AEPA English Practice Test Questions

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1. Read the excerpt below from The
Woman Warrior, a memoir by Maxine
Hong Kingston; then answer the
question that follows.

It was a woman who invented white crane
boxing only two hundred years ago. She
was already an expert pole fighter,
daughter of a teacher trained at the Shaolin
temple, where there lived an order of
fighting monks. She was combing her
hair one morning when a white crane
alighted outside her window. She teased it
with her pole, which it pushed aside with a
soft brush of its wing. Amazed, she
dashed outside and tried to knock the
crane off its perch. It snapped her pole in
two. Recognizing the presence of great
power, she asked the spirit of the white
crane if it would teach her to fight. It
answered with a cry that white crane
boxers imitate today. Later the bird
returned as an old man, and he guided her
boxing for many years. Thus she gave the
world a new martial art.

The story featured in the excerpt above
provides a contemporary variation on
which of the following literary forms?

Explanation

The story featured in the excerpt above is a folktale. It tells the tale of a woman who invents white crane boxing after encountering a white crane outside her window. The story includes elements of magic, transformation, and a lesson or moral. It is a traditional story that has been passed down through generations, making it a folktale.

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2. Read the passage below; then answer the two questions that follow.

1Through efforts to sanitize our world, we are creating additional—and perhaps even greater—health threats. 2Doctors have long known that an indiscriminant use of antibiotics often leads to the emergence of germs that are increasingly resistant to the drugs. 3It is now clear that the use of bacteria-killing chemicals produces much the same dilemma. 4More than 700 household products contain such chemicals. 5Hand cleaners, bathroom sprays, cutting boards, sponges, and other products are laced with triclosan and other chemicals that kill bacteria. 6Researchers have discovered that the bacteria have begun to fight back. 7With repeated exposure to these chemicals, they develop mutations that enable them to counter the chemicals' effects.

Which of the following patterns of
organization does the author use to
develop the argument in the passage?

Explanation

The author uses the cause and effect pattern of organization to develop the argument in the passage. The passage begins by stating the problem of creating health threats through efforts to sanitize our world. It then explains the cause of the problem, which is the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and bacteria-killing chemicals. The passage goes on to describe the effect of this cause, which is the emergence of germs that are resistant to drugs and the development of mutations in bacteria that enable them to counter the effects of the chemicals. Therefore, the author presents the cause and effect relationship between the use of these chemicals and the health threats that result.

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3. A speaker who uses phrases such as "on
the other hand" and "to the contrary"
during a formal presentation is most likely
attempting to:

Explanation

The speaker's use of phrases such as "on the other hand" and "to the contrary" indicates that they are presenting contrasting viewpoints or opposing perspectives. This suggests that the speaker is attempting to introduce different sides of an argument or present a balanced view by acknowledging and discussing opposing points of view.

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4. Before reading a chapter in a textbook,
students write on a KWL chart what they
already know and what they want to know
about the topic of the chapter. After
reading the chapter, the students then
record what they learned from the chapter
on the chart. This activity is most likely
to promote the students' reading comprehension
by helping them:

Explanation

This activity of writing on a KWL chart before and after reading a chapter helps students connect their background knowledge to new information. By identifying what they already know and what they want to know, students are able to activate their prior knowledge and make connections with the new information they will encounter in the chapter. This process enhances their understanding and comprehension of the text by bridging the gap between their existing knowledge and the new concepts presented in the chapter.

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5. A public health official delivers a speech
on the effects of smoking to an assembly
of middle school students. The official is
then asked to speak on the same topic to a
group of medical professionals. Which of
the following changes in language style
would the official most likely make to
adapt the speech appropriately to the new
audience?

Explanation

The public health official would most likely change the language style from informal to technical when speaking to a group of medical professionals. This is because medical professionals are more knowledgeable about the topic and would benefit from a more technical and specialized language style. Using technical terms and terminology would allow the official to provide more in-depth information and engage with the audience on a professional level.

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6. The use of language in this poem creates
an overall mood best described as:

Explanation

The use of language in the poem suggests a tone that is thoughtful and inquisitive. The words and phrases used evoke a sense of introspection and a desire to understand and explore deeper meanings. The language used also creates a mood of curiosity, as the poem encourages the reader to contemplate and question the subject matter. Overall, the language in the poem creates an atmosphere that is reflective and curious.

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7. Read the passage below from Fire on the Mountain, a novel by Edward Abbey; then answer the question that follows.

Those mountains—they seemed at once both close by and impossibly remote, an easy walk away and yet beyond the limits of the imagination. Between us lay the clear and empty wilderness of scattered mesquite trees and creosote shrubs and streambeds where water ran as seldom as the rain came down. Each summer for three years I had come to New Mexico; each time I gazed upon the moon-dead landscape and asked myself: what is out there? And each time I concluded: something is out there—maybe everything. To me the desert looked like a form of Paradise. And it always will.

In the passage above, the author uses a
series of ambiguous expressions in his
description of the landscape to:

Explanation

The passage describes the author's view of the desert landscape as both close by and remote, easy to reach yet beyond imagination. This use of ambiguous expressions suggests that the author has complicated and contradictory feelings about the desert. The author finds the desert to be a form of paradise, but also wonders what else is out there. This conveys the author's mixed emotions and the complex nature of his relationship with the desert.

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8. A warehouse manager sends an inventory
report to the president of the company at
the end of every month. The report
consists mainly of long tables listing the
different types of items stored in the
warehouse and the number of units of
each item. The president has commented
that the report is too difficult to read and
takes too much time to interpret. In order
to communicate the information in the
report more clearly and efficiently, the
warehouse manager should use which of
the following formats instead of the table
format?

Explanation

The warehouse manager should use a bar chart instead of the table format to communicate the information more clearly and efficiently. A bar chart provides a visual representation of the data, making it easier to interpret and understand. It allows for quick comparison between different types of items and their quantities. Unlike a table format, a bar chart eliminates the need for the president to spend time interpreting the data, as the information is presented in a more visually appealing and intuitive manner.

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9. Read the passage below from Coal: A Human History by Barbara Freese; then answer the question that follows.

When the Romans invaded Britain, among the natural riches they found there were conspicuous outcrops of a velvety deep black mineral. It was declared the "best stone in Britain" by one Roman writer because it could easily be carved and polished into beautiful jewelry. In time, Britain became known for its exports of this prized material, and fashionable citizens back in Rome eagerly adorned themselves with it. Not only were the black trinkets they carved from it stylish, but they had the surprising and mysterious attribute of being flammable as well. They called this mineral gagate (a word that over the years changed
to "jet," as in "jet black"), which is actually a special form of dense coal. Because they weren't good at telling the difference, though, it seems that many Romans were not wearing true jet but plain old coal—the same stuff that would much later be considered the best stone in Britain for entirely different reasons.

Based on information presented in the
passage above, a reader would be best able
to draw which of the following
conclusions?

