ANIMAL NUTRITION

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24. The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle is:

Glycogen

Cellulose

Starch

Glucuronic acid

25. Net energy requirement for maintenance of adult sheep is around

0.7 MJ /d

25 MJ /d

4 MJ / d

4 kJ /d

26. Energy for the creation of a proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria comes from a. b. c. d.

NADPH

NADH and FADH2

Anaerobic glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

27. Of the following amino acids, select the one which is non-essential:

Lysine

Leucine

Valine

Glutamine

28. Net energy requirement for maintenance of adult cattle is around

4 kJ /d

4 MJ / d

25 MJ /d

0.7 MJ /d

29. Approximate net energy requirement for maintenance in cattle is:

77 MJ/d

25 MJ/d

10 MJ/d

0.7 MJ /d

30. Of the following are/one amino acids, select the one which is essential in the diet

Alanine

Citrulline

Valine

Glutamine

31. Two major enzyme complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are:

Fatty acid synthase complex and ATP synthase

Electron transport chain and ATP synthase

Electron transport chain and fatty acid synthase

Oxidative deaminase and glycogen phosphorylase

32. Transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid is called:

Oxidative deamination

Amino-keto transfer

Ketoacidosis

Transamination

33. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

Serine

Threonine

Aspartic acid

Glutamic acid

34. Complete oxidation of a mole of glucose yields

129 moles of ATP

12 moles of ATP

2 moles of ATP

38 moles of ATP

35. Of the following are/one amino acids, select the one which is essential in the diet

Phenylalanine

Asparagine

Citrulline

Alanine

36. During ATP synthesis by substrate phosphorylation:

A proton gradient is generated

ATP is produced directly from ADP during a reaction

ATP is synthesized directly from adenosine and inorganic phosphate

All of the above

37. During gluconeogenesis, propionic acid enters TCA cycle at the level of:

Succinyl CoA

Acetyl CoA

Malate

Oxaloacetate

38. Synthesis/ oxidation of fatty acids occurs

In the mitochondria

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In the cytoplasm

39. Major organ responsible for production of endogenous arginine is:

Stomach

Heart

Kidney

Liver

40. A codon for each amino acid is:

Ambiguous and degenerate

Ambiguous but not degenerate

Degenerate but not ambiguous

Degenerate but ambiguous

41. If k = 0.7 and ME intake = 10 MJ/d, then NE intake (MJ/d) =

0.7

0.07

7

14.29

NE = ME(intake) x k

Explanation

NE = ME(intake) x k

42. Lactose synthetase is a complex of galactosyl transferase and:

Casein

α-lacatlbumin

Glucose

Lactose

43. Major organ responsible for production of urea is

Stomach

Heart

Kidney

Liver

44. How many moles of NADH are generated when 1 mole of Acetyl CoA is oxidized during one turn of TCA cycle?

1

3

12

122

45. Of the following nutrients, select the nutrient/s which cannot be converted to glucose:

Lactic acid

Alanine

Palmitic acid

Propionic acid

Glutamine

Pyruvic acid also cannot be converted to glucose

Explanation

Pyruvic acid also cannot be converted to glucose

46. The major determinant of biological value of dietary protein in monogastric animals is:

Secretion of endogenous proteins

Hind gut fermentation

The amino acid composition of the digested and absorbed protein

Digestibility

47. Of the following nutrients, select the nutrient which can’t be converted to glucose by hepatic gluconeogenesis

Propionic acid

Alanine

Palmitic acid

Acetic acid

Butyric acid

Lactic acid

lactate can but lactic acid can't

Explanation

lactate can but lactic acid can't

48. Choose the likely MCP yield when a dairy cow eats 15 kg dry matter (M/D = 10) per day

150

1200

1.5

0.66

MCP = intake x M/D x 8

Explanation

MCP = intake x M/D x 8

49. Which of the following volatile fatty acids is the major source for synthesis of palmitic acid in ruminants?

Acetic acid

Butyric acid

Propionic acid

None of the above

50. The efficiency of utilization of ME for growth is around

0.8

0.7

0.4

0.2

51. Complete oxidation of a mole of palmitic acid yields:

129 moles of ATP

12 moles of ATP

2 moles of ATP

38 moles of ATP

52. A shuttle involved in the transport of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria is:

The phosphoenolpyruvate shuttle

The malate-aspartate shuttle

Citrate shuttle

Oxaloacetate shuttle

53. Mitochondrial electron transport chain:

Generates an action potential

Generates proton motive force

Carries out oxidative phosphorylation

Transports amino acids.

Links electron transport to transport of pyruvate into mitochondria

54. Which of the following volatile fatty acids is the major source for synthesis of glucose?

Acetic acid

Butyric acid

Propionic acid

None of the above

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56. The enzymes of the glycolysis are located:

In the mitochondria

In the rough endoplasmic reticulum

In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

In the cytoplasm.

57. Mammalian cells do not contain desaturases capable of introducing double bonds beyond carbon atom (from the carboxyl end):

1

3

6

9

58. ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the mitochondria

Decreases the proton gradient

Increases the proton gradient

Requires glucose

Requires fatty acids

59. The major function of malate aspartate shuttle is to:

Transport reducing equivalent in cytosolic NADH into mitochondria

Transport reducing equivalent in mitochondrial NADH into cytosol

Transport reducing equivalent in cytosolic NADPH into mitochondria

Transport reducing equivalent in mitochondrial NADPH into cytosol.

Animal Nutrition

1. Major end product of digestion protein in the small intestine of ruminants is ___________

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. AcetateElongation of preformed fatty acid occurs in the ___________ of the cell

3. The donor of two carbon units to extend the carbon chain for the synthesis of palmitate is _______________

4. An example of a method of measuring protein digestibility that does not take into account contribution by endogenous proteins is ____________________

5. Many of the actions of somatotropin are mediated by _____________ __________ __________

6. Transport of acetyl CoA from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol requires formation of

7. In the urea cycle, argininosuccinate is cleaved to form fumerate and

8. Major precursor of hepatic gluconeogenesis in the ruminants is _________________

9. Synthesis of proteins occurs in the _____________ of the cell

10. The major carbohydrate present in grasses is _______

11. An example of a method of measuring energy requirements for maintenance is _________

12. Synthesis of lactose occurs in the _________ gland.

13. The major carbohydrate present in skeletal muscle is __________

14. Nucleic acids contribute __% of nitrogen to microbial crude protein.

15. UDP content of 160 g CP of dg of 0.7 is ___

16. An important co-factor required in many biosynthetic reactions and produced by the pentose phosphate pathway is ________

17. Breakdown of fat by lipases results in the release of fatty acids and ____________

18. The only amino acid that undergoes oxidative deamination in mammalian tissues is

19. Two tissues that are most active in the synthesis of fat are adipose tissue and the ____________

20. In the first step of urea cycle, ___________ _____________ is synthesized from ammonia, ATP and CO2

21. First limiting amino acid for protein synthesis in pigs fed a cereal based diet is likely to be ____________

22. Synthesis of glucose from non-glucose precursors is called ____________

23. RDP content of 160 g CP of dg of 0.7 is 48

24. The storage form of glucose in the liver and muscle is:

25. Net energy requirement for maintenance of adult sheep is around

26. Energy for the creation of a proton gradient across the inner membrane of mitochondria comes from a. b. c. d.

27. Of the following amino acids, select the one which is non-essential:

28. Net energy requirement for maintenance of adult cattle is around

29. Approximate net energy requirement for maintenance in cattle is:

30. Of the following are/one amino acids, select the one which is essential in the diet

31. Two major enzyme complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are:

32. Transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a keto acid is called:

33. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?

34. Complete oxidation of a mole of glucose yields

35. Of the following are/one amino acids, select the one which is essential in the diet

36. During ATP synthesis by substrate phosphorylation:

37. During gluconeogenesis, propionic acid enters TCA cycle at the level of:

38. Synthesis/ oxidation of fatty acids occurs

39. Major organ responsible for production of endogenous arginine is:

40. A codon for each amino acid is:

41. If k = 0.7 and ME intake = 10 MJ/d, then NE intake (MJ/d) =

42. Lactose synthetase is a complex of galactosyl transferase and:

43. Major organ responsible for production of urea is

44. How many moles of NADH are generated when 1 mole of Acetyl CoA is oxidized during one turn of TCA cycle?

45. Of the following nutrients, select the nutrient/s which cannot be converted to glucose:

46. The major determinant of biological value of dietary protein in monogastric animals is:

47. Of the following nutrients, select the nutrient which can’t be converted to glucose by hepatic gluconeogenesis

48. Choose the likely MCP yield when a dairy cow eats 15 kg dry matter (M/D = 10) per day

49. Which of the following volatile fatty acids is the major source for synthesis of palmitic acid in ruminants?

50. The efficiency of utilization of ME for growth is around

51. Complete oxidation of a mole of palmitic acid yields:

52. A shuttle involved in the transport of cytosolic NADH into mitochondria is:

53. Mitochondrial electron transport chain:

54. Which of the following volatile fatty acids is the major source for synthesis of glucose?

55. During gluconeogenesis oxalacetate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by the enzyme

56. The enzymes of the glycolysis are located:

57. Mammalian cells do not contain desaturases capable of introducing double bonds beyond carbon atom (from the carboxyl end):

58. ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the mitochondria

59. The major function of malate aspartate shuttle is to:

5. Many of the actions of somatotropin are mediated by _

20. In the first step of urea cycle, _ ___ is synthesized from ammonia, ATP and CO2