Bacteriology Specimen Collection And Processing Quiz

Explanation
A stool culture can be ordered to detect enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella. These pathogens are known to cause gastrointestinal infections and can be identified through a stool culture test. The test involves collecting a stool sample and culturing it in a laboratory to identify the presence of these specific pathogens. The presence of any of these pathogens in the stool sample can indicate an infection and help guide appropriate treatment. The other options listed (Paragonimus, Plasmodium, and Epstein Barr virus) are not enteric pathogens and would not be detected through a stool culture.

Explanation
Answer option 2 is for urinalysis because it is mentioned in the question that the kit is for UA (urinalysis) and microbiology. Since option 2 is specifically mentioned as for urinalysis, it is the correct answer.

Explanation
The correct answer is a combination of Answer option1, Answer option2, and Answer option3. These three options are considered fixatives for intestinal parasites (O & P). Fixatives are substances used to preserve and immobilize the parasites in order to prevent their degradation or movement during the laboratory testing process. Using fixatives ensures that the parasites remain intact and can be accurately identified and analyzed under the microscope.

Explanation
Answer option4 is a preservative for bacterial culture.

Explanation
The correct answer is option 2. A clean vial with no additive is suitable for a stool specimen for bacterial culture if delivered to the lab quickly. This means that the vial should not contain any preservatives or chemicals that could interfere with the growth of bacteria in the culture. It is important for the specimen to be delivered promptly to the lab to ensure accurate results, as delays in transportation can lead to the overgrowth of certain bacteria or the loss of viability of others.

Explanation
Poly vinyl alcohol is a synthetic polymer that is soluble in water and forms a transparent film when dried. It is commonly used as a coating agent, adhesive, and emulsifying agent in various industries. Answer option3 is the correct answer as it suggests that poly vinyl alcohol is one of the options provided.

Explanation
After the blood culture bottle has been removed, the next step is to inoculate the sample onto agar plates and perform a gram stain for identification. This process allows for the growth of microorganisms on the agar plates, which can be further analyzed and identified through the gram stain. This is a standard procedure in microbiology laboratories to determine the presence and type of bacteria in a blood sample.

Explanation
When using a winged infusion set (butterfly needles) to draw blood culture bottle set, the aerobic tube is drawn first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow and thrive, so the aerobic tube is used to collect samples for testing for aerobic bacteria. The anaerobic tube is used to collect samples for testing for anaerobic bacteria, which do not require oxygen to grow. The parasite tube is used to collect samples for testing for parasites.

Explanation
Not thoroughly cleansing the venipuncture site before blood culture collection can result in the true pathogen not being detected in the presence of skin flora. This is because the skin flora can contaminate the blood sample, leading to a false negative result. Additionally, it can lead to unnecessary treatment of patients because of a contaminated specimen.

Explanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that healthcare personnel who carry resistant bacteria like MRSA can unknowingly spread the bacteria to others. Culturing nasal swabs is a reliable method to identify carriers of MRSA, as the bacteria often colonize in the nasal passages. By identifying carriers, appropriate measures can be taken to prevent the transmission of MRSA within healthcare settings and protect patients and staff from infections.

Explanation
Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are indeed two examples of bacteria that can cause pneumonia. These bacteria can be isolated from the sputum of individuals who are affected by pneumonia. Therefore, the statement is true.

Explanation
Dacron and rayon swabs are commonly used for collecting specimens for bacteriological culture. These types of swabs are preferred because they have excellent absorption and release properties, which allow for efficient collection and transportation of the specimen. Cotton swabs are not commonly used for bacteriological culture as they may contain inhibitors that can interfere with the growth of bacteria. Gauze is not typically used as a swab for specimen collection, as it is not designed to effectively absorb and release the specimen.

Explanation
The specimen collection manual of regional reference laboratories, as well as the test menu found on their websites, would include information on appropriate collection sites, appropriate collection procedures, appropriate transport media, and procedures for preparing various specimens for transport. This information is crucial for ensuring that specimens are collected and handled correctly to maintain their integrity and ensure accurate testing. The manual and test menu would not typically include information on how to spill a specimen or who should diagnose the patient.

Explanation
Formalin and PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) can be used to preserve stool specimens for O & P (Ova and Parasite) testing. Formalin acts as a fixative, preserving the morphology of the parasites, while PVA is used as a preservative to prevent degradation of the specimen. Both substances help in maintaining the integrity of the stool sample, allowing for accurate analysis and identification of ova and parasites. Therefore, yes, formalin and PVA can be used to preserve stool specimens for O & P testing.

Explanation
Formalin and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) cannot be used to preserve stool specimens for culture and sensitivity (C&S) testing. Formalin is a fixative that is commonly used for preserving tissues for histological examination, but it is not suitable for preserving microorganisms in stool specimens. PVA is a preservative that is often used for preserving parasites in stool specimens, but it is not effective for preserving bacteria or other microorganisms for C&S testing. Therefore, neither formalin nor PVA can be used for preserving stool specimens for C&S.

Explanation
Cary-Blair can be used to preserve stool specimens for culture and sensitivity testing.

Explanation
Cary-Blair is a transport medium used to preserve stool specimens for bacterial culture, not for O&P (Ova and Parasite) testing. O&P testing requires specific fixatives and preservatives to prevent degradation of the parasites and eggs present in the stool sample. Therefore, Cary-Blair cannot be used to preserve stool specimens for O&P testing.