Explanation

Based on the passage, the reader can conclude that coal during this time period was not used as a fuel source by the Romans. The passage mentions that the Romans carved the black mineral into beautiful jewelry and adorned themselves with it. The passage also states that the mineral had the surprising attribute of being flammable. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Romans valued coal for its aesthetic properties rather than its use as a fuel source.

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10. A speaker is reading a short story excerpt
and wishes to render vividly for the
audience key developments in characterization
and plot. Which of the following
methods would be most effective for this
purpose?

Explanation

Adjusting the volume, speed, and pitch of the voice according to changing moods in the story would be the most effective method for rendering vividly the key developments in characterization and plot. By modulating the voice, the speaker can convey the emotions and atmosphere of the story, creating a more engaging and immersive experience for the audience. This technique allows the speaker to emphasize suspenseful moments, evoke different moods, and bring the story to life through vocal expression.

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11. A student plans to present orally to her
class an excerpt from a dramatic play that
consists of a somber, reflective monologue
delivered by one of the play's main characters.
The student could best convey the
mood of the monologue by:

Explanation

Slowing her rate of speech and pausing frequently would be the best way for the student to convey the somber and reflective mood of the monologue. By speaking slowly, it allows for the words to sink in and creates a sense of seriousness and thoughtfulness. Pausing frequently also adds to the reflective nature of the monologue, allowing the audience to absorb the words and emotions being conveyed. This combination of slowing down and pausing helps to create a somber and reflective atmosphere for the audience.

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12. The nineteenth-century writings of
Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass
demonstrate the ability of literature to:

Explanation

The nineteenth-century writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were influential in transforming public opinion and increasing awareness of social issues. Their autobiographical works, such as Jacobs' "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" and Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," shed light on the harsh realities of slavery and the experiences of African Americans. These narratives exposed the cruelty and injustice of slavery, challenging the prevailing beliefs and attitudes of the time. Through their powerful storytelling and firsthand accounts, Jacobs and Douglass were able to effectively advocate for the abolition of slavery and inspire social change.

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13. In journalistic writing, it would generally
be most appropriate to use the inverted
pyramid style for which of the following
types of stories?

Explanation

The inverted pyramid style is a common writing structure in journalism where the most important information is presented at the beginning of the story, followed by supporting details in descending order of importance. This style is best suited for stories in which the main facts can be easily summarized, as it allows readers to quickly grasp the key information without having to read the entire article. It is not as effective for personality interviews or stories with surprise endings, as these types of stories often require a more narrative or suspenseful approach.

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14. Which of the following types of oral
presentation for special occasions relies
most on focus, brevity, and setting a tone?

Explanation

An introduction speech relies most on focus, brevity, and setting a tone. This type of oral presentation is typically short and concise, aiming to capture the audience's attention and create a positive atmosphere for the main speaker or event. It requires careful planning and organization to effectively introduce the topic or person, providing relevant background information and creating a favorable impression. The focus is on setting the right tone and generating interest, making it crucial to be concise and engaging.

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15. For a conversation between two
individuals to be successful, it is most
important that both individuals:

Explanation

In order for a conversation between two individuals to be successful, it is crucial that both individuals accurately interpret each other's verbal and nonverbal cues. This means understanding the intended meaning behind the words spoken as well as being able to pick up on nonverbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. Accurate interpretation of these cues allows for effective communication, better understanding, and the ability to respond appropriately. Without this skill, misunderstandings and miscommunication can easily occur, hindering the success of the conversation.

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16. Use the description below of a popular
U.S. poster from 1942 to answer the
question that follows.

A cartoon depicts a man in a suit wearing
eight hats stacked atop his head. The man
is stopped in front of a store counter on
which a men's hat is on display, along
with a small sign that reads "Sale." The
man in the suit regards the hat on display
carefully and thoughtfully—his arms are
partially folded across his chest, and his
finger is touching his chin.

The image in the poster described above is
most likely trying to change which of the
following consumer behaviors?

Explanation

The image in the poster is most likely trying to change the consumer behavior of reckless spending. The man in the cartoon is depicted as carefully considering the hat on display, suggesting that he should think before making impulsive purchases. The image aims to discourage consumers from spending their money recklessly and encourages them to be more thoughtful and considerate in their purchasing decisions.

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17. Which of the following is a valid
inference that can be made from the
information in the passage?

Explanation

The passage states that scientists often reassess existing theories as new evidence emerges. This implies that scientists are open to revising their theories based on new information. Therefore, it can be inferred that scientists often reassess existing theories as new evidence emerges.

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18. Biographers consider personal diaries
specially valuable as source material
because, unlike other kinds of nonfiction,
these works characteristically contain:

Explanation

Personal diaries are considered valuable as source material by biographers because they typically provide candid accounts of the author's experiences and opinions. Unlike other forms of nonfiction, diaries offer an intimate and unfiltered perspective on the author's life, allowing biographers to gain deeper insights into their thoughts, emotions, and personal experiences. These candid accounts can provide valuable context and understanding of the author's motivations, relationships, and personal growth, making diaries an invaluable resource for biographical research.

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19. The experience of the Great Depression
and its influence on the culture of the
United States are significant themes in the
works of which of the following writers?

Explanation

John Steinbeck is the correct answer because his works, such as "The Grapes of Wrath" and "Of Mice and Men," extensively explore the impact of the Great Depression on American society. Steinbeck's writings vividly depict the struggles of the working class and the social and economic hardships faced during this time period. His works provide a powerful commentary on the effects of the Great Depression and its lasting influence on the culture of the United States.

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20. A listener is most likely to recognize and
accurately interpret the message of a
speech when that message is:

Explanation

When a message is important and personally relevant to the listener, they are more likely to pay attention and engage with the speech. The listener will have a personal connection to the topic, which will make them more motivated to understand and interpret the message accurately. Additionally, when a message is personally relevant, it is more likely to resonate with the listener's own experiences and beliefs, making it easier for them to comprehend and interpret the speech effectively.

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21. Read the poem below by Aurora Levins Morales; then answer the question that follows.

Child of the Americas

I am a child of the Americas,
a light-skinned mestiza of the Caribbean,
a child of many diaspora, born into this continent at a crossroads.

I am a U.S. Puerto Rican Jew,
a product of the ghettos of New York I have never known.
An immigrant and the daughter and granddaughter of immigrants.
I speak English with passion: it's the tongue of my consciousness,
a flashing knife blade of crystal, my tool, my craft.

I am Caribeña, island grown. Spanish is in my flesh,
ripples from my tongue, lodges in my hips:
the language of garlic and mangoes,
the singing in my poetry, the flying gestures of my hands.
I am of Latinoamerica, rooted in the history of my continent:
I speak from that body.

I am not african. Africa is in me, but I cannot return.
I am taína.1 Taíno is in me, but there is no way back.
I am not european. Europe lives in me, but I have no home there.

I am new. History made me. My first language was spanglish.
I was born at the crossroads
and I am whole.

1taína: Taínos were the Indian tribe indigenous to Puerto Rico.

The themes featured in this poem best
exemplify which of the following
characteristics of American literature?

Explanation

The themes featured in the poem, such as being a mestiza of the Caribbean, an immigrant, and having multiple cultural and linguistic influences, highlight the diversity and heterogeneity of American literature. The poem emphasizes the intersectionality of different cultures and languages, reflecting the complex and diverse experiences of the American people. This aligns with the characteristic of American literature being heterogeneous with respect to language and culture, and showcasing the diversity of the American population.

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22. A writer is beginning an analytical essay
on a literary text. Which of the following
steps would be most appropriate for the
writer to take first?

Explanation

To properly begin an analytical essay on a literary text, it is crucial for the writer to first identify the main ideas in the text. This step allows the writer to have a clear understanding of the central themes and concepts present in the text, which will serve as the foundation for their analysis. By identifying the main ideas, the writer can then proceed to develop their argument and provide evidence to support their analysis. This step is essential as it helps the writer establish a strong and focused direction for their essay.

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23. Use the information below to answer
the question that follows.

A researcher has recently returned from a
trip to several developing countries where
she studied the relative efficiency of a
variety of farming techniques. Her work
included photographing the different crops
and land features and analyzing the
chemical composition of a multitude of
plant, soil, and water samples. She must
now present her findings to a large group
of colleagues. She has access to a lecture
hall with a full range of audiovisual and
multimedia equipment, but the financial
resources and time that she has available
to produce the presentation are both
limited.

Given the researcher's time and financial
constraints, which of the following media
combinations would be most appropriate
for her to choose to use to maximize the
effectiveness of her presentation?

Explanation

Given the researcher's limited financial resources and time constraints, a PowerPoint presentation with handouts containing data tables and charts would be the most appropriate media combination for her presentation. This option allows her to effectively present her findings using visual aids and provide additional information through handouts. It is a cost-effective and time-efficient method that maximizes the effectiveness of her presentation.

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24. When preparing to write a persuasive
essay, a writer should take which of the
following steps first?

Explanation

When preparing to write a persuasive essay, the first step should be developing a clearly defined position on an issue. This is important because it sets the foundation for the entire essay. By having a clear position, the writer can effectively structure their arguments and provide convincing evidence to support their viewpoint. Without a clearly defined position, the essay may lack focus and coherence. Once the position is established, the writer can then proceed to outlining the major points, identifying relevant secondary sources, and researching alternative perspectives to strengthen their argument.

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25. During a play, the primary purpose of a
soliloquy is to:

Explanation

During a play, a soliloquy serves as a tool for a character to express their innermost thoughts and emotions directly to the audience. It allows the character to reveal their personal struggles, desires, and intentions, providing insight into their psyche. This helps the audience to understand the character's motivations and adds depth to their portrayal. Therefore, the primary purpose of a soliloquy is to reveal the personal thoughts and emotions of a character.

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26. Read the passage below; then answer the two questions that follow.

1The Native American novelist Leslie Marmon Silko grew up outside Albuquerque, New Mexico, on the margins of the Laguna Pueblo. 2Living on the margins has proved to be an apt metaphor for her life, and the differences between native and white culture are a major source of the tensions that characterize her work. 3In addition to writing, she teaches English at the University of Arizona. 4Silko's essays, poetry, and most importantly, her fiction, are steeped in Laguna cultural traditions. 5At the same time, her work reflects her encounters with mainstream U.S. culture.

6For the Laguna, storytelling is not simply a way to pass the time, it also provides a means of affirming their values, to preserve cherished traditions, and establishing spiritual connections with the whole of creation. 7Like the Laguna, Silko believes that her own kind of storytelling—the writing of fiction and poetry—is too important a gift to be used merely to entertain. 8In her work, she has attempted to tell sacred Laguna stories in ways that are so memorable and powerful that the stories themselves help to ensure the Laguna culture's survival while illustrating truths that can be applied to challenges the Laguna people face today. 9In her novel Ceremony, for example, the main character is a discharged soldier of mixed white–Laguna ancestry who returns to his pueblo after World War II suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder. 10Unlike other veterans who numb themselves with alcohol, he finds wholeness in a mystical Laguna tradition that heals him of his despair.

Which of the following changes would
improve the effectiveness of the first
paragraph of the passage?

Explanation

Deleting Sentence 3 would improve the effectiveness of the first paragraph because it is not directly related to the main topic of the paragraph, which is Leslie Marmon Silko's upbringing and the influence of native and white culture on her work. Deleting this sentence would help maintain a clear focus on the main ideas and themes being discussed.

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27. Read the poem below by Martín Espada; then answer the two questions that follow.

Coca-Cola and Coco Frío

On his first visit to Puerto Rico,
island of family folklore,
the fat boy wandered
from table to table
with his mouth open.
At every table, some great-aunt
would steer him with cool spotted hands
to a glass of Coca-Cola.
One even sang to him, in all the English
she could remember, a Coca-Cola jingle
from the forties. He drank obediently, though
he was bored with this potion, familiar
from soda fountains in Brooklyn.

Then, at a roadside stand off the beach, the fat boy
opened his mouth to coco frío, a coconut
chilled, then scalped by a machete
so that a straw could inhale the clear milk.
The boy tilted the green shell overhead
and drooled coconut milk down his chin;
suddenly, Puerto Rico was not Coca-Cola
or Brooklyn, and neither was he.

For years afterward, the boy marveled at an island
where the people drank Coca-Cola
and sang jingles from World War II
in a language they did not speak,
while so many coconuts in the trees
sagged heavy with milk, swollen
and unsuckled.

In the poem, repeating the image of the
boy's "opened . . . mouth" is most likely
intended to evoke which of the following
ideas?

Explanation

The repetition of the image of the boy's "opened . . . mouth" suggests the willingness of children to embrace new and unfamiliar experiences. Despite being bored with Coca-Cola, the boy obediently drinks it when offered by his relatives. However, when he encounters coco frío, a drink that is unique to Puerto Rico, his curiosity and openness lead him to eagerly try it. This highlights the idea that children are often more open-minded and receptive to new experiences, even those that may be overlooked or unfamiliar to others.

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28. A proficient reader is most likely to read
at a moderate to slow rate when:

Explanation

When studying a journal article to learn about a topic for a research paper, a proficient reader is most likely to read at a moderate to slow rate. This is because journal articles are typically dense and contain complex information that requires careful reading and comprehension. Reading at a moderate to slow rate allows the reader to fully understand the content, analyze the arguments, and take notes for further reference. It also helps in retaining the information and integrating it into the research paper effectively.

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29. Read the passage below from Heart of Darkness, a short novel by Joseph Conrad; then answer the two questions that follow.

At night sometimes the roll of drums behind the curtain of trees would run up the river and remain sustained faintly, as if hovering in the air high over our heads, till the first break of day. Whether it meant war, peace, or prayer we could not tell. The dawns were heralded by the descent of a chill stillness; the woodcutters slept, their fires burned low; the snapping of a twig would make you start. We were wanderers on a prehistoric earth, on an earth that wore the aspect of an unknown planet. We could have fancied ourselves the first of men taking possession of an accursed inheritance, to be subdued at the cost of profound anguish and of excessive toil. But suddenly, as we struggled round a bend, there would be a glimpse of rush walls, of peaked grass-roofs, a burst of yells, a whirl of black limbs, a mass of hands
clapping, of feet stamping, of bodies swaying, of eyes rolling, under the droop of heavy and motionless foliage.

Which of the following would be the best
topic sentence for a short written analysis
about the author's use of setting in the
passage?

Explanation

The passage describes the setting as strange and inscrutable, creating a sense of fear and disorientation. The author's use of words such as "unknown planet," "accursed inheritance," and "profound anguish" suggests that the environment is unfamiliar and unsettling. This contributes to the overall atmosphere of the story, emphasizing the sense of unease and uncertainty that the characters experience in this primitive setting.

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30. Which of the underlined words in the
passage is spelled incorrectly?

Explanation

The word "tantilizing" is spelled incorrectly. The correct spelling is "titillating."

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31. A legal scholar is giving a speech that
contains technical information. In order to
ensure that nonspecialist members of the
audience are able to understand and retain
significant content from the speech, the
legal scholar should use which of the
following presentation strategies?

Explanation

Providing concise definitions of terms is the most effective presentation strategy in this scenario because it helps nonspecialist members of the audience understand and retain significant content from the speech. By defining technical terms in a clear and concise manner, the legal scholar ensures that everyone can follow along and comprehend the information being presented. This strategy eliminates confusion and enhances the overall understanding of the speech for the nonspecialist audience members.

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32. Which of the following questions would
be most important for a listener to ask in
order to begin to evaluate critically the
soundness of principles introduced during
an oral presentation?

Explanation

The question asks for the most important question to ask in order to evaluate the soundness of principles introduced during an oral presentation. Out of the given options, the question "Is the speaker overlooking or omitting any essential information?" is the most relevant. This question focuses on the content of the presentation and whether the speaker has provided all the necessary information. It assesses the completeness and accuracy of the principles presented, which is crucial in evaluating the soundness of the presentation.

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33. Read the poem below by Li-Young Lee; then answer the question that follows.

I Ask My Mother to Sing

She begins, and my grandmother joins her.
Mother and daughter sing like young girls.
If my father were alive, he would play
his accordion and sway like a boat.

I've never been in Peking, or the Summer Palace,
nor stood on the great Stone Boat to watch
the rain begin on Kuen Ming Lake, the picnickers
running away in the grass.

But I love to hear it sung;
how the waterlilies fill with rain until
they overturn, spilling water into water,
then rock back, and fill with more.

Both women have begun to cry.
But neither stops her song.

The women's tears in the final stanza of
the poem above are best described as an
expression of:

Explanation

The women's tears in the final stanza of the poem are best described as an expression of nostalgic longing. The speaker, who has never experienced the places and moments described in the poem, finds joy in hearing his mother and grandmother sing about them. The tears shed by the women suggest that they too are filled with nostalgia and longing for the places and memories they are singing about. It is a bittersweet emotion that evokes a sense of longing for something that cannot be fully experienced.

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34. Read the passage below; then answer the question that follows.

The words "for purple mountain majesties" might well have been written with New York State's Catskill Mountains in mind. Well-wooded and replete with clear lakes, rushing streams, and roaring waterfalls dropping into deep gorges, the Catskills have long inspired artistic imaginations. During the nineteenth century, the artists of the Hudson River School struggled to depict the distinctive beauty of these spectacular mountains with their combination of misty light, brilliant color, and awesome topography.

Which of the following additional
details would contribute most to the
development of the main point of the
passage?

Explanation

The given answer contributes most to the development of the main point of the passage because it provides specific information about an artist, Asher B. Durand, who experimented with capturing the misty light and craggy views of the Catskills in his artistic representations. This detail supports the main point that the Catskills inspired artistic imaginations, particularly during the nineteenth century, and highlights the unique beauty of the mountains.

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35. Which of the following topic sentences
would be most effective to use in the
excerpt as Sentence 1?

Explanation

The given topic sentence would be most effective as Sentence 1 because it introduces the main idea of the paragraph, which is the impact of the Internet on daily routines. By stating that many new ways of conducting daily routines have emerged since the invention of the Internet, the reader is immediately informed of the focus of the paragraph and what to expect in the following sentences. This topic sentence sets the stage for discussing the changes brought about by the Internet and its significance in daily life.

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36. During an oral interpretation of a poem, it
would be most appropriate for a speaker to
pause for which of the following reasons?

Explanation

During an oral interpretation of a poem, it would be most appropriate for a speaker to pause to emphasize a significant meaning. Pausing at certain points in the poem can help draw attention to important ideas or emotions being conveyed by the poet. By pausing, the speaker allows the audience to reflect on and fully grasp the significance of those particular moments in the poem.

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37. While delivering a speech on underage
drinking to a group of concerned parents/
guardians, a community leader declares,
"You are required to have a license to
carry a gun, to drive a car, and even to get
married, so you should be required to have
a license to consume alcohol." By making
this assertion, the community leader
commits which of the following fallacies
in logic?

Explanation

The community leader commits a false analogy fallacy by comparing the requirement of a license for carrying a gun, driving a car, and getting married to the suggestion of requiring a license to consume alcohol. The situations being compared are not sufficiently similar, as the need for a license in the mentioned cases is related to safety and legal responsibilities, whereas consuming alcohol does not inherently pose the same level of risk or legal obligations.

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38. An engineer is delivering a speech on
structural design to an audience of her
peers. In the middle of the speech, she
uses the phrase, "we do not know the
implications." Which of the following
types of body language would be most
effective for her to employ to support the
message conveyed by this phrase?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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39. Which of the following questioning
strategies would be most important for a
teacher to use to encourage students to
participate actively and openly in
classroom discussions?

Explanation

Alternating more difficult questions with simpler ones would be the most important questioning strategy for a teacher to use to encourage students to participate actively and openly in classroom discussions. This approach allows students of different abilities to engage in the discussion, as they can choose to answer either the simpler or more challenging questions based on their comfort level. It also helps to maintain a balance in the classroom, preventing some students from feeling overwhelmed by difficult questions while others may feel unchallenged by easier ones. This strategy promotes inclusivity and encourages all students to contribute to the discussion.

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40. While reading a chapter in a textbook, a
student pauses periodically to summarize
and reflect on the contents of each passage.
This strategy is likely to promote
comprehension most by helping the
student:

Explanation

By pausing periodically to summarize and reflect on the contents of each passage, the student is actively engaging with the material and processing the information. This strategy allows the student to synthesize the important ideas from the text, which involves combining information from different parts of the passage to form a cohesive understanding. By doing so, the student is able to grasp the main concepts and connections within the text, leading to better comprehension overall.

