answer "Highland sequence" is a possible explanation for the given question. It suggests that the true state systems being referred to are related to a specific sequence or pattern known as the "Highland sequence." However, without further context or information, it is difficult to provide a more detailed explanation.

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38. Wide scale Warfare, empire building Major Social Stratification – calpulli units Population disrupted by diseases Spanish Conquest

The Aztecs were a civilization that experienced wide-scale warfare and engaged in empire building. They had a social structure based on calpulli units, which led to major social stratification within their society. Additionally, their population was disrupted by diseases brought by the Spanish during the conquest of their empire. Therefore, the given answer "Aztecs" is a valid explanation for the mentioned factors of wide-scale warfare, empire building, major social stratification, and population disruption.

Explanation

The Aztecs were a civilization that experienced wide-scale warfare and engaged in empire building. They had a social structure based on calpulli units, which led to major social stratification within their society. Additionally, their population was disrupted by diseases brought by the Spanish during the conquest of their empire. Therefore, the given answer "Aztecs" is a valid explanation for the mentioned factors of wide-scale warfare, empire building, major social stratification, and population disruption.

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39. When Jayavarman VII died, _______ preaching _____, ________, and ________ took over. Warfare became endemic

After the death of Jayavarman VII, the preaching and practice of Buddhism, equality, poverty, and abstinence took over. This shift in beliefs and values led to a society where warfare became widespread and constant. Buddhism emphasizes the importance of equality among all individuals, promoting a society where everyone is treated equally regardless of their social status. Poverty and abstinence are also key principles in Buddhism, encouraging individuals to live a simple and modest life. However, the combination of these beliefs and the absence of a strong central authority may have contributed to the rise of warfare as different factions and groups sought to assert their power and control.

Explanation

After the death of Jayavarman VII, the preaching and practice of Buddhism, equality, poverty, and abstinence took over. This shift in beliefs and values led to a society where warfare became widespread and constant. Buddhism emphasizes the importance of equality among all individuals, promoting a society where everyone is treated equally regardless of their social status. Poverty and abstinence are also key principles in Buddhism, encouraging individuals to live a simple and modest life. However, the combination of these beliefs and the absence of a strong central authority may have contributed to the rise of warfare as different factions and groups sought to assert their power and control.

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40. WHat was exchanged with this trade was

This trade involved the exchange of both ideas and goods. This suggests that not only were physical items traded, but also intellectual concepts and knowledge. This could have been through cultural interactions, sharing of techniques or technologies, or even the spread of ideas and beliefs. The trade was not limited to material possessions but also encompassed the exchange of intangible assets, contributing to the growth and development of societies involved in the trade.

Explanation

This trade involved the exchange of both ideas and goods. This suggests that not only were physical items traded, but also intellectual concepts and knowledge. This could have been through cultural interactions, sharing of techniques or technologies, or even the spread of ideas and beliefs. The trade was not limited to material possessions but also encompassed the exchange of intangible assets, contributing to the growth and development of societies involved in the trade.

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41. What are the two well known harappan civilization city's

The two well-known cities of the Harappan civilization are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. These cities were part of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, which flourished around 2600 to 1900 BCE in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were both highly advanced urban centers, characterized by well-planned layouts, advanced drainage systems, and sophisticated architecture. They were centers of trade, craftsmanship, and culture, and their ruins provide valuable insights into the ancient civilization's social, economic, and technological achievements.

Explanation

The two well-known cities of the Harappan civilization are Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. These cities were part of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, which flourished around 2600 to 1900 BCE in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were both highly advanced urban centers, characterized by well-planned layouts, advanced drainage systems, and sophisticated architecture. They were centers of trade, craftsmanship, and culture, and their ruins provide valuable insights into the ancient civilization's social, economic, and technological achievements.

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43. Today Believed _______ influenced civilization building, A series of small kingdoms unified by shared ritual s beliefs

The Olmec civilization is believed to have influenced civilization building due to their establishment of a series of small kingdoms that were unified by shared ritual beliefs. The Olmecs were an ancient Mesoamerican civilization that thrived from around 1200 to 400 BCE. They are considered one of the earliest complex societies in the region and are known for their monumental architecture, art, and religious practices. The Olmecs' ability to unite various smaller kingdoms under a common set of beliefs and rituals suggests their significant influence on the development of civilization in the region.

Explanation

The Olmec civilization is believed to have influenced civilization building due to their establishment of a series of small kingdoms that were unified by shared ritual beliefs. The Olmecs were an ancient Mesoamerican civilization that thrived from around 1200 to 400 BCE. They are considered one of the earliest complex societies in the region and are known for their monumental architecture, art, and religious practices. The Olmecs' ability to unite various smaller kingdoms under a common set of beliefs and rituals suggests their significant influence on the development of civilization in the region.

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44. This pattern of unification – fragmentation – reunification – fragmentation is a common one in ______ _______ world – wide.

The pattern of unification, fragmentation, reunification, and fragmentation is commonly observed in the process of State Building worldwide. This refers to the cyclical nature of the formation and dissolution of states throughout history. It signifies the continuous cycle of states coming together, breaking apart, reuniting, and then breaking apart again, which is a recurring phenomenon in the development of political entities.

Explanation

The pattern of unification, fragmentation, reunification, and fragmentation is commonly observed in the process of State Building worldwide. This refers to the cyclical nature of the formation and dissolution of states throughout history. It signifies the continuous cycle of states coming together, breaking apart, reuniting, and then breaking apart again, which is a recurring phenomenon in the development of political entities.

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46. The first large regional state in China. 1500

The Shang dynasty was the first large regional state in China that emerged around 1500 BCE. This dynasty marked a significant period in Chinese history, known for its advanced bronze technology, sophisticated writing system, and social structure. The Shang dynasty ruled over a vast territory and established a centralized government, making it the first major political entity in ancient China. Its cultural and artistic achievements had a lasting impact on Chinese civilization, setting the foundation for future dynasties.

Explanation

The Shang dynasty was the first large regional state in China that emerged around 1500 BCE. This dynasty marked a significant period in Chinese history, known for its advanced bronze technology, sophisticated writing system, and social structure. The Shang dynasty ruled over a vast territory and established a centralized government, making it the first major political entity in ancient China. Its cultural and artistic achievements had a lasting impact on Chinese civilization, setting the foundation for future dynasties.

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48. Temples at ____ were moved to prevent them from flooding in Egypt

The temples at Abu Simbel were moved to prevent them from flooding in Egypt. Flooding was a common occurrence in the area due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. To protect the temples from being submerged, a massive relocation project took place in the 1960s. The temples were carefully dismantled and reconstructed on higher ground, away from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. This relocation effort ensured the preservation of these ancient structures for future generations to admire and study.

Explanation

The temples at Abu Simbel were moved to prevent them from flooding in Egypt. Flooding was a common occurrence in the area due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. To protect the temples from being submerged, a massive relocation project took place in the 1960s. The temples were carefully dismantled and reconstructed on higher ground, away from the rising waters of Lake Nasser. This relocation effort ensured the preservation of these ancient structures for future generations to admire and study.

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49. Subsistence in Moche Based on

The correct answer is maize, beans, and fish. This suggests that subsistence in the Moche civilization was based on these three main food sources. Maize, beans, and fish were likely the primary crops and protein sources for the Moche people, indicating that these items played a crucial role in their diet and sustenance.

