Air Regulation Dgca

Explanation
The holder of a PPL (Private Pilot License) cannot fly IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) unless they have an instrument rating. This means that they must have completed additional training and demonstrated proficiency in flying using only instruments and navigation aids, rather than relying on visual cues. This is necessary for flying in conditions with reduced visibility or in clouds, where relying solely on visual references is not possible. Having an instrument rating ensures that the pilot has the necessary skills and knowledge to safely operate an aircraft in these conditions.

Explanation
The starboard navigation light of an aircraft is visible over an arc of 110 degrees. This means that the light can be seen from the right side of the aircraft, spanning a 110-degree angle. This visibility range is important for other pilots and aircraft to be able to see and identify the position and direction of the aircraft in low visibility conditions or at night.

Explanation
The width of taxiway centerline markings is 15cm. This is the standard width recommended by regulatory agencies such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The 15cm width ensures good visibility and clear demarcation of the centerline for pilots and ground personnel. It also allows for safe navigation and guidance of aircraft during taxiing operations.

Explanation
The correct answer is 60 minutes because submitting a flight plan at least 60 minutes before departure allows the necessary time for the flight crew and air traffic control to review and coordinate the plan. This ensures that all necessary information is in place and any necessary adjustments can be made before the aircraft takes off. Submitting the flight plan earlier than 60 minutes allows for even more time to address any potential issues or changes.

Explanation
A steady green light indicates to the pilot of an aircraft in the air that they may land. This signal is used by air traffic controllers to communicate with pilots and give them clearance to land. The steady green light is a clear and easily recognizable signal for pilots, ensuring a safe and efficient landing process.

Explanation
A white "T" in the signal area indicates the runway in use to an aircraft in the air. This signal is commonly used to provide visual guidance to pilots and inform them of the active runway. The white "T" is easily recognizable and serves as a clear indication for pilots to align their approach and landing accordingly.

Explanation
A control zone is a type of controlled airspace that touches the ground. It is established around an airport and extends upwards from the surface to a specified altitude. Within the control zone, air traffic control has authority and provides services to aircraft operating in the area. This includes monitoring and directing the movement of aircraft to ensure safe and efficient operations. Control zones are designed to manage traffic flow in and out of the airport and maintain separation between aircraft in the vicinity.

Explanation
When crossing ATS (Air Traffic Service) routes, it is recommended to do so at a 90-degree angle. This is because crossing at a right angle minimizes the risk of collision between aircraft on different routes. Crossing at any other angle may increase the risk of conflict and compromise safety. Therefore, 90 degrees is the correct angle for crossing ATS routes.