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41. Read the excerpt below from "Still I
Rise," a poem by Maya Angelou; then
answer the two questions that follow.

1You may write me down in history
2With your bitter, twisted lies,
3You may trod me in the very dirt
4But still, like dust, I'll rise.

5Does my sassiness upset you?
6Why are you beset with gloom?
7'Cause I walk like I've got oil wells
8Pumping in my living room.

9Just like moons and like suns,
10With the certainty of tides,
11Just like hopes springing high,
12Still I'll rise.

Use the information below to answer
the question that follows.

The thesis statement below is developed
for an analytical essay on this excerpt of
the poem.

In her poem "Still I Rise," Maya Angelou
uses vivid imagery to sustain the motif of
strength, self-confidence, and resilience.

Which of the following lines from this
excerpt of the poem provides the best
support for the thesis statement above?

Explanation

Lines 7 and 8 provide the best support for the thesis statement. In these lines, the speaker questions why the person is upset by her sassiness and why they are filled with gloom. She then asserts that she walks as if she has oil wells pumping in her living room. This vivid imagery of abundance and confidence reinforces the motif of strength, self-confidence, and resilience, which is the focus of the thesis statement.

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42. Read the excerpt below from Our Town,
a play by Thornton Wilder; then
answer the question that follows.

STAGE MANAGER. This play is called
"Our Town." . . . The name of the town is
Grover's Corners, New Hampshire—just
across the Massachusetts line: latitude
42 degrees 40 minutes; longitude
70 degrees 37 minutes. The First Act
shows a day in our town. The day is
May 7, 1901. The time is just before
dawn.

[A rooster crows.]

The sky is beginning to show some streaks
of light over in the East there, behind our
mount'in. The morning star always gets
wonderful bright the minute before it has
to go—doesn't it?

In the excerpt above, the role of the stage
manager is most characteristic of which of
the following traditional dramatic roles?

Explanation

The role of the stage manager in the excerpt is most characteristic of the chorus. The stage manager serves as a narrator and guide throughout the play, providing information about the setting, time, and events. Similar to the chorus in traditional dramas, the stage manager offers commentary and insight, helping to set the tone and provide context for the audience.

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43. Read the passage below; then answer the three questions that follow.

Recent discoveries have bolstered the case for the existence of life on Mars. This possibility, long debated in both the scientific and popular press, centers on whether the Red Planet contains sufficient quantities of liquid water to sustain life. Although it has long been known that the Martian polar caps are partially composed of ice, evidence for the existence of liquid water has been much more elusive—so elusive, in fact, that most scientists discounted the possibility of Martian life. They argued that atmospheric conditions near the planet's equator turned ice directly into gas without going through a liquid phase. Any liquid water rising to the surface from warmer regions inside the planet would immediately freeze and be slowly drawn into the atmosphere.

Then in the 1990s, an unmanned space vehicle from the European Space Agency's Mars Express project landed on the planet's surface and produced photographs that made the possibility of liquid water much more conceivable than many had imagined. The new photographs showed an equatorial formation that looked like terrestrial pack ice. The photos pointed to the possibility of liquid subsurface water whose motion had caused the ice on the surface to move, break into pieces, and then refreeze.

The area in question is roughly 278,000 square miles in extent, 150 feet deep, and is covered with a layer of ash and dust that appears to have protected the ice from reacting with the atmosphere. Nearby formations suggest that this "ocean" of ice gushed onto the planet's surface from a group of deep cracks in the ground. The evidence indicates a sudden bursting of great quantities of water from the ground, which quickly froze into a vast area of ice. The same area where the ice was discovered also was found to contain high concentrations of methane. That this gas is often an end product of biological reactions makes the prospect of life on Mars even more likely.

These findings have stirred considerable excitement in the scientific community. The discovery of warm, wet places beneath the Martian surface that predate the beginnings of life on Earth, scientists note, is a matter of considerable importance. That some such places are probably still there is even more significant. For where there is water, there is always the potential for life.

Which of the following excerpts from the
passage is a general statement?

Explanation

The excerpt "The discovery of warm, wet places beneath the Martian surface that predate the beginnings of life on Earth, scientists note, is a matter of considerable importance" is a general statement because it presents a broad idea about the significance of the discovery of warm, wet places on Mars. It does not provide specific details or focus on any particular aspect of the discovery.

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44. Which of the following best describes the
purpose for using the expression "virtual
malt shops" in Sentence 6?

Explanation

The expression "virtual malt shops" is used in Sentence 6 to reinforce an important concept through familiar imagery. By comparing something abstract like "virtual malt shops" to something familiar like actual malt shops, the author helps the reader understand and visualize the concept more easily. This use of familiar imagery strengthens the understanding of the important concept being discussed.

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45. The best way for the leader of a largegroup
discussion to broaden participation
in the discussion would be to:

Explanation

Encouraging group members to respond directly to comments from one another is the best way for the leader to broaden participation in the discussion. This approach promotes active engagement and fosters a sense of inclusivity within the group. By encouraging direct responses, the leader creates an environment where everyone's opinions and perspectives are valued, leading to a more dynamic and interactive discussion. This not only allows for a wider range of ideas to be shared but also encourages participants who may be hesitant to speak up to actively contribute to the conversation.

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46. See booklet - graph question, could not copy

Use the graph below to answer the question that follows.

The graph above most likely represents
information from which of the following
contexts?

Explanation

The graph shows a pattern of fluctuating values over a 24-hour period. This suggests that it represents the number of phone calls received by a utility company's customer service center over each 24-hour period. The other options, such as the number of cars in an employee parking lot, number of newspapers and magazines in stock at a newsstand, and number of patrons at a restaurant, do not exhibit the same pattern of fluctuation over time as shown in the graph.

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47. Structural analysis would be the most
useful strategy to apply to help a reader
determine the meaning of which of the
following words?

Explanation

Structural analysis would be the most useful strategy to apply to help a reader determine the meaning of the word "antithesis." This is because antithesis is a figure of speech that involves contrasting ideas in a balanced or parallel structure. By analyzing the structure of the sentence or phrase in which antithesis is used, the reader can identify the contrasting elements and understand the meaning of the word.

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48. Which of the following sentences contains
language that would be appropriate to use
in the expository essay from which the
excerpt is taken?

Explanation

This sentence would be appropriate to use in an expository essay because it provides information about how students use social networks to survey others' hobbies and interests, which helps them identify prospective members for college special-interest clubs. It presents a factual statement that supports the overall topic of the essay without expressing personal opinions or biases.

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49. Read the speech by Abraham Lincoln
below; then answer the question that
follows.

I presume you all know who I am. I am
humble Abraham Lincoln. I have been
solicited by many friends to become a
candidate for the Legislature. My politics
are short and sweet, like the old woman's
dance. I am in favor of a national bank. I
am in favor of the internal improvement
system, and a high protective tariff. These
are my sentiments and political principles.
If elected, I shall be thankful; if not it will
be all the same.

The style of language used by Lincoln
in the speech above suggests that his
purpose was to:

Explanation

The style of language used by Lincoln in the speech, particularly his reference to being a humble person and his use of simple and relatable language like "short and sweet" and "like the old woman's dance," suggests that his purpose was to associate himself with the average citizen. By using this style, Lincoln aimed to present himself as someone who understood and represented the common people, appealing to their interests and concerns.

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50. Which of the following modes of speech
delivery would be most appropriate to use
for a formal occasion during which the
speaker plans to discuss a sensitive topic
and would like to be sure to introduce
terms and figures of speech carefully?

Explanation

A manuscript mode of speech delivery would be most appropriate for a formal occasion when discussing a sensitive topic and needing to carefully introduce terms and figures of speech. This is because a manuscript allows the speaker to have a prepared script, ensuring that they can choose their words carefully and avoid any unintended mistakes or controversial statements. It provides a structured and controlled approach to delivering the speech, which is suitable for a formal setting where precision and sensitivity are important.

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51. Use the photograph below, by Lewis Hine (ca. 1909), to answer the question that follows.

(Could not copy photograph - use online booklet)

The subject matter of this photograph was
most likely chosen to effect a change in
society's attitude about which of the
following issues?

Explanation

This photograph by Lewis Hine was most likely chosen to effect a change in society's attitude about child labor exploitation. The image depicts a young boy working in a factory, highlighting the harsh conditions and the exploitation of child labor during that time. By capturing this reality, Hine aimed to raise awareness and advocate for better working conditions and the end of child labor.

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52. Read the excerpt below from "A Vision Beyond Time and Place" by N. Scott Momaday; then
answer the question that follows.

When my father was a boy, an old man used to come to [my grandfather] Mammedaty's house and pay his respects. He was a lean old man in braids and was impressive in his age and bearing. His name was Cheney, and he was an arrowmaker. Every morning, my father tells me, Cheney would paint his wrinkled face, go out, and pray aloud to the rising sun.

I often think of old man Cheney, and of his daily devotion to the sun. He was a man who saw very deeply into the distance, I believe, one whose vision extended far beyond the physical boundaries of his time and place. In his mind's eye he could integrate all the realities and illusions of the earth and sky; they became for him profoundly intelligible and whole.

Most Indian people are able to see in these terms. It is indeed the basis upon which they identify themselves as individuals and as a race. When old man Cheney looked into the sunrise, he saw as far into himself, I suspect, as he saw into the distance. He knew certainly of his existence and of his place in the scheme of things.

In contrast, most of us in this society are afflicted with a kind of cultural nearsightedness. . . . [W]e do not see beyond the buildings and billboards that seem at times to be the monuments of our civilization, and consequently we fail to see into the nature and meaning of our own humanity. Now, more than ever, we might do well to enter upon a vision quest of our own, that is, a quest after vision itself.

Which of the following best describes the
Native American "vision" the author
discusses?

Explanation

The author describes the Native American "vision" as a unifying perception of the interconnectedness of all things. This is evident in the excerpt where the author talks about how old man Cheney had a deep understanding of the earth and sky, and how Indian people are able to see in these terms. The author contrasts this with the cultural nearsightedness of society, where people fail to see the interconnectedness and meaning of their own humanity. Therefore, the Native American "vision" is characterized by a belief in the interconnectedness and unity of all things.

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53. Which of the following excerpts from the
passage expresses an opinion rather than a
fact?

Explanation

The given answer expresses an opinion rather than a fact because the statement "The Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s had important social and political consequences" is subjective and open to interpretation. The term "important" is a value judgment and can vary depending on individual perspectives. It is not a verifiable fact that can be proven or disproven.

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54. Read the paragraph below from a personal essay; then answer the question that follows.

___________________________________________________________. It happened during my twelfth summer on the second day of camp. I usually resist my friends' dares or challenges, but something about that day made me feel strong, even invincible. With my newfound confidence, I took my best friend's challenge to jump from the little cliff at the edge of the lake onto a wooden raft fifteen feet away. She went first and seemed to glide effortlessly through the air, landing on her feet as if she had just jumped from her top bunk bed. With a final glance down at her on the raft, I closed my eyes and propelled myself
into the air.

Which of the following would be the most
effective lead sentence for the paragraph
above?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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55. Read the passage below; then answer the two questions that follow.

1In Ernest Hemingway's novella, The Old Man and The Sea, a proud Cuban fisherman named Santiago fails to catch a fish for 84 days. 2Determined to do something about it, he sets out for waters far beyond where fishermen typically go, and after a long and grueling battle, he catches a marlin. 3Lashing it to his skiff, he heads home. 4An hour later, sharks smell blood in the water and begin to attack the marlin, tearing away huge chunks of its flesh. 5By the time he arrives in port, little more than the marlin's skeleton remains. 6Santiago repeatedly fights the sharks off, but he does not have the resources to keep
them at bay.

7Santiago displays tremendous respect for the marlin, which is a truly glorious fighting fish and thus a worthy opponent. 8By contrast, he considers the sharks contemptible predators that prey on other forms of marine life. 9However heroic, his struggle with the sharks means much less to him than his battle with the marlin. 10Literary critics believe that Hemingway used the marlin to symbolize those challenges in life that bring out the best in people and contribute to the development of self. 11The sharks, on the other hand, represent those dark forces that threaten personal destruction. 12That Santiago refuses to give up when fighting them shows that he will not allow himself to be destroyed.

Which of the following changes would
make the sequence of ideas in the first
paragraph of the passage more clear?

Explanation

Reversing the order of sentences 5 and 6 would make the sequence of ideas in the first paragraph more clear. Currently, sentence 5 describes the sharks attacking the marlin and tearing away its flesh, while sentence 6 mentions Santiago fighting off the sharks but lacking the resources to keep them away. By reversing the order, sentence 6 would come before sentence 5, making it clear that Santiago fights off the sharks before they attack the marlin. This change would create a more logical flow of events and improve the clarity of the paragraph.

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56. Read the passage below; then answer the three questions that follow.

1Considered by many to be the soul of Argentina, the tango is a product of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Buenos Aires. 2During the period, Buenos Aires became one of the world's most culturally diverse urban centers. 3Between 1869 and 1914, as a vast flood of immigrants poured in from Cuba, Spain, Italy, Britain, Germany, Africa, and other parts of the globe; the city's population increased from 180,000 to 1.5 million. 4Situated at the mouth of the Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires today is one of the world's largest port cities. 5It was in the bars and dance halls frequented by the young men who made up the bulk of the newcomers that the tango evolved. 6Although members of the Argentine upper classes tended to view the tango with disdain, many of their more adventurous children quickly embraced the new dance. 7When they afterward traveled overseas, they brought the tango with them. 8By the 1910s, the dance was a sensation in Paris and had captured the hearts of people in New York, Rome, and London. 9During the culturally chaotic decade of the 1920s, the dance continued to increase in popularity as people from all walks of life in a growing number of countries learned how to move to the seductive pauses and accelerations of tango music.

Which of the following best describes the
writer's main purpose in the passage?

Explanation

The passage provides information about the origins and diffusion of the tango. It discusses how the tango evolved in Buenos Aires, influenced by the diverse immigrant population and embraced by the younger generation. It also mentions how the dance spread to other countries, such as Paris, New York, Rome, and London, becoming a sensation. Therefore, the main purpose of the writer in the passage is to describe the origins and diffusion of the tango.

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57. In leading a class discussion of a novel, a
teacher would like to ask an open-ended
question that will encourage students to
synthesize ideas. Which of the following
questions would best serve this purpose?

Explanation

This question would best serve the purpose of encouraging students to synthesize ideas because it prompts them to think critically and creatively about the novel's plot and characters. By asking how events could be changed to alter the main character's fate, students are encouraged to analyze the cause-and-effect relationships within the story and consider alternative outcomes. This question also encourages students to think about the themes and messages of the novel, as they explore different possibilities for saving the main character.

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58. Read the excerpt below from A Room of One's Own, an essay by Virginia Woolf; then answer the two questions that follow.

I told you in the course of this paper that Shakespeare had a sister; but do not look for her in Sir Sidney Lee's life of the poet. She died young—alas, she never wrote a word. She lies buried where the omnibuses now stop, opposite the Elephant and Castle. Now my belief is that this poet who never wrote a word and was buried at the crossroads still lives. She lives in you and in me, and in many other women who are not here tonight, for they are washing up the dishes and putting the children to bed. But she lives: for great poets do not die; they are continuing presences; they need only the opportunity to walk among us in the flesh. This opportunity, as I think, it is now coming within your power to give her. For my belief is that if we live another century or so—I am talking of the common life which is the real life and not of the separate lives which we live as individuals—and have five hundred a year each of us and
rooms of our own; if we have the habit of freedom and the courage to write exactly what we think; if we escape a little from the common sitting-room and see human beings not always in their relation to each other but in relation to reality; and the sky, too, and the trees or whatever it may be in themselves; if we look past Milton's bogey, for no human being should shut out the view; if we face the fact, for it is a fact, that there is no arm to cling to, but that we go alone and that our relation is to the world of reality and not only to the world of men and women, then the opportunity will come and the dead poet who was Shakespeare's sister will put on the body she has so often laid down.

It can be inferred from the excerpt that the
author was most likely addressing an
audience composed primarily of:

Explanation

The author's mention of Shakespeare's sister and her untimely death implies a familiarity with English literary history. Additionally, the author discusses the importance of having the opportunity to write and express oneself freely, which suggests a knowledge and appreciation for the literary world. Therefore, it can be inferred that the author was addressing an audience composed primarily of women with knowledge of English literary history.

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59. Which of the following phrases from the
passage would provide the best support for
a thesis statement that addresses the
author's use of figurative language in the
story?

Explanation

The phrase "We were wanderers on a prehistoric earth" would provide the best support for a thesis statement addressing the author's use of figurative language in the story. This phrase uses figurative language to create a vivid image and convey a sense of time and place. It suggests that the characters in the story were exploring a primitive and ancient world, using the metaphor of being "wanderers" to emphasize their unfamiliarity and their journey through a foreign landscape. This use of figurative language adds depth and richness to the story's description of the setting.

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60. When using the Internet to gather
information about a subject, a researcher
could best ensure that information is
credible and sources are objective by
relying mainly on Web sites that:

Explanation

When using the Internet to gather information about a subject, a researcher can best ensure that information is credible and sources are objective by relying mainly on web sites that have clearly identified the authors of all information. This is because knowing the author's identity allows the researcher to assess their expertise, credibility, and potential biases. It also enables the researcher to verify the author's credentials and qualifications in the subject matter. By relying on web sites with clearly identified authors, the researcher can make informed judgments about the reliability and objectivity of the information presented.

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61. In this excerpt, the author's purpose is
most likely to raise questions about:

Explanation

The author's purpose in this excerpt is most likely to raise questions about the social and financial constraints that prevent women from producing literature and art. This can be inferred from the context of the excerpt, which suggests that the author is discussing the challenges faced by women in pursuing creative endeavors due to societal and economic limitations. The other options, such as emotional trauma, influence of Shakespeare, and adversarial relationship between men and women, are not mentioned or implied in the given excerpt.

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62. Which of the following sentences should
be revised to eliminate a redundancy?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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63. Read the passage below; then answer the two questions that follow.

In colonial America, the Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s had important social and political consequences. In many locales, Protestant churches split into Old Light and New Light branches. Where such divisions occurred, Old Light churches attracted older and wealthier individuals who represented the traditional social establishment. Their members viewed the emotionalism of the Great Awakening as a threat to law and order and preferred a more restrained form of religion. By contrast, members of New Light congregations tended to be younger and less wealthy than their Old Light counterparts. Most strongly opposed state churches, which governments in colonies such as Massachusetts and Virginia forced them to support with their tax dollars.

The New Light members were also more likely to link religious values with a concern for social justice. This did not make them social revolutionaries. Even the most radical revivalists did at no time urge their followers to overthrow the existing social order, and these followers never took any subversive actions on their own. What common people did take from the revivalist message was a conviction that under certain circumstances it was justifiable to act in their own behalf. For many, this was a new way of viewing society. Colonial America was a very deferential world in which power flowed in one direction: from the top down. Anything that challenged this conception of how the world worked created at least the potential for change.

Which of the following rhetorical strategies
does the author use in the passage
to convince the reader to accept his or her
point of view?

Explanation

The author uses the rhetorical strategy of appealing to logic in the passage to convince the reader to accept his or her point of view. The author presents a logical argument by providing evidence and reasoning to support their claims. They explain the social and political consequences of the Great Awakening, the divisions between Old Light and New Light churches, and the different perspectives of their members. The author also addresses potential skepticism by stating that the revivalists did not advocate for social revolution or take subversive actions. This logical approach helps to persuade the reader to accept the author's viewpoint.

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64. Read the passage below; then answer the two questions that follow.

To Langston Hughes, she was an eccentric, occasionally bizarre woman who had the nerve to approach strangers in Harlem and measure their heads. To the people in Eatonville, Florida, she was a daughter returning home to listen again to the stories she had first heard as a child. ________ the two sides of Zora Neale Hurston—the trained anthropologist and the child of the rural South—would come together in books such as Mules and Men and Tell My Horse, many of her fellow writers of the Harlem Renaissance never fully understood how they did so. They shared with her the benefits of a college education without knowing what it meant to have been nurtured on the folk culture and oral traditions of African American rural life. That lack of  understanding became particularly apparent when they criticized her writing for being excessively pastoral and insufficiently attentive to the racial oppression they saw as central to the African American story. They could not see that Hurston was trying to capture and convey the life and folk ethos of a people. Nor did her critics fully comprehend the unique mode of expression she developed;________ it was this individuality that gave her writing an authenticity that has enabled it to stand the test of time. It is something that readers today can readily appreciate as they savor the insights and wisdom of a woman who insisted on charting her own course.

Which of the following patterns of
organization does the author use to
develop the argument in the passage?

Explanation

The author uses the pattern of comparison and contrast to develop the argument in the passage. The passage compares the two sides of Zora Neale Hurston - the trained anthropologist and the child of the rural South. It contrasts her understanding of African American folk culture and oral traditions with the lack of understanding from her fellow writers of the Harlem Renaissance. The passage also contrasts the criticism of her writing for being pastoral and insufficiently attentive to racial oppression with the unique mode of expression she developed. This pattern of comparison and contrast helps to highlight the different perspectives and misunderstandings surrounding Hurston's work.

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65. In an essay, a writer would be best able to
reveal how a tone of defiance is created in
this poem by examining primarily the use
of which of the following literary devices?

Explanation

In this essay, the writer would be best able to reveal how a tone of defiance is created in the poem by examining primarily the use of rhythm. Rhythm refers to the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem, which can create a sense of tension, resistance, or defiance. By analyzing the specific rhythmical patterns employed by the poet, the writer can uncover how the poem's structure contributes to the overall tone of defiance.

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66. Details presented in which of the
following sentences best support the
author's conclusion in the passage?

Explanation

Sentence 10 is the best support for the author's conclusion in the passage because it provides specific evidence that directly supports the main point made by the author. This sentence likely presents a strong argument or piece of information that reinforces the author's conclusion, making it the most relevant sentence for supporting the author's point of view.

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67. Which of the following sentences draws
attention away from the main idea of the
first paragraph in the passage?

Explanation

Sentence 4 draws attention away from the main idea of the first paragraph because it introduces a new topic that is not directly related to the main idea. The other sentences in the passage are more closely related to the main idea and provide additional information or support for it. Sentence 4 disrupts the flow of the paragraph and diverts the reader's attention to a different topic.

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68. Which of the following lists of topics
best summarizes the information as it is
presented in the passage?

Explanation

The passage discusses the reasons scientists believed life could not exist on Mars, such as the extreme atmospheric conditions near the Martian equator. It also mentions new evidence produced by the Mars Express project, which discovered deep cracks on the surface of Mars. Additionally, the passage highlights the significance of the discovery of warm, wet places beneath the Martian surface. Therefore, the list of topics that best summarizes the information presented in the passage is 1. reasons scientists believed life could not exist on Mars, 2. new evidence produced by the Mars Express project, and 3. significance of the discovery of warm, wet places beneath the Martian surface.

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69. Read the passage below; then answer
the question that follows.

The issue here could not be simpler. The
president has insisted that this bill be
passed. Either you support your chief
executive on this matter or you are not a
patriotic American.

The passage above best illustrates which
of the following fallacies in logic?

Explanation

The passage presents a false dilemma by stating that either one supports the president on this bill or they are not a patriotic American. This is a fallacy because it presents only two options when there could be other alternatives or perspectives to consider. It oversimplifies the issue and limits the possibilities for discussion or disagreement.

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70. Use the photograph below to answer the question that follows.

(Could not copy photograph - use online booklet)

Which of the following factors would be
most significant in helping a viewer
analyze the visual image in the photograph
above?

Explanation

To analyze the visual image in the photograph, having a basic understanding of the state of aeronautical technology at the time the photograph was taken would be the most significant factor. This understanding would provide context for the technology and advancements depicted in the image, allowing the viewer to interpret and analyze the significance of the aircraft and its features.

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71. Which of the following sentences in the
passage should be revised as indicated?

Explanation

In the given passage, the correct answer is Sentence 3: Change the semicolon after "globe" to a comma. This means that in Sentence 3, the punctuation mark should be revised from a semicolon to a comma after the word "globe".

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72. Use the images below to answer the
question that follows.

(Images could not copy - use online booklet)

The abstract images above would be most
appropriate if selected by a magazine
editor to accompany a brief personal essay
expressing:

Explanation

The abstract images above would be most appropriate if selected by a magazine editor to accompany a brief personal essay expressing anger and frustration. The bold and chaotic shapes, along with the contrasting colors, evoke a sense of intensity and unrest, which aligns with the emotions of anger and frustration. The images convey a feeling of tension and unease, suggesting a turbulent state of mind.

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73. Read the poem below by Percy Bysshe Shelley; then answer the question that follows.

To Wordsworth

Poet of Nature, thou hast wept to know
That things depart which never may return:
Childhood and youth, friendship and love's first glow,
Have fled like sweet dreams, leaving thee to mourn.
These common woes I feel. One loss is mine
Which thou too feel'st, yet I alone deplore.
Thou wert as a lone star, whose light did shine
On some frail bark in winter's midnight roar:
Thou hast like to a rock-built refuge stood
Above the blind and battling multitude:
In honoured poverty thy voice did weave
Songs consecrate to truth and liberty,—
Deserting these, thou leavest me to grieve,
Thus having been, that thou shouldst cease to be.

The poem above best exemplifies which
of the following poetic forms?

Explanation

The poem "To Wordsworth" by Percy Bysshe Shelley is a ballad because it tells a story and has a narrative structure. It expresses the speaker's admiration for Wordsworth as a poet of nature and laments the loss of childhood, youth, friendship, and love. The poem also highlights Wordsworth's resilience and dedication to truth and liberty. The use of rhyme and regular meter further supports the classification of the poem as a ballad.

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74. Which of the following sentences contains
details that best support the author's
argument in the passage?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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75. The editor of a school newspaper is
selecting a photograph to use in a feature
story about police officers who work in
the neighborhood around the school. In
the feature, she would like to use a photo
of the officers that conveys a message of
strength, leadership, and heroism without
introducing a quality of intimidation. She
has four photos to choose from, each of
which is taken from a different perspective.
Which of the following perspectives
would be most effective for conveying the
editor's intended message?

Explanation

A low camera angle, viewing the officers from below and slightly from the side, would be most effective for conveying the editor's intended message. This perspective creates a sense of power and authority, as it makes the officers appear larger and more dominant. At the same time, the slight angle from the side adds a touch of approachability and relatability, preventing the photo from being intimidating. Overall, this perspective effectively conveys the desired message of strength, leadership, and heroism without introducing intimidation.

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76. Which of the following pairs of words
would provide the best transitions if
inserted, in order, into the blank spaces
in the passage?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Although; yet". This pair of words would provide the best transitions if inserted in the blank spaces of the passage. "Although" indicates a contrast or contradiction, while "yet" introduces a continuation or addition to the previous statement. This transition would effectively connect two contrasting ideas and emphasize the continuation of the argument.

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77. Which of the following sentences should
be revised to correct an error in parallel
structure?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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78. Which of the following sentences should
be revised to eliminate unnecessary
wordiness?

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

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