Explanation

The correct answer is maize, beans, and fish. This suggests that subsistence in the Moche civilization was based on these three main food sources. Maize, beans, and fish were likely the primary crops and protein sources for the Moche people, indicating that these items played a crucial role in their diet and sustenance.

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50. Subsistence based similar to Moche, Coastal plain warfare/raiding also similar Elaborate Gold, Pottery, and textile working

The Chimu civilization had a subsistence-based economy similar to the Moche civilization, relying on agriculture for their livelihood. They also engaged in warfare and raiding activities similar to the Coastal plain people. The Chimu were known for their elaborate gold, pottery, and textile working, showcasing their advanced craftsmanship and artistic skills.

Explanation

The Chimu civilization had a subsistence-based economy similar to the Moche civilization, relying on agriculture for their livelihood. They also engaged in warfare and raiding activities similar to the Coastal plain people. The Chimu were known for their elaborate gold, pottery, and textile working, showcasing their advanced craftsmanship and artistic skills.

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51. Stronger support for chiefdoms in lower mekong created as had more access to control

Sea trade provided stronger support for chiefdoms in the lower Mekong region because it gave them more access to control. Through sea trade, chiefdoms were able to establish and maintain economic and political dominance by controlling the flow of goods and resources. This allowed them to accumulate wealth, establish alliances, and exert control over neighboring communities. The access to sea trade routes provided chiefdoms with a strategic advantage, enabling them to expand their influence and solidify their power in the region.

Explanation

Sea trade provided stronger support for chiefdoms in the lower Mekong region because it gave them more access to control. Through sea trade, chiefdoms were able to establish and maintain economic and political dominance by controlling the flow of goods and resources. This allowed them to accumulate wealth, establish alliances, and exert control over neighboring communities. The access to sea trade routes provided chiefdoms with a strategic advantage, enabling them to expand their influence and solidify their power in the region.

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52. Stratified social classes, politically centralized government, Market Economy, Full Time Craft Specialization, Taxation supports interior/exterior regulations, graded court system, Variety of settlement types

The given answer "State" is the most appropriate choice because all the listed characteristics - stratified social classes, politically centralized government, market economy, full-time craft specialization, taxation supporting regulations, graded court system, and variety of settlement types - are typically associated with a state. A state is a political entity that has a centralized government and exercises authority over a defined territory. It usually has social hierarchies, economic systems, legal systems, and various types of settlements. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned align with the concept of a state.

Explanation

The given answer "State" is the most appropriate choice because all the listed characteristics - stratified social classes, politically centralized government, market economy, full-time craft specialization, taxation supporting regulations, graded court system, and variety of settlement types - are typically associated with a state. A state is a political entity that has a centralized government and exercises authority over a defined territory. It usually has social hierarchies, economic systems, legal systems, and various types of settlements. Therefore, the characteristics mentioned align with the concept of a state.

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53. States founded on ______ __ ______ _______ that other civilizations wanted

This answer suggests that states were founded on the basis of engaging in trade in luxury goods. This means that these states were established with the intention of participating in the exchange of high-end and valuable products with other civilizations. The trade in luxury goods likely played a significant role in the economic development and prosperity of these states.

Explanation

This answer suggests that states were founded on the basis of engaging in trade in luxury goods. This means that these states were established with the intention of participating in the exchange of high-end and valuable products with other civilizations. The trade in luxury goods likely played a significant role in the economic development and prosperity of these states.

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54. Significant warfare/ raiding war captives E;aborate royal burials with Jade, Gold, Etc

The Moche civilization was known for their significant warfare and raiding activities, which resulted in the capture of war captives. This is supported by archaeological evidence of elaborate royal burials that contained valuable materials such as jade and gold. These burials suggest that the Moche society placed great importance on displaying wealth and power in death, possibly as a way to legitimize their authority and intimidate their enemies. Therefore, the given answer of "Moche" aligns with the information provided.

Explanation

The Moche civilization was known for their significant warfare and raiding activities, which resulted in the capture of war captives. This is supported by archaeological evidence of elaborate royal burials that contained valuable materials such as jade and gold. These burials suggest that the Moche society placed great importance on displaying wealth and power in death, possibly as a way to legitimize their authority and intimidate their enemies. Therefore, the given answer of "Moche" aligns with the information provided.

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55. Shang were best known for _______ _________ ________ __________ which was most likely caused by constant warfare

The Shang civilization was best known for their bronze working mold process. This technique allowed them to create intricate and sophisticated bronze artifacts, such as weapons, tools, and ceremonial objects. The constant warfare that the Shang engaged in likely contributed to the development and refinement of this process, as they needed advanced weaponry and armor to maintain their military dominance.

Explanation

The Shang civilization was best known for their bronze working mold process. This technique allowed them to create intricate and sophisticated bronze artifacts, such as weapons, tools, and ceremonial objects. The constant warfare that the Shang engaged in likely contributed to the development and refinement of this process, as they needed advanced weaponry and armor to maintain their military dominance.

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57. Rivers in africa like Niger lack ______ ________ or _____ ____ making them less productive agriculturally

Rivers in Africa like Niger lack consistent flood regimes and alluvial soils, which contributes to their lower agricultural productivity. Flood regimes refer to the regular patterns of flooding that deposit nutrient-rich sediments onto the surrounding land, providing fertile soil for crops. Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of sediment by rivers, and they are typically very fertile. Without these factors, the rivers in Africa like Niger have less productive agricultural land.

Explanation

Rivers in Africa like Niger lack consistent flood regimes and alluvial soils, which contributes to their lower agricultural productivity. Flood regimes refer to the regular patterns of flooding that deposit nutrient-rich sediments onto the surrounding land, providing fertile soil for crops. Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of sediment by rivers, and they are typically very fertile. Without these factors, the rivers in Africa like Niger have less productive agricultural land.

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61. Ranked, centralized chiefdoms, Display, Feasting ritual, ancestor worship all keys, constant political flux, no fixed boundries, Situation in all Mekong region

The answer "100 BC SE Asia" refers to the time period and geographical location of Southeast Asia in the year 100 BC. During this time, the region experienced a situation characterized by ranked, centralized chiefdoms, display of power, feasting rituals, and ancestor worship being key elements of their political systems. The region was in a constant state of political flux, with no fixed boundaries. This answer provides a concise description of the political and cultural landscape of Southeast Asia during the specified time period.

Explanation

The answer "100 BC SE Asia" refers to the time period and geographical location of Southeast Asia in the year 100 BC. During this time, the region experienced a situation characterized by ranked, centralized chiefdoms, display of power, feasting rituals, and ancestor worship being key elements of their political systems. The region was in a constant state of political flux, with no fixed boundaries. This answer provides a concise description of the political and cultural landscape of Southeast Asia during the specified time period.

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62. Queens Pyramid complex in Egypt that wasnt as favored as the men

The Giza Complex in Egypt is a well-known pyramid complex that includes the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure. It is considered one of the most iconic and popular tourist attractions in Egypt. The complex is not only famous for its architectural marvels but also for its historical significance. The Giza Complex has been extensively studied and explored by archaeologists, historians, and researchers, making it a favored site for understanding ancient Egyptian civilization.

Explanation

The Giza Complex in Egypt is a well-known pyramid complex that includes the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Pyramid of Khafre, and the Pyramid of Menkaure. It is considered one of the most iconic and popular tourist attractions in Egypt. The complex is not only famous for its architectural marvels but also for its historical significance. The Giza Complex has been extensively studied and explored by archaeologists, historians, and researchers, making it a favored site for understanding ancient Egyptian civilization.

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64. Natural Barrier in Africa

The Sahara Desert is considered a natural barrier in Africa due to its vast size and harsh conditions. It spans over 9 million square kilometers, making it the largest hot desert in the world. Its extreme temperatures, lack of water sources, and vast stretches of sand dunes make it difficult for humans and animals to cross. This creates a physical barrier that separates regions and hinders movement, making it a significant obstacle for trade, migration, and communication in the continent.

Explanation

The Sahara Desert is considered a natural barrier in Africa due to its vast size and harsh conditions. It spans over 9 million square kilometers, making it the largest hot desert in the world. Its extreme temperatures, lack of water sources, and vast stretches of sand dunes make it difficult for humans and animals to cross. This creates a physical barrier that separates regions and hinders movement, making it a significant obstacle for trade, migration, and communication in the continent.

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65. Most complex ecosystems supporting civilization, seasonal fluctuations extreme, perfect for continuous rice cultivation

The Tonle/Sa ecosystem is considered one of the most complex ecosystems supporting civilization. This is because it experiences extreme seasonal fluctuations, which are perfect for continuous rice cultivation. The ecosystem's unique characteristics, such as the Tonle Sap lake and the surrounding floodplains, create an ideal environment for rice farming. The seasonal fluctuations, including the annual flooding and receding of the lake, provide the necessary water and nutrients for rice cultivation. This ecosystem has been crucial for sustaining civilizations in the region for centuries.

Explanation

The Tonle/Sa ecosystem is considered one of the most complex ecosystems supporting civilization. This is because it experiences extreme seasonal fluctuations, which are perfect for continuous rice cultivation. The ecosystem's unique characteristics, such as the Tonle Sap lake and the surrounding floodplains, create an ideal environment for rice farming. The seasonal fluctuations, including the annual flooding and receding of the lake, provide the necessary water and nutrients for rice cultivation. This ecosystem has been crucial for sustaining civilizations in the region for centuries.

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66. Minoans + Greece/Roman

The Minoans were an ancient civilization that existed on the island of Crete, which is located in modern-day Greece. The Greeks and Romans are also known for their historical presence in Europe. Therefore, the answer "Europe" is correct as it encompasses the geographical region where the Minoans, Greeks, and Romans were located.

Explanation

The Minoans were an ancient civilization that existed on the island of Crete, which is located in modern-day Greece. The Greeks and Romans are also known for their historical presence in Europe. Therefore, the answer "Europe" is correct as it encompasses the geographical region where the Minoans, Greeks, and Romans were located.

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68. Massive irrigation/ Terrace systems developed Evidence of El Nino flooding impacting _____ around 582 AD

The correct answer is Moche. The evidence of El Nino flooding impacting the Moche civilization around 582 AD suggests that the Moche people developed massive irrigation and terrace systems to deal with the flooding. These systems would have been necessary to control the water flow and prevent damage to their agricultural lands. This indicates that the Moche civilization was highly advanced in terms of their agricultural practices and engineering skills.

Explanation

The correct answer is Moche. The evidence of El Nino flooding impacting the Moche civilization around 582 AD suggests that the Moche people developed massive irrigation and terrace systems to deal with the flooding. These systems would have been necessary to control the water flow and prevent damage to their agricultural lands. This indicates that the Moche civilization was highly advanced in terms of their agricultural practices and engineering skills.

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71. Kingdoms and Periods were apart of which society or civil

The correct answer is Egyptian Civilization because the question asks about the societies or civilizations that included Kingdoms and Periods, and the Egyptian Civilization is known for its ancient Kingdoms and distinct Periods such as the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.

Explanation

The correct answer is Egyptian Civilization because the question asks about the societies or civilizations that included Kingdoms and Periods, and the Egyptian Civilization is known for its ancient Kingdoms and distinct Periods such as the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.

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72. Khmer monarch _________ merged kingdoms into single state with himself as supreme king/god

Jayavarman II was a Khmer monarch who is known for merging multiple kingdoms into a single state and declaring himself as the supreme king or god. He established the Khmer Empire and is considered the founder of the Angkor period. His actions of unifying the kingdoms and proclaiming himself as the supreme ruler helped to consolidate his power and establish a centralized authority in the region. This marked a significant turning point in Khmer history and laid the foundation for the subsequent greatness of the Khmer Empire.

Explanation

Jayavarman II was a Khmer monarch who is known for merging multiple kingdoms into a single state and declaring himself as the supreme king or god. He established the Khmer Empire and is considered the founder of the Angkor period. His actions of unifying the kingdoms and proclaiming himself as the supreme ruler helped to consolidate his power and establish a centralized authority in the region. This marked a significant turning point in Khmer history and laid the foundation for the subsequent greatness of the Khmer Empire.

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75. Irrigation, Crop complexes, religious systems

The given answer, "Subsistence technologies," refers to the methods and techniques used by a society to obtain food and other resources necessary for survival. Irrigation, crop complexes, and religious systems are all examples of subsistence technologies. Irrigation is a method of supplying water to crops, which is essential for agriculture and food production. Crop complexes refer to the cultivation of multiple crops in a specific area, allowing for a diverse and sustainable food supply. Religious systems can also play a role in subsistence technologies by influencing agricultural practices and rituals related to food production. Therefore, "Subsistence technologies" is a suitable explanation for the given answer.

Explanation

The given answer, "Subsistence technologies," refers to the methods and techniques used by a society to obtain food and other resources necessary for survival. Irrigation, crop complexes, and religious systems are all examples of subsistence technologies. Irrigation is a method of supplying water to crops, which is essential for agriculture and food production. Crop complexes refer to the cultivation of multiple crops in a specific area, allowing for a diverse and sustainable food supply. Religious systems can also play a role in subsistence technologies by influencing agricultural practices and rituals related to food production. Therefore, "Subsistence technologies" is a suitable explanation for the given answer.

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76. India 200 BC emporer

Asoka was an emperor of India during the 3rd century BC. He is known for his conversion to Buddhism and his efforts to spread the teachings of this religion throughout his empire. Asoka is also remembered for his policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and social welfare. Under his rule, India experienced a period of relative peace and prosperity. Asoka's reign is considered a significant turning point in Indian history and his legacy as a wise and just ruler is still celebrated today.

Explanation

Asoka was an emperor of India during the 3rd century BC. He is known for his conversion to Buddhism and his efforts to spread the teachings of this religion throughout his empire. Asoka is also remembered for his policies of non-violence, religious tolerance, and social welfare. Under his rule, India experienced a period of relative peace and prosperity. Asoka's reign is considered a significant turning point in Indian history and his legacy as a wise and just ruler is still celebrated today.

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77. In Africa the Agriculture developed on

Agriculture in Africa developed independently, without significant influence or assistance from other regions or civilizations. This implies that African communities and societies were able to develop their own agricultural practices, techniques, and knowledge, tailored to their specific environments and needs. This self-sufficiency in agricultural development highlights the ingenuity and resourcefulness of African communities in adapting to their surroundings and sustaining their livelihoods through farming.

Explanation

Agriculture in Africa developed independently, without significant influence or assistance from other regions or civilizations. This implies that African communities and societies were able to develop their own agricultural practices, techniques, and knowledge, tailored to their specific environments and needs. This self-sufficiency in agricultural development highlights the ingenuity and resourcefulness of African communities in adapting to their surroundings and sustaining their livelihoods through farming.

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78. In 200 BC in Egypt what stone was seen

In 200 BC, the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt. The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele that was inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. It is significant because it contains the same text in three different scripts: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. This discovery played a crucial role in deciphering hieroglyphs and understanding the ancient Egyptian civilization.

Explanation

In 200 BC, the Rosetta Stone was discovered in Egypt. The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele that was inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. It is significant because it contains the same text in three different scripts: Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. This discovery played a crucial role in deciphering hieroglyphs and understanding the ancient Egyptian civilization.

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80. Hydraulic Irrigation Hypothesys Creator

Karl Wittfogel is credited with creating the Hydraulic Irrigation Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the development of large-scale irrigation systems in ancient societies led to the rise of centralized, authoritarian governments. According to Wittfogel, the need to manage and control water resources for irrigation purposes created a hierarchical system where those in power controlled the distribution of water and thus gained political control. This hypothesis has been influential in understanding the relationship between water management, political power, and societal organization in ancient civilizations.

Explanation

Karl Wittfogel is credited with creating the Hydraulic Irrigation Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that the development of large-scale irrigation systems in ancient societies led to the rise of centralized, authoritarian governments. According to Wittfogel, the need to manage and control water resources for irrigation purposes created a hierarchical system where those in power controlled the distribution of water and thus gained political control. This hypothesis has been influential in understanding the relationship between water management, political power, and societal organization in ancient civilizations.

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81. Hot, semitropical forest, limestone kurst base, no rivers, rainfall highly seasonal

Maya Ecology refers to the study of the environmental conditions and ecosystems that existed in the ancient Maya civilization. The given description of a hot, semitropical forest with a limestone kurst base and no rivers, where rainfall is highly seasonal, provides valuable insight into the specific ecological conditions that the Maya people lived in. This information helps us understand the unique challenges and adaptations that the Maya civilization had to develop in order to thrive in this particular environment.

Explanation

Maya Ecology refers to the study of the environmental conditions and ecosystems that existed in the ancient Maya civilization. The given description of a hot, semitropical forest with a limestone kurst base and no rivers, where rainfall is highly seasonal, provides valuable insight into the specific ecological conditions that the Maya people lived in. This information helps us understand the unique challenges and adaptations that the Maya civilization had to develop in order to thrive in this particular environment.

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82. Harappan Civilization had a wide range of social class other wise known as

The Harappan Civilization had a wide range of social classes, which is also known as stratification. This means that the society was divided into different levels or layers based on factors such as occupation, wealth, and social status. This stratification allowed for a hierarchical structure within the civilization, with some individuals holding more power and privilege than others.

Explanation

The Harappan Civilization had a wide range of social classes, which is also known as stratification. This means that the society was divided into different levels or layers based on factors such as occupation, wealth, and social status. This stratification allowed for a hierarchical structure within the civilization, with some individuals holding more power and privilege than others.

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84. Had 7 capital cities, along huang ho river

The Shang Civilization had 7 capital cities along the Huang Ho River. This suggests that the Shang Civilization was a significant and advanced civilization that had a well-developed political and administrative system. The presence of multiple capital cities also indicates that the Shang Civilization was geographically extensive and had a centralized power structure. The Huang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, was a vital waterway in ancient China, and the fact that the Shang Civilization established its capitals along this river highlights the importance of water resources for their agricultural and economic activities.

Explanation

The Shang Civilization had 7 capital cities along the Huang Ho River. This suggests that the Shang Civilization was a significant and advanced civilization that had a well-developed political and administrative system. The presence of multiple capital cities also indicates that the Shang Civilization was geographically extensive and had a centralized power structure. The Huang Ho River, also known as the Yellow River, was a vital waterway in ancient China, and the fact that the Shang Civilization established its capitals along this river highlights the importance of water resources for their agricultural and economic activities.

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85. Ghana, Mali, and Songhay, arose about AD 800-1550 in response to

The civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay emerged between AD 800-1550 as a result of the lucrative gold, ivory, salt, and slave trade. These West African empires had abundant resources, including gold mines that attracted traders from North Africa and the Middle East. The trade in ivory, salt, and slaves further fueled their economic growth and political power. The wealth generated from these trades allowed these empires to flourish and develop sophisticated societies with advanced political systems, cultural achievements, and architectural wonders like the Great Mosque of Djenné.

Explanation

The civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhay emerged between AD 800-1550 as a result of the lucrative gold, ivory, salt, and slave trade. These West African empires had abundant resources, including gold mines that attracted traders from North Africa and the Middle East. The trade in ivory, salt, and slaves further fueled their economic growth and political power. The wealth generated from these trades allowed these empires to flourish and develop sophisticated societies with advanced political systems, cultural achievements, and architectural wonders like the Great Mosque of Djenné.

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86. Form of political ____ _____ varied widely

The phrase "form of political ____ _____" suggests that the missing word should be related to politics. The word "varied widely" indicates that there are different forms or types of this political concept. The correct answer, "state craft," fits this context as it refers to the skill or art of governing a state or country. State craft can encompass a range of political strategies, tactics, and policies, which aligns with the idea of varied forms of political practice.

Explanation

The phrase "form of political ____ _____" suggests that the missing word should be related to politics. The word "varied widely" indicates that there are different forms or types of this political concept. The correct answer, "state craft," fits this context as it refers to the skill or art of governing a state or country. State craft can encompass a range of political strategies, tactics, and policies, which aligns with the idea of varied forms of political practice.

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87. Foreign Sea Traders enter the Picture in SE Asia in

The correct answer is AD 1 because this is the year when foreign sea traders first entered Southeast Asia. This suggests that prior to this year, trade in the region was primarily conducted through land routes or by local traders. The arrival of foreign sea traders likely brought new goods, technologies, and cultural influences to Southeast Asia, leading to significant changes in the region's economy and society.

Explanation

The correct answer is AD 1 because this is the year when foreign sea traders first entered Southeast Asia. This suggests that prior to this year, trade in the region was primarily conducted through land routes or by local traders. The arrival of foreign sea traders likely brought new goods, technologies, and cultural influences to Southeast Asia, leading to significant changes in the region's economy and society.

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88.

Flooding Along Indus
Shifts in trade patterns
Changes in rivers leading to rice cultivation along ganges by 1500 BC
Chronic deforestation/ Soil Erosion
Landform uplift altering river drainage

The given options suggest various factors that could have contributed to the decline of the Harappan civilization. These factors include flooding along the Indus, shifts in trade patterns, changes in rivers leading to rice cultivation along the Ganges, chronic deforestation/soil erosion, and landform uplift altering river drainage. Without more context or information, it is difficult to determine which specific factor led to the decline of the Harappan civilization.

Explanation

The given options suggest various factors that could have contributed to the decline of the Harappan civilization. These factors include flooding along the Indus, shifts in trade patterns, changes in rivers leading to rice cultivation along the Ganges, chronic deforestation/soil erosion, and landform uplift altering river drainage. Without more context or information, it is difficult to determine which specific factor led to the decline of the Harappan civilization.

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91. Egyptians 2 main languages

The correct answer is Heiroglyphics and Classical. The Egyptians had two main languages: Heiroglyphics, which was a system of writing using pictorial symbols, and Classical, which was a more formal and structured language used for literature and official documents. Heiroglyphics was primarily used for religious and monumental inscriptions, while Classical was used for everyday communication and writing. These two languages played a significant role in Egyptian culture and history.

Explanation

The correct answer is Heiroglyphics and Classical. The Egyptians had two main languages: Heiroglyphics, which was a system of writing using pictorial symbols, and Classical, which was a more formal and structured language used for literature and official documents. Heiroglyphics was primarily used for religious and monumental inscriptions, while Classical was used for everyday communication and writing. These two languages played a significant role in Egyptian culture and history.

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92. Developed _______ in angkor to oversee life of people

The term "bureaucracy" refers to a system of government in which decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives. In the context of the given question, it suggests that a bureaucratic system was developed in Angkor to oversee the life of the people. This implies that there was a structured administrative system in place to manage and regulate various aspects of society, such as governance, law enforcement, and public services. The use of bureaucracy indicates a centralized authority and a formalized approach to governing the people in Angkor.

Explanation

The term "bureaucracy" refers to a system of government in which decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives. In the context of the given question, it suggests that a bureaucratic system was developed in Angkor to oversee the life of the people. This implies that there was a structured administrative system in place to manage and regulate various aspects of society, such as governance, law enforcement, and public services. The use of bureaucracy indicates a centralized authority and a formalized approach to governing the people in Angkor.

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94. Destabilized bureaucracy by assigning elite direct power in decisions. Ensuing corruption destabilized state system

Jayavarman VII destabilized the bureaucracy by giving direct power to the elite, which led to corruption and ultimately destabilized the state system. This suggests that Jayavarman VII's decision to assign direct power to the elite resulted in negative consequences for the governance of the state.

Explanation

Jayavarman VII destabilized the bureaucracy by giving direct power to the elite, which led to corruption and ultimately destabilized the state system. This suggests that Jayavarman VII's decision to assign direct power to the elite resulted in negative consequences for the governance of the state.

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96. Created in the shang dynasty between 1500-1200 . 3 words

During the Shang Dynasty, which existed between 1500-1200 BC, massive royal cemeteries were created. These cemeteries were built to honor and bury the Shang rulers and members of the royal family. The term "massive" suggests that these cemeteries were of significant size and grandeur, reflecting the power and status of the Shang Dynasty. These cemeteries were likely important cultural and religious sites, serving as a final resting place for the elite members of society and potentially containing valuable artifacts and treasures.

Explanation

During the Shang Dynasty, which existed between 1500-1200 BC, massive royal cemeteries were created. These cemeteries were built to honor and bury the Shang rulers and members of the royal family. The term "massive" suggests that these cemeteries were of significant size and grandeur, reflecting the power and status of the Shang Dynasty. These cemeteries were likely important cultural and religious sites, serving as a final resting place for the elite members of society and potentially containing valuable artifacts and treasures.

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97. Circumscription, Population Growth, Class Conflicts, Warfare, Trade, and Substinence technologies are all

The given answer is correct because circumscription, population growth, class conflicts, warfare, trade, and subsistence technologies are all factors that are influenced by or have an impact on the environment. Circumscription refers to the limitations imposed by the physical environment on human societies, while population growth and class conflicts can be influenced by resource availability and distribution. Warfare can be driven by competition over resources, and trade involves the exchange of goods and resources between different environments. Subsistence technologies are the methods used by societies to obtain food and resources from the environment. Therefore, all of these factors can be considered as environmental variables.

Explanation

The given answer is correct because circumscription, population growth, class conflicts, warfare, trade, and subsistence technologies are all factors that are influenced by or have an impact on the environment. Circumscription refers to the limitations imposed by the physical environment on human societies, while population growth and class conflicts can be influenced by resource availability and distribution. Warfare can be driven by competition over resources, and trade involves the exchange of goods and resources between different environments. Subsistence technologies are the methods used by societies to obtain food and resources from the environment. Therefore, all of these factors can be considered as environmental variables.

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98. Chinese Civilizations had the earliest _____ known via legend

Chinese Civilizations had the earliest form of political organization known as chiefdoms, as per legend. Chiefdoms were hierarchical societies led by a chief or a leader who held significant power and authority. These societies were characterized by social stratification, economic specialization, and centralized decision-making. The concept of chiefdoms in ancient China suggests that they were among the earliest political systems to emerge in the region, playing a crucial role in shaping the early Chinese civilizations.

Explanation

Chinese Civilizations had the earliest form of political organization known as chiefdoms, as per legend. Chiefdoms were hierarchical societies led by a chief or a leader who held significant power and authority. These societies were characterized by social stratification, economic specialization, and centralized decision-making. The concept of chiefdoms in ancient China suggests that they were among the earliest political systems to emerge in the region, playing a crucial role in shaping the early Chinese civilizations.

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99. Cedar, lapis, metal ore, ceramics

The given answer suggests that cedar, lapis, metal ore, and ceramics were trade resources in Harappan civilization. This implies that these items were valuable commodities that were exchanged or sold between different regions or cities within the Harappan civilization. The trade of these resources would have played a significant role in the economic and cultural exchange within the civilization, contributing to its overall development and prosperity.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that cedar, lapis, metal ore, and ceramics were trade resources in Harappan civilization. This implies that these items were valuable commodities that were exchanged or sold between different regions or cities within the Harappan civilization. The trade of these resources would have played a significant role in the economic and cultural exchange within the civilization, contributing to its overall development and prosperity.

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100. By 221 the whole china region area was reunified by what dynasty

The Han Dynasty reunified the whole China region area by 221. This dynasty was known for its strong central government, efficient bureaucracy, and expansionist policies. Under the Han Dynasty, China experienced a period of stability and prosperity, with advancements in agriculture, technology, and trade. The Han Dynasty's reunification of China helped to establish a unified cultural and political identity that would shape the country's history for centuries to come.

Explanation

The Han Dynasty reunified the whole China region area by 221. This dynasty was known for its strong central government, efficient bureaucracy, and expansionist policies. Under the Han Dynasty, China experienced a period of stability and prosperity, with advancements in agriculture, technology, and trade. The Han Dynasty's reunification of China helped to establish a unified cultural and political identity that would shape the country's history for centuries to come.

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101. Between many chiefdoms lead to political unification of the first large regional state in China

The correct answer is "Warfare." The statement suggests that the political unification of the first large regional state in China was a result of conflicts and battles between numerous chiefdoms. This implies that warfare played a significant role in bringing about the consolidation of power and the formation of a unified state.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Warfare." The statement suggests that the political unification of the first large regional state in China was a result of conflicts and battles between numerous chiefdoms. This implies that warfare played a significant role in bringing about the consolidation of power and the formation of a unified state.

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102. Best known population to decline in Maya period is

During the Maya period, Copan, Honduras experienced a significant decline in its population. This is supported by archaeological evidence, which shows a decrease in the number of buildings and structures in the city. Additionally, the abandonment of certain areas and the lack of new construction further indicate a decline in population. The reasons for this decline could be attributed to factors such as environmental degradation, warfare, political instability, or economic collapse. However, without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact cause of the population decline in Copan, Honduras during the Maya period.

Explanation

During the Maya period, Copan, Honduras experienced a significant decline in its population. This is supported by archaeological evidence, which shows a decrease in the number of buildings and structures in the city. Additionally, the abandonment of certain areas and the lack of new construction further indicate a decline in population. The reasons for this decline could be attributed to factors such as environmental degradation, warfare, political instability, or economic collapse. However, without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact cause of the population decline in Copan, Honduras during the Maya period.

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105. Along small river valleys of Peru's coastal plain

The term "lowland sequence" refers to a series or sequence of lowland areas. In the context of the given information about small river valleys in Peru's coastal plain, it suggests that there is a continuous pattern or arrangement of low-lying areas along these river valleys. This could indicate a geological or topographical feature where the land gradually slopes down or becomes lower as it follows the course of the river valleys. It implies a consistent pattern of lowland areas, possibly influenced by the flow of water and erosion processes.

Explanation

The term "lowland sequence" refers to a series or sequence of lowland areas. In the context of the given information about small river valleys in Peru's coastal plain, it suggests that there is a continuous pattern or arrangement of low-lying areas along these river valleys. This could indicate a geological or topographical feature where the land gradually slopes down or becomes lower as it follows the course of the river valleys. It implies a consistent pattern of lowland areas, possibly influenced by the flow of water and erosion processes.

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106. All of the kingdoms started as _______ which _______

The correct answer is "Chiefdoms Unified". This suggests that all of the kingdoms began as chiefdoms, which eventually came together or unified. This implies that the chiefdoms merged or collaborated in some way to form the kingdoms.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Chiefdoms Unified". This suggests that all of the kingdoms began as chiefdoms, which eventually came together or unified. This implies that the chiefdoms merged or collaborated in some way to form the kingdoms.

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107. All kingdoms dissolved via _______, ______ disruptions or ________ callapse into a period of petty local states

The correct answer is "Warfare Trade Ecological." This suggests that all kingdoms dissolved due to a combination of warfare, disruptions in trade, and ecological collapse. These factors likely led to a breakdown in political and economic systems, resulting in the formation of smaller, local states.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Warfare Trade Ecological." This suggests that all kingdoms dissolved due to a combination of warfare, disruptions in trade, and ecological collapse. These factors likely led to a breakdown in political and economic systems, resulting in the formation of smaller, local states.

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108. AD 802-1430

The given answer "Angkor State" is the correct answer because it accurately identifies the time period and location mentioned in the question. The period AD 802-1430 refers to the existence of the Angkor Empire, which was a powerful state in Southeast Asia. The empire was centered around the city of Angkor, which is now located in modern-day Cambodia. During its peak, the Angkor Empire was known for its impressive architecture, including the famous Angkor Wat temple complex. Therefore, "Angkor State" is the appropriate answer based on the information provided.

Explanation

The given answer "Angkor State" is the correct answer because it accurately identifies the time period and location mentioned in the question. The period AD 802-1430 refers to the existence of the Angkor Empire, which was a powerful state in Southeast Asia. The empire was centered around the city of Angkor, which is now located in modern-day Cambodia. During its peak, the Angkor Empire was known for its impressive architecture, including the famous Angkor Wat temple complex. Therefore, "Angkor State" is the appropriate answer based on the information provided.

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109. Accept various variables with differing impacts in different areas leading to unique state formation trajectories (None of these necessarily right or wrong)

The correct answer is "multifactor approaches." This suggests that when it comes to state formation trajectories, there are various variables that come into play, and these variables can have different impacts in different areas. This implies that there is no one-size-fits-all approach or a single right or wrong answer when it comes to understanding how states are formed. Instead, a multifactor approach is needed to account for the complexities and unique factors that shape state formation trajectories.

Explanation

The correct answer is "multifactor approaches." This suggests that when it comes to state formation trajectories, there are various variables that come into play, and these variables can have different impacts in different areas. This implies that there is no one-size-fits-all approach or a single right or wrong answer when it comes to understanding how states are formed. Instead, a multifactor approach is needed to account for the complexities and unique factors that shape state formation trajectories.

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110.

A.D. 500: ______ ________ ________ starts to get unified as political/economical/religious center under God-Kings

In AD 500, the Tonle Sap Region starts to get unified as a political, economical, and religious center under God-Kings. This implies that during this time period, the Tonle Sap Region experienced a consolidation of power and authority, with the God-Kings playing a significant role in governing and guiding the region in various aspects such as politics, economy, and religion. This unification would have likely brought stability and cohesion to the region, allowing for the development and growth of the Tonle Sap Region as a prominent center.

Explanation

In AD 500, the Tonle Sap Region starts to get unified as a political, economical, and religious center under God-Kings. This implies that during this time period, the Tonle Sap Region experienced a consolidation of power and authority, with the God-Kings playing a significant role in governing and guiding the region in various aspects such as politics, economy, and religion. This unification would have likely brought stability and cohesion to the region, allowing for the development and growth of the Tonle Sap Region as a prominent center.

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111. 300 – 900 AD Classic Maya civilization. 8 words overall

During the period of 300 to 900 AD, the Classic Maya civilization reached its peak. This was a time when the political entities within the civilization were at their highest level of power and influence. The Maya also developed a sophisticated system of writing, which allowed them to record important information and communicate across different sites. However, this period was also marked by frequent warfare between these sites, as they competed for resources and territory.

Explanation

During the period of 300 to 900 AD, the Classic Maya civilization reached its peak. This was a time when the political entities within the civilization were at their highest level of power and influence. The Maya also developed a sophisticated system of writing, which allowed them to record important information and communicate across different sites. However, this period was also marked by frequent warfare between these sites, as they competed for resources and territory.

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112. 2600-1100 BC

During the period of 2600-1100 BC, there was a significant rise in Chinese civilization. This era marked the emergence of several important developments in Chinese history, including the establishment of the Xia dynasty, the introduction of bronze technology, the development of early Chinese writing systems, and the growth of agriculture and urbanization. These advancements laid the foundation for the subsequent dynasties and the flourishing of Chinese culture, making it an important period in the rise and shaping of Chinese civilization.

Explanation

During the period of 2600-1100 BC, there was a significant rise in Chinese civilization. This era marked the emergence of several important developments in Chinese history, including the establishment of the Xia dynasty, the introduction of bronze technology, the development of early Chinese writing systems, and the growth of agriculture and urbanization. These advancements laid the foundation for the subsequent dynasties and the flourishing of Chinese culture, making it an important period in the rise and shaping of Chinese civilization.

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113. 1430-31 AD. Angkor sacked by ______, and later 1519 by ________

In 1430-31 AD, Angkor was sacked by Thai Europeans, and later in 1519, it was again attacked by the same group. This suggests that the Thai Europeans were responsible for the destruction of Angkor on both occasions. The phrase "Thai Europeans" refers to individuals who were of Thai descent but had European influences or connections. This explanation aligns with the information provided in the question and the answer choice given.

Explanation

In 1430-31 AD, Angkor was sacked by Thai Europeans, and later in 1519, it was again attacked by the same group. This suggests that the Thai Europeans were responsible for the destruction of Angkor on both occasions. The phrase "Thai Europeans" refers to individuals who were of Thai descent but had European influences or connections. This explanation aligns with the information provided in the question and the answer choice given.

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114. 1250-1000 BC. Dry Farming and raised fields along swamps. Earthen mound platfiorms. Carved colossal Head. Olmec Art Style – weir-jaguars half human, likely hallucigans – shaman

San Lorenzo is the correct answer because the given information mentions several characteristics associated with the San Lorenzo civilization. The time period mentioned (1250-1000 BC) aligns with the existence of the San Lorenzo civilization. The mention of dry farming and raised fields along swamps, as well as earthen mound platforms, are all characteristics of the San Lorenzo culture. Additionally, the reference to Olmec Art Style and weir-jaguars, which are half human and likely hallucinogenic shaman figures, further supports the identification of San Lorenzo as the answer.

Explanation

San Lorenzo is the correct answer because the given information mentions several characteristics associated with the San Lorenzo civilization. The time period mentioned (1250-1000 BC) aligns with the existence of the San Lorenzo civilization. The mention of dry farming and raised fields along swamps, as well as earthen mound platforms, are all characteristics of the San Lorenzo culture. Additionally, the reference to Olmec Art Style and weir-jaguars, which are half human and likely hallucinogenic shaman figures, further supports the identification of San Lorenzo as the answer.

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115. - mechanisms of large-scale irrigation closely linked to emergence of state, including greater planning and coordination, which required strong leadership and administration - irrigation provided more stable productivity and increased wealth, and also required defense - resulted in increasing differentiation and social inequality (between leaders, administrators, and other high-ranking individuals and commoners), ultimately leading to despotic power by rulers

The hydraulic irrigation hypothesis suggests that the mechanisms of large-scale irrigation are closely linked to the emergence of a state. This is because irrigation requires greater planning and coordination, which in turn necessitates strong leadership and administration. Additionally, irrigation provides more stable productivity and increased wealth, but it also requires defense. As a result, the implementation of irrigation systems leads to increasing differentiation and social inequality between leaders, administrators, and other high-ranking individuals, and commoners. This ultimately leads to the concentration of despotic power by rulers.

Explanation

The hydraulic irrigation hypothesis suggests that the mechanisms of large-scale irrigation are closely linked to the emergence of a state. This is because irrigation requires greater planning and coordination, which in turn necessitates strong leadership and administration. Additionally, irrigation provides more stable productivity and increased wealth, but it also requires defense. As a result, the implementation of irrigation systems leads to increasing differentiation and social inequality between leaders, administrators, and other high-ranking individuals, and commoners. This ultimately leads to the concentration of despotic power by rulers.

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116. - Wheat, Barley, legumes, sheep, goats, pigs, birds, fish, wildfowls, rushes, reeds, flax

The given list consists of various items such as wheat, barley, legumes, sheep, goats, pigs, birds, fish, wildfowls, rushes, reeds, and flax. These items represent the goods that were produced in Egypt.

Explanation

The given list consists of various items such as wheat, barley, legumes, sheep, goats, pigs, birds, fish, wildfowls, rushes, reeds, and flax. These items represent the goods that were produced in Egypt.

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117. - Resources heterogeneously distributed over the landscape trade networks needed to distribute utilitarian resources - Control over trade lead to social elites, political control, and a neomarxian process

Regional trade interactions refer to the economic exchanges and relationships between different regions or areas. The given answer suggests that resources are not evenly distributed across the landscape, which creates a need for trade networks to distribute these resources. This implies that regions with abundant resources may engage in trade with regions lacking those resources. Additionally, the answer states that control over trade can lead to the emergence of social elites, political control, and a neomarxian process. This implies that those who have control over trade can gain power, influence, and potentially exploit others. Therefore, regional trade interactions play a crucial role in shaping social, economic, and political dynamics within and between regions.

Explanation

Regional trade interactions refer to the economic exchanges and relationships between different regions or areas. The given answer suggests that resources are not evenly distributed across the landscape, which creates a need for trade networks to distribute these resources. This implies that regions with abundant resources may engage in trade with regions lacking those resources. Additionally, the answer states that control over trade can lead to the emergence of social elites, political control, and a neomarxian process. This implies that those who have control over trade can gain power, influence, and potentially exploit others. Therefore, regional trade interactions play a crucial role in shaping social, economic, and political dynamics within and between regions.

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118. - Population Growth – Warfare – Environmental Circumscription - Pop. Growth in Circumscribed environment, so out migration not possible - Leads to warfare, which leads to losers and winners, leading to stratified social classes within an increasing population density environment

Robert Carneiro is the correct answer because he is likely the person associated with the explanation provided. The explanation suggests that Carneiro's theory involves the relationship between population growth, warfare, and environmental circumscription. It states that in a circumscribed environment with population growth, out migration is not possible. This leads to warfare, which in turn leads to winners and losers, resulting in stratified social classes within a densely populated environment. Carneiro's theory likely explores these dynamics and their impact on societies.

Explanation

Robert Carneiro is the correct answer because he is likely the person associated with the explanation provided. The explanation suggests that Carneiro's theory involves the relationship between population growth, warfare, and environmental circumscription. It states that in a circumscribed environment with population growth, out migration is not possible. This leads to warfare, which in turn leads to winners and losers, resulting in stratified social classes within a densely populated environment. Carneiro's theory likely explores these dynamics and their impact on societies.

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119. - population growth multiplicative rather then additive - Whenever births exceed deaths population will grow - as population got too dense, further growth was limited by factors causing increased mortality (which he termed "positive checks," such as war, famine, and disease), as well as factors decreasing fertility

The given information suggests that population growth is multiplicative rather than additive. This means that population growth is not simply a result of adding more individuals through births, but rather it is influenced by factors that increase mortality and decrease fertility. This concept is known as Malthusian Exponential Population Growth, which was proposed by Thomas Malthus. According to Malthus, population growth is limited by factors such as war, famine, and disease, which increase mortality rates, as well as factors that decrease fertility. Therefore, the correct answer is Malthusian Exponential Population Growth.

Explanation

The given information suggests that population growth is multiplicative rather than additive. This means that population growth is not simply a result of adding more individuals through births, but rather it is influenced by factors that increase mortality and decrease fertility. This concept is known as Malthusian Exponential Population Growth, which was proposed by Thomas Malthus. According to Malthus, population growth is limited by factors such as war, famine, and disease, which increase mortality rates, as well as factors that decrease fertility. Therefore, the correct answer is Malthusian Exponential Population Growth.

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120. - Nile River Delta, surrounded by desert - 3 crops a year if irrigated

The correct answer "Egyptian Ecology" is likely referring to the unique ecological system found in Egypt. The Nile River Delta, surrounded by desert, plays a crucial role in sustaining the country's agriculture. The fertile soil and water from the Nile allow for the cultivation of three crops a year if properly irrigated. This ecological balance is essential for Egypt's agricultural productivity and overall sustainability.

Explanation

The correct answer "Egyptian Ecology" is likely referring to the unique ecological system found in Egypt. The Nile River Delta, surrounded by desert, plays a crucial role in sustaining the country's agriculture. The fertile soil and water from the Nile allow for the cultivation of three crops a year if properly irrigated. This ecological balance is essential for Egypt's agricultural productivity and overall sustainability.

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121. - Irrigation/Agriculture - Population Growth - Trade, Control over trade corridors - Warfare – Political power controls

The variables listed are factors that contribute to the formation of a state. Irrigation and agriculture are important for sustaining a settled society and forming a centralized government. Population growth leads to the need for organized governance and resource management. Trade and control over trade corridors are crucial for economic development and establishing political power. Warfare plays a role in state formation as it can lead to the consolidation of power and the establishment of a centralized authority. These variables highlight the various factors that contribute to the formation and development of a state.

Explanation

The variables listed are factors that contribute to the formation of a state. Irrigation and agriculture are important for sustaining a settled society and forming a centralized government. Population growth leads to the need for organized governance and resource management. Trade and control over trade corridors are crucial for economic development and establishing political power. Warfare plays a role in state formation as it can lead to the consolidation of power and the establishment of a centralized authority. These variables highlight the various factors that contribute to the formation and development of a state.

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122. - Crops: wheat, barley, dates, melons, peas, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, fowls, elephant bones, likely labor

The given list of crops and animals, along with the mention of elephant bones and likely labor, suggests that the civilization being referred to is the Harappan civilization. The Harappans were known for their agricultural practices, cultivating crops such as wheat, barley, dates, melons, and peas. They also raised livestock, including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and fowls. The mention of elephant bones indicates that they may have used elephants for various purposes, such as transportation or labor. Overall, the combination of these elements aligns with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization.

Explanation

The given list of crops and animals, along with the mention of elephant bones and likely labor, suggests that the civilization being referred to is the Harappan civilization. The Harappans were known for their agricultural practices, cultivating crops such as wheat, barley, dates, melons, and peas. They also raised livestock, including cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and fowls. The mention of elephant bones indicates that they may have used elephants for various purposes, such as transportation or labor. Overall, the combination of these elements aligns with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization.

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123. - Covered area larger than Pakistan today: at least 200 sites known, with 21 regional centers and 5 large cities, significant trade resources, cedar, lapis, metal ore, ceramics

The given information indicates that there were at least 200 sites known in the covered area, with 21 regional centers and 5 large cities. Additionally, there were significant trade resources such as cedar, lapis, metal ore, and ceramics. This information aligns with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization, which was known for its urban planning, advanced trade networks, and use of natural resources. Therefore, the correct answer is Harappan.

Explanation

The given information indicates that there were at least 200 sites known in the covered area, with 21 regional centers and 5 large cities. Additionally, there were significant trade resources such as cedar, lapis, metal ore, and ceramics. This information aligns with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization, which was known for its urban planning, advanced trade networks, and use of natural resources. Therefore, the correct answer is Harappan.

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124. - Cities: with water, sewage systems, residential districts, administrative centers, Ruler NOT GODS, rather economist - Trade: Key Variable, seals indicate transportation of goods very large distances

The given answer "Harappan" is likely referring to the Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization. The explanation provided in the question suggests that the Harappan cities had advanced infrastructure such as water and sewage systems, residential districts, and administrative centers. It also mentions that the rulers of the Harappan civilization were economists rather than gods, indicating a sophisticated governance system. Additionally, the presence of seals indicating long-distance trade suggests that trade was a significant factor in the Harappan civilization.

Explanation

The given answer "Harappan" is likely referring to the Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization. The explanation provided in the question suggests that the Harappan cities had advanced infrastructure such as water and sewage systems, residential districts, and administrative centers. It also mentions that the rulers of the Harappan civilization were economists rather than gods, indicating a sophisticated governance system. Additionally, the presence of seals indicating long-distance trade suggests that trade was a significant factor in the Harappan civilization.

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125. - Capitalist class are the owners of the land base who receive the profit from the working class. Who are landless non owners forced to exchange their labor for wages paid by capitalist employers - Leads to a politically and economically stratified state formation

Class conflict models explain the dynamics and tensions between different social classes in society. In this context, the capitalist class refers to the owners of the land who accumulate profits from the labor of the working class. The working class, on the other hand, are landless non-owners who are forced to sell their labor in exchange for wages paid by capitalist employers. This unequal distribution of wealth and power leads to a politically and economically stratified state formation, where the capitalist class holds more influence and control over resources and decision-making processes. Class conflict models analyze the conflicts and struggles that arise from these disparities in order to understand and potentially address them.

Explanation

Class conflict models explain the dynamics and tensions between different social classes in society. In this context, the capitalist class refers to the owners of the land who accumulate profits from the labor of the working class. The working class, on the other hand, are landless non-owners who are forced to sell their labor in exchange for wages paid by capitalist employers. This unequal distribution of wealth and power leads to a politically and economically stratified state formation, where the capitalist class holds more influence and control over resources and decision-making processes. Class conflict models analyze the conflicts and struggles that arise from these disparities in order to understand and potentially address them.

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126. - 2700-1700 BC - Environment: Indus River Valley, Irrigation required, inundations

The given information indicates a time period of 2700-1700 BC and an environment of the Indus River Valley, where irrigation was required due to inundations. These details align with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization. The Harappan civilization existed during this time period and was located in the Indus River Valley. They were known for their advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and reliance on irrigation due to the seasonal flooding of the river. Therefore, the answer is Harappan.

Explanation

The given information indicates a time period of 2700-1700 BC and an environment of the Indus River Valley, where irrigation was required due to inundations. These details align with the characteristics of the Harappan civilization. The Harappan civilization existed during this time period and was located in the Indus River Valley. They were known for their advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and reliance on irrigation due to the seasonal flooding of the river. Therefore, the answer is Harappan.

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127. * Homeland to Khmer – speaking cultures * Political system volatile at best THEN

The given information about the homeland of Khmer-speaking cultures and the volatile political system suggests that the answer could be the Lower Mekong. The Lower Mekong region is known for being the homeland of Khmer-speaking cultures, including the Khmer people of Cambodia. Additionally, the political situation in this region has been unstable and volatile at times, which aligns with the information given in the question. Therefore, the Lower Mekong is a plausible answer based on the provided information.

Explanation

The given information about the homeland of Khmer-speaking cultures and the volatile political system suggests that the answer could be the Lower Mekong. The Lower Mekong region is known for being the homeland of Khmer-speaking cultures, including the Khmer people of Cambodia. Additionally, the political situation in this region has been unstable and volatile at times, which aligns with the information given in the question. Therefore, the Lower Mekong is a plausible answer based on the provided information.

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128. * Funan, port of 1000 rivers – Chinese call it Tonle Sap Lake/Plains

The given information states that Funan is referred to as Tonle Sap Lake/Plains in Chinese. The term "Lower Mekong" refers to the lower part of the Mekong River, which flows through multiple countries in Southeast Asia, including Cambodia where the Tonle Sap Lake is located. Therefore, it can be inferred that Funan is a part of the Lower Mekong region.

Explanation

The given information states that Funan is referred to as Tonle Sap Lake/Plains in Chinese. The term "Lower Mekong" refers to the lower part of the Mekong River, which flows through multiple countries in Southeast Asia, including Cambodia where the Tonle Sap Lake is located. Therefore, it can be inferred that Funan is a part of the Lower Mekong region.

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