1.
Energi yang mengalir dalam rantai makanan berasal dari .......
Correct Answer
D. Sinar matahari
Explanation
The energy that flows in a food chain originates from the sun. This is because plants, which are the primary producers in the food chain, use sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose through the process of photosynthesis. This glucose is then used by plants to produce energy for their own growth and survival. As the energy moves up the food chain, it is transferred from plants to herbivores (consumers) and then to carnivores. Therefore, the sun is the ultimate source of energy in a food chain.
2.
Dalam rantai makanan herbivora menempati jabatan sebagai .......
Correct Answer
C. Konsumen I
Explanation
In a food chain, herbivores occupy the position of "Konsumen I" or primary consumers. They feed on producers, which are plants and other autotrophic organisms, and are then consumed by secondary consumers (Konsumen II) and so on. Therefore, herbivores play a crucial role in transferring energy and nutrients from the producers to higher trophic levels in the food chain.
3.
Perhatikan diagram daur biogeokimia karbon (C) berikut ini!
Proses yang terjadi pada tanda X adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Respirasi
Explanation
The process that occurs at X in the carbon biogeochemical cycle diagram is respiration. Respiration is the process by which living organisms convert organic compounds into energy, releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. This process is essential for the survival of organisms as it provides them with the energy needed for various life processes.
4.
Di bawah ini alasan benar tentang ketidak efisienan penggunaan energi dalam rantai makan kecuali .......
Correct Answer
E. Sumber makanan melimpah ruah
Explanation
The given answer, "Sumber makanan melimpah ruah" (Abundant food sources), is incorrect because it does not explain the inefficiency of energy utilization in the food chain. The other options provide valid explanations for energy inefficiency, such as organisms only being able to utilize a small amount of food sources, imperfect digestion processes, high energy requirements for daily activities, and energy loss in the form of heat.
5.
Dalam rantai makanan alga menempati jabatan sebagai .......
Correct Answer
A. Produsen
Explanation
Alga menempati jabatan sebagai produsen dalam rantai makanan. Produsen adalah organisme yang dapat membuat makanan sendiri melalui proses fotosintesis, menggunakan energi matahari, air, dan karbon dioksida. Alga adalah organisme autotrofik yang dapat melakukan fotosintesis, sehingga dapat menghasilkan makanan sendiri. Sebagai produsen, alga merupakan sumber makanan awal dalam rantai makanan, yang kemudian dikonsumsi oleh organisme lain dalam rantai makanan.
6.
Jumlah persen energi yang diperoleh konsumen dari mangsanya adalah .......
Correct Answer
E. 10%
Explanation
The correct answer is 10%. This means that the consumer obtains only 10% of the energy from its prey. This suggests that the energy transfer between trophic levels is not very efficient, as a large amount of energy is lost as it moves up the food chain.
7.
Piramida ekologi yang disusun berdasarkan ukuran tubuh organisme adalah .......
Correct Answer
D. Piramida jumlah individu
Explanation
The correct answer is "Piramida jumlah individu". This is because a pyramid of numbers represents the number of individuals at each trophic level in an ecosystem. It shows the decrease in the number of organisms as you move up the food chain, with fewer predators at the top compared to the large number of producers at the bottom. This pyramid helps to understand the structure and dynamics of an ecosystem by illustrating the relationships and interactions between different organisms.
8.
Bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan tanaman polong-polongan dan mampu mengikat nitrogen bebas dari udara adalah .......
Correct Answer
D. Rhizobium
Explanation
Rhizobium is a type of bacteria that forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants, such as peas and beans. This bacterium has the ability to fix nitrogen from the air and convert it into a form that is usable by the plant. Through this symbiosis, the plant provides the bacteria with carbohydrates, while the bacteria provide the plant with nitrogen. This mutualistic relationship benefits both the plant and the bacteria, making Rhizobium the correct answer.
9.
Semakin panjang rantai makanan maka .....
Correct Answer
D. Konsumen puncak hanya memperoleh sedikit energi
Explanation
In a food chain, energy is transferred from one organism to another. As the length of the food chain increases, there are more levels of organisms involved in the transfer of energy. However, with each transfer, some energy is lost in the form of heat and metabolic processes. Therefore, by the time the energy reaches the top consumer, which is the apex predator or the konsumen puncak, only a small amount of energy remains. Hence, the statement "Konsumen puncak hanya memperoleh sedikit energi" (The top consumer only obtains a small amount of energy) is the correct answer.
10.
Tumbuhan mampu membuat makanan sendiri sehingga dikenal sebagai organisme .....
Correct Answer
A. Autotrof
Explanation
Autotrof is the correct answer because it refers to organisms, like plants, that are capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They do not rely on consuming other organisms for their energy and nutrients, distinguishing them from heterotrophs.
11.
Fungsi penting dari fosfor sebagai berikut kecuali .....
Correct Answer
E. Berperan dalam hujan asam
Explanation
Fosfor memiliki beberapa fungsi penting dalam tubuh, seperti pembentuk ATP (adenosin trifosfat) yang merupakan sumber energi utama dalam sel, penyusun protein, dan komponen penyusun asam nukleat seperti DNA dan RNA. Namun, fosfor tidak berperan dalam hujan asam. Hujan asam terjadi akibat polusi udara yang mengandung sulfur dioksida dan nitrogen dioksida, yang kemudian bereaksi dengan air di atmosfer membentuk asam sulfat dan asam nitrat. Fosfor tidak terlibat dalam proses ini.
12.
Perhatikan gambar tiga piramida ekologi di bawah ini.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Bentuk yang menggambarkan kelemahan piramida biomassa dan piramida jumlah individu adalah .....
Correct Answer
D. 2 dan 1
Explanation
The correct answer is 2 and 1. The reason is that both pyramid 2 and 1 represent the weaknesses of biomass pyramid and individual number pyramid. This can be seen from the fact that pyramid 2 has a smaller base compared to pyramid 3, indicating a decrease in biomass as we move up the trophic levels. Similarly, pyramid 1 shows a decrease in the number of individuals as we move up the trophic levels. Therefore, both pyramid 2 and 1 depict the weaknesses of these two types of pyramids.
13.
Berikut ini yang berperan sebagai konsumen I pada ekosistem sawah adalah .....
Correct Answer
C. Tikus
Explanation
Tikus berperan sebagai konsumen I pada ekosistem sawah karena mereka memakan padi yang merupakan produsen dalam ekosistem itu. Tikus sebagai hewan herbivora akan memakan tumbuhan padi sebagai sumber makanannya. Dengan memakan padi, tikus berperan dalam mengontrol populasi tumbuhan padi sehingga ekosistem sawah tetap seimbang.
14.
Piramida jumlah memiliki kelemahan yaitu .....
Correct Answer
C. Pada ekosistem air tersusun piramida dengan bentuk yang aneh
Explanation
The correct answer is "Pada ekosistem air tersusun piramida dengan bentuk yang aneh." This answer suggests that the weakness of the pyramid of numbers is that it is arranged in an unusual shape in aquatic ecosystems. This implies that the pyramid of numbers may not accurately represent the population dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, making it a weakness of this type of ecological pyramid.
15.
Proses pengubahan nitrit menjadi nitrat pada daur nitrogen disebut .....
Correct Answer
B. Nitratasi
Explanation
The correct answer is Nitratasi. Nitratasi is the process of converting nitrite into nitrate in the nitrogen cycle. This process is carried out by certain bacteria called nitrate-forming bacteria. Nitratasi is an essential step in the nitrogen cycle as it helps in the conversion of toxic nitrite into a less harmful form, nitrate. Nitrate can then be used by plants as a nutrient source.
16.
Di dalam ekosistem sawah yang bukan konsumen II adalah.....
Correct Answer
D. Belalang
Explanation
Belalang is not a consumer II in the rice field ecosystem because it is a primary consumer or herbivore. Consumer II refers to secondary consumers, which are organisms that feed on primary consumers. In this case, the options of bird, frog, owl, and rat are all potential secondary consumers as they feed on insects or other animals. However, belalang is a primary consumer as it feeds on plants, specifically grass and crops. Therefore, belalang does not fit the criteria of a consumer II in the rice field ecosystem.
17.
Sumber energi utama kehidupan di bumi adalah.....
Correct Answer
D. Cahaya matahari
Explanation
The main source of energy for life on Earth is sunlight. Sunlight provides the energy needed for photosynthesis, a process carried out by plants and some other organisms. During photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is then used by the organism for growth and other metabolic processes. This energy is then transferred through the food chain as organisms consume plants or other organisms that have consumed plants. Therefore, sunlight plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth.
18.
Perhatikan jaring-jaring makanan berikut ini.
Trofik ketiga ditempati oleh.....
Correct Answer
B. Ular dan katak
Explanation
The third trophic level is occupied by snakes and frogs. This means that snakes and frogs are consumers that feed on organisms from the second trophic level, which are usually herbivores or primary consumers. They are not at the top of the food chain, but they are higher up compared to the other options given.
19.
Berdasarkan gambar jaring-jaring makanan berikut, katak dan elang berturut-turut menempati tingkat trofik ke ....
Correct Answer
A. III dan IV
Explanation
Based on the given food web, the frog occupies trophic level III as it feeds on insects, which are primary consumers (trophic level II). The eagle, on the other hand, occupies trophic level IV as it feeds on the frog, which is a secondary consumer (trophic level III).
20.
Pada jaring-jaring makanan berikut, ular menempati dua tingkat trofik yang berbeda, yaitu .....
Correct Answer
C. Trofik III dan IV
Explanation
The correct answer is "Trofik III dan IV". In a food web, trophic levels represent the different levels of energy transfer and consumption. Trophic level III represents the secondary consumers, which feed on primary consumers (trophic level II). Trophic level IV represents the tertiary consumers, which feed on the secondary consumers. Therefore, the snake occupies trophic levels III and IV as it is a secondary consumer and can also be a tertiary consumer in certain situations.
21.
Ahli akologi Inggris yang pernah mengusulkan penggunaan piramida jumlah adalah.....
Correct Answer
B. Charles Elton
Explanation
Charles Elton is the correct answer because he was an English ecologist who proposed the use of the pyramid of numbers. This concept represents the number of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Elton's work on ecology and food chains laid the foundation for modern ecological studies and understanding of ecosystem dynamics.
22.
Berikut ini terdapat beberapa organisme di alam.
1. Padi
2. Pepaya
3. Ayam
4. Elang
5. Ular
6. Tikus
7. Kucing
8. Serigala
9. Musang
10. Jagung
Rantai makanan yang dapat terjadi adalah .....
Correct Answer
A. 10 - 6 - 5 - 4
Explanation
The correct answer is 10 - 6 - 5 - 4. This is the correct food chain sequence because corn (jagung) is eaten by rats (tikus), rats are then eaten by snakes (ular), and snakes are then eaten by eagles (elang).
23.
Hewan tidak mampu memanfaatkan energi dari cahaya matahari secara langsung karena hewan tergolong organisme ......
Correct Answer
C. Heterotrof
Explanation
Hewan tidak mampu memanfaatkan energi dari cahaya matahari secara langsung karena hewan tergolong organisme heterotrof. Organisme heterotrof adalah organisme yang tidak dapat membuat makanan sendiri melalui proses fotosintesis, sehingga mereka harus mendapatkan energi dari sumber makanan lain. Hewan mengkonsumsi bahan organik dari tumbuhan atau hewan lain sebagai sumber energi.
24.
Peristiwa hujan asam bisa ditemukan pada daur .....
Correct Answer
C. Sulfur
Explanation
Peristiwa hujan asam terjadi ketika sulfur dioksida (SO2) dan nitrogen dioksida (NO2) terlarut dalam air hujan, membentuk asam sulfat (H2SO4) dan asam nitrat (HNO3). Oleh karena itu, sulfur adalah jawaban yang tepat karena sulfur merupakan salah satu unsur yang berperan dalam terjadinya hujan asam.
25.
Piramida ekologi yang mampu menggambarkan sifat-sifat fungsional ekosistem secara menyeluruh adalah .....
Correct Answer
A. Piramida energi
Explanation
The pyramid of energy is able to depict the overall functional characteristics of an ecosystem because it shows the flow of energy through different trophic levels. It illustrates how energy decreases as it moves up the food chain, with only a small fraction being transferred from one level to the next. This pyramid helps to understand the energy dynamics and efficiency of an ecosystem, highlighting the importance of primary producers in sustaining higher trophic levels.
26.
Unsur penyusun udara atau atmosfer yang terbesar adalah ......
Correct Answer
A. Nitrogen
Explanation
Nitrogen is the most abundant component of the Earth's atmosphere, making up about 78% of it. This is due to the fact that nitrogen is a relatively inert gas, meaning it does not easily react with other elements or compounds. Nitrogen is essential for many biological processes and is a crucial component of proteins and nucleic acids. It is also important for the growth and development of plants. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that nitrogen is the largest constituent of the atmosphere.
27.
Ciri organisme tingkat trofik pertama antara lain sebagai berikut kecuali ......
Correct Answer
B. Mendapatkan energi dalam jumlah kecil
Explanation
Organisme tingkat trofik pertama adalah organisme yang mampu menyusun bahan organik dari bahan anorganik melalui proses fotosintesis. Mereka menggunakan energi langsung dari cahaya matahari dan memiliki klorofil yang memungkinkan mereka untuk melakukan fotosintesis. Namun, mereka tidak mendapatkan energi dalam jumlah kecil, melainkan mereka adalah produsen utama dalam rantai makanan dan menghasilkan energi yang cukup untuk organisme lain di tingkat trofik yang lebih tinggi.
28.
Alasan piramida energi disebut sebagai piramida yang terbaik di bawah ini kecuali ....
Correct Answer
E. Bentuk piramida menjadi terbalik pada ekosistem air
Explanation
The reason why the statement "Bentuk piramida menjadi terbalik pada ekosistem air" is not a valid explanation for the best pyramid of energy is that it is incorrect. The pyramid of energy does not become inverted in aquatic ecosystems. The pyramid of energy represents the flow of energy through trophic levels in an ecosystem, with energy decreasing as it moves up the food chain. This pattern remains the same in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
29.
Di savana hidup kelompok singa dan rusa. Jika Predator sangat aktif, setelah konsumen primer mengalami penurunan maka akan terjadi .....
Correct Answer
B. Peningkatan populasi rumput dan penurunan populasi singa
Explanation
When predators are highly active, it means they are hunting and consuming a large number of primary consumers, which in this case are the rusa (deer). As a result, the population of rusa will decrease. However, since the primary consumers are being consumed at a high rate, there will be less competition for resources such as grass. This will lead to an increase in the population of grass. Additionally, with a decrease in the population of primary consumers, there will also be a decrease in the population of the predators, in this case, the singa (lions). Therefore, the correct answer is "Peningkatan populasi rumput dan penurunan populasi singa."
30.
Berikut ini daur yang saling berhubungan adalah ....
Correct Answer
D. Daur S dan Air
Explanation
The correct answer is "Daur S dan Air". This is because the term "daur" refers to a cycle or a process that involves the continuous movement or transformation of substances. In this case, the cycle between S (probably representing soil or sediment) and air involves the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as the release of substances into the atmosphere through processes like evaporation and transpiration. This cycle is essential for the balance of gases and nutrients in the environment.
31.
Energi kimia yang tersimpan pada tumbuhan ditransfer ke konsumen melalui ......
Correct Answer
A. Rantai makanan
Explanation
The chemical energy stored in plants is transferred to consumers through the food chain. This is because consumers, such as herbivores, eat plants and obtain the stored energy. This energy is then passed on to higher-level consumers through the food chain as they are consumed by other organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is "Rantai makanan" (food chain).
32.
Perhatikan gambar arus energi di bawah ini.
Di bawah ini pernyataan yang berhubungan dengan gambar tersebut, kecuali ....
Correct Answer
E. Unsur abiotik tidak berinteraksi secara langsung dengan unsur biotik
Explanation
The given answer is incorrect because the statement "Unsur abiotik tidak berinteraksi secara langsung dengan unsur biotik" is actually related to the energy flow diagram. The diagram shows the interaction between biotic and abiotic components in an ecosystem, including the flow of energy from the sun to plants, the transfer of energy between organisms, and the recycling of nutrients from dead organisms. Therefore, the correct answer should be "Setiap perubahan energi selalu ada energi yang hilang" which means "Every energy transformation always involves energy loss."
33.
Energi di dalam tumbuhan tersimpan dalam bentuk energi .....
Correct Answer
C. Kimia
Explanation
Energi di dalam tumbuhan tersimpan dalam bentuk energi kimia. Ini karena tumbuhan menggunakan proses fotosintesis untuk mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi kimia melalui reaksi kimia yang kompleks. Energi kimia ini kemudian disimpan dalam molekul-molekul seperti karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein yang ada dalam tumbuhan. Ketika tumbuhan diolah atau dikonsumsi oleh hewan atau manusia, energi kimia ini dapat dilepaskan dan digunakan untuk melakukan berbagai aktivitas seluler.
34.
Urutan daur nitrogen yang benar adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Fiksasi N - amonifikasi - nitrifikasi - denitrifikasi
Explanation
The correct order of the nitrogen cycle is fixation of nitrogen, followed by ammonification, then nitrification, and finally denitrification. Fixation of nitrogen refers to the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form by certain bacteria. Amonification is the process in which organic nitrogen compounds are converted into ammonium ions by decomposer bacteria. Nitrification is the conversion of ammonium ions into nitrites and then into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria. Denitrification is the final step in which nitrates are converted back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria.
35.
Cermati informasi berikut.
