Pharmacology Test: Opioid Analgesia

2.

Actions of morphine include the following except:

Vagal stimulation
Miosis
Antiemetic
Postural hypotension

Correct Answer

A. Antiemetic

Explanation

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic that acts on the central nervous system. It is commonly used for pain relief but also has several other effects. Vagal stimulation refers to the activation of the vagus nerve, which can cause a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. Miosis refers to constriction of the pupil, a common side effect of morphine. Postural hypotension refers to a drop in blood pressure upon standing, which can also occur with morphine use. However, morphine is not typically used as an antiemetic, which is a medication that helps prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

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3.

Morphine induced fall in blood pressure involves the following factors except:

Direct cardiac depression
Direct reduction of vascular tone
Vasomotor centre depression
Histamine release

Correct Answer

A. Direct cardiac depression

Explanation

The correct answer is "Direct cardiac depression." Morphine is known to induce a fall in blood pressure through various mechanisms, such as direct reduction of vascular tone, vasomotor centre depression, and histamine release. However, direct cardiac depression is not one of the factors involved in the morphine-induced fall in blood pressure.

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4.

Instead of depressing, morphine stimulates:

Vasomotor centre
Edinger Westphal nucleus
Temperature regulating centre
Cough centre

Correct Answer

A. Edinger Westphal nucleus

Explanation

Morphine stimulates the Edinger Westphal nucleus. The Edinger Westphal nucleus is responsible for controlling the constriction of the pupil in response to light. Morphine, as an opioid, can cause pupillary constriction, also known as miosis. Therefore, the stimulation of the Edinger Westphal nucleus by morphine leads to the constriction of the pupil.

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1

5.

Morphine induced constipation involves the following mechanisms except:

Increase in tone and decrease in peristalsis activity of intestinal muscles
Antivagal action
Spasm of gastrointestinal sphincters
Reduction of gastrointestinal secretions

Correct Answer

A. Antivagal action

Explanation

Morphine-induced constipation involves various mechanisms, including an increase in tone and a decrease in peristalsis activity of intestinal muscles, spasm of gastrointestinal sphincters, and reduction of gastrointestinal secretions. However, antivagal action is not a mechanism involved in morphine-induced constipation.

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Pharmacology Test: Opioid Analgesia

Significant tolerance does not develop to the following action of morphine:

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Actions of morphine include the following except:

Morphine induced fall in blood pressure involves the following factors except:

Instead of depressing, morphine stimulates:

Morphine induced constipation involves the following mechanisms except: