What Do You Know About Disease Spreader?

In epidemics with super-spreading, the majority of individuals infect relatively few because the primary mode of transmission occurs through secondary contacts. This means that the infected individuals have contact with a smaller number of people, but those people have a higher likelihood of becoming infected. This pattern of transmission leads to a small number of individuals being responsible for a large proportion of the overall infections in the epidemic.

The correct answer is Guangdong, China. SARS, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, first emerged in mid-November 2002 in Guangdong, China. It quickly spread to other parts of China and eventually to other countries, causing a global outbreak. The initial cases were linked to a seafood market in Guangdong, where the virus is believed to have jumped from animals to humans. The outbreak was eