Ancient Civilizations Chapter 12 Lesson 1

Axum became the first capital of ancient Ethiopia. Axum was an ancient city located in what is now northern Ethiopia. It was the center of the Axumite Empire, which was one of the most powerful and influential civilizations in the ancient world. Axum was known for its advanced civilization, impressive architecture, and its role in early Christianity. It was an important trading hub and a significant political and religious center in ancient Ethiopia.

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The textbook states that King Lilibela's ten new churches were created using volcanic rock.

The Zagwe dynasty was a group of leaders who ruled Ethiopia from the 10th to the 13th century. After the split of the country, the Zagwe leaders were responsible for isolating and confining Christianity in Ethiopia. This means that they restricted the spread and practice of Christianity within the country, possibly favoring other religious beliefs or enforcing their own religious ideologies. The Zagwe dynasty played a significant role in shaping the religious landscape of Ethiopia during their rule.

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King Lilibela is actually highly respected and honored as a saint in Ethiopian culture. He is known for building the famous rock-hewn churches in Lalibela, which are considered a UNESCO World Heritage site and a significant religious pilgrimage site. His dedication to Christianity and the construction of these churches have made him a revered figure in Ethiopian history and culture. Therefore, the statement that King Lilibela is not respected or honored as a saint in Ethiopian culture is false.

The statement "The Church of Saint George was built from the bottom up" is false. This means that the church was not constructed starting from the foundation and progressing upwards.

The Abyssinians were the first people to cross the Red Sea from the east and arrive in Ethiopia. This suggests that they were the earliest known group to migrate from the eastern side of the Red Sea to Ethiopia. The term "Abyssinians" is often used to refer to the people of Ethiopia, and their historical presence in the region supports their claim as the first to cross the Red Sea.

The ten churches created by King Lilibela represent endurance for Ethiopians today. These churches, carved out of solid rock, have withstood the test of time and are still standing strong. They symbolize the perseverance and resilience of the Ethiopian people, who have faced numerous challenges throughout history. The enduring presence of these churches serves as a reminder of the strength and determination of the Ethiopian culture and its ability to overcome obstacles.

The predominant type of religion in ancient Ethiopia was Christianity. This can be attributed to the influence of early Christian missionaries, particularly from Egypt and Syria, who spread the religion in the region during the 4th century AD. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which has its own unique traditions and practices, became the dominant form of Christianity in the country. This religion played a significant role in shaping Ethiopian culture, art, and architecture, and continues to be a major religious force in modern Ethiopia.

The statement implies that King Ezana strongly protested Christians and converts of any religion. However, this statement is false. King Ezana of the Kingdom of Aksum was actually a convert to Christianity and played a significant role in spreading Christianity in the region. He was known for his support and promotion of the Christian faith, rather than protesting against it. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Trade is the correct answer because it is through trade that different cultures and civilizations come into contact with each other. In this case, the mix of styles such as Greek ideas combining with African ideas was likely a result of trade between these two regions. Through trade, ideas, beliefs, and artistic styles can be exchanged, leading to the blending and mixing of different cultural elements.

Ethiopia's official religion today is not Muslim. The official religion of Ethiopia is Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity. This religion has a significant influence on the country's culture, traditions, and daily life. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church is one of the oldest Christian churches in the world and has a strong presence in Ethiopia, with a majority of the population identifying as Orthodox Christians.

Muslims became Ethiopia and Christianity's number one opponent due to the spread of Islam in the region. Egypt, being a predominantly Muslim country, also proved to be Ethiopia's number one opponent in terms of religious conflicts and territorial disputes. The rise of Islam in Ethiopia and Egypt created tensions between the two religious groups, leading to conflicts and opposition between the two nations.

King Lilibela was responsible for bringing back a lot of Christianity in Ethiopia and created "the New Jerusalem". He was a devout Christian ruler who commissioned the construction of several rock-hewn churches in Ethiopia, which are now considered UNESCO World Heritage sites. These churches were built in a unique architectural style and served as important religious centers, attracting pilgrims from all over the country. King Lilibela's efforts played a significant role in the revival and spread of Christianity in Ethiopia, earning him the title of the king who brought back Christianity and created "the New Jerusalem".