Aerospace 2 Part 1

Explanation
In small aircraft engines, cylinders are most often arranged in a horizontally-opposed configuration. This means that the cylinders are positioned opposite each other on either side of the engine, with the pistons moving in opposite directions. This arrangement allows for better balance and reduces vibrations in the engine, resulting in smoother operation. It also allows for easier cooling and maintenance of the cylinders.

Explanation
When fossil fuels are used to create thrust, they undergo a chemical reaction that releases energy. This chemical energy is then converted into mechanical energy, which is used to generate thrust and propel the object forward. This process is commonly seen in engines, where the combustion of fossil fuels produces high-pressure gases that are expelled through a nozzle, creating a force that propels the object in the opposite direction. Therefore, the correct answer is converting chemical energy into mechanical energy.

Explanation
A rocket engine does not require atmospheric air because it carries its own oxidizer along with the fuel. Unlike other engines like reciprocating, gyro, and jet engines, which rely on atmospheric air for combustion, a rocket engine can operate in the vacuum of space as well. The fuel and oxidizer are combined in a combustion chamber, and the resulting chemical reaction produces the necessary thrust to propel the rocket forward. This makes rocket engines suitable for space exploration and satellite launches where there is no atmospheric air available.

Explanation
A carburetor uses Bernoulli's Principle. Bernoulli's Principle states that as the speed of a fluid (or air) increases, its pressure decreases. In a carburetor, air flowing through a narrow passage speeds up, resulting in a decrease in air pressure. This lower pressure allows fuel to be drawn into the air stream, creating a mixture that can be ignited in the engine for combustion. Therefore, the carburetor utilizes Bernoulli's Principle to regulate the flow of air and fuel mixture into the engine.

Explanation
Both the attitude indicator and the heading indicator use the principle of a gyroscope for operation. A gyroscope is a device that maintains its orientation in space, and it is used in these instruments to provide accurate and stable information about the aircraft's attitude (pitch and roll) and heading (direction of travel). The gyroscope inside these instruments spins rapidly and resists any changes in its orientation, allowing the indicators to provide reliable and precise information to the pilot. Therefore, the correct answer is both b and c.

Explanation
Under standard conditions, a parcel of air, one square inch and 50 miles tall weighs 29.92 pounds. This is because under standard atmospheric pressure at sea level, the weight of the air column above a square inch of surface area extending up to the top of the atmosphere is equal to 29.92 pounds. This weight is due to the force exerted by the air molecules in the column on the surface area.