"..... Pada tahun 2012 muncul fenomena menggemparkan di lingkungan masyarakat indonesia. Serangga tomcat yang biasa ditemukan di area persawahan bermigrasi di sekitar perumahan warga. Serangga ini memiliki racun paederin yang mampu membuat kulit melepuh. Diketahui serangga ini merupakan predator alami hama wereng. Tomcat berpindah dari lingkungan warga pada malam hari. Jumlah tomcat di sekitar perumahan cukup banyak dan meresahkan warga. ....."
Berpindahnya serangga Tomcat keluar dari habitatnya antara lain karena faktor berikut kecuali .....
Correct Answer
E. Jumlah predator Tomcat meningkat
Explanation
The passage states that the tomcat insects migrated from rice fields to residential areas because they are natural predators of the wereng pests. Therefore, an increase in the number of tomcat predators would not be a reason for them to leave their habitat.
36.
Cermati informasi berikut.
"..... Pada tahun 2012 muncul fenomena menggemparkan di lingkungan masyarakat indonesia. Serangga tomcat yang biasa ditemukan di area persawahan bermigrasi di sekitar perumahan warga. Serangga ini memiliki racun paederin yang mampu membuat kulit melepuh. Diketahui serangga ini merupakan predator alami hama wereng. Tomcat berpindah dari lingkungan warga pada malam hari. Jumlah tomcat di sekitar perumahan cukup banyak dan meresahkan warga. ....."
Serangga Tomcat dalam rantai makanan tersebut menempati tingkat trofik ke ....
Correct Answer
C. III
Explanation
The correct answer is III because the passage states that the Tomcat insect is a natural predator of the wereng pest. In a food chain, organisms at a higher trophic level consume organisms at a lower trophic level. Since the Tomcat feeds on the wereng, it occupies a higher trophic level than the wereng, placing it at trophic level III.
37.
Urutan daur oksigen secara sederhana adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Fotosintesis - oksigen - respirasi - karbondioksida
Explanation
The correct answer is "Fotosintesis - oksigen - respirasi - karbondioksida." This is because photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy and produce oxygen as a byproduct. Oxygen is then used in respiration by plants and animals to release energy from food and produce carbon dioxide as a waste product. Therefore, the correct sequence is photosynthesis, oxygen production, respiration, and carbon dioxide release.
38.
Tingkat trofik dalam suatu rantai makanan ditentukan oleh .....
Correct Answer
C. Cara atau pola yang sama makhluk hidup dalam memperoleh makanan
Explanation
The correct answer is "Cara atau pola yang sama makhluk hidup dalam memperoleh makanan." The trophic level in a food chain is determined by the way or pattern in which organisms obtain their food. This refers to the specific feeding habits and strategies that different organisms have developed to acquire their energy and nutrients.
39.
Salah satu penyebab terjadinya proses denitrifikasi pada daur N adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Tanah kekurangan oksigen
Explanation
Proses denitrifikasi terjadi ketika bakteri denitrifikasi mengubah nitrat menjadi nitrogen gas. Tanah yang kekurangan oksigen akan menciptakan kondisi anaerobik di mana bakteri denitrifikasi dapat berkembang biak dan melakukan reaksi denitrifikasi. Dalam kondisi ini, bakteri denitrifikasi akan menggunakan oksigen yang terikat dalam molekul nitrat sebagai sumber oksigen untuk respirasi mereka, menghasilkan nitrogen gas sebagai produk sampingan. Oleh karena itu, tanah yang kekurangan oksigen merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya proses denitrifikasi pada daur N.
40.
Cermati informasi berikut.
"..... Pada tahun 2012 muncul fenomena menggemparkan di lingkungan masyarakat indonesia. Serangga tomcat yang biasa ditemukan di area persawahan bermigrasi di sekitar perumahan warga. Serangga ini memiliki racun paederin yang mampu membuat kulit melepuh. Diketahui serangga ini merupakan predator alami hama wereng. Tomcat berpindah dari lingkungan warga pada malam hari. Jumlah tomcat di sekitar perumahan cukup banyak dan meresahkan warga. ....."
Dampak yang akan muncul bila Tomcat dimusnahkan secara massal adalah .....
Correct Answer
B. Produksi padi menurun karena serangan hama wereng
Explanation
If the Tomcat insects are mass exterminated, it will lead to a decrease in rice production due to the increased infestation of the wereng pest. Tomcat insects are natural predators of the wereng pest, and their presence helps to control the population of wereng in rice fields. Without the Tomcat insects, the wereng population will grow unchecked, causing significant damage to the rice crops and leading to a decrease in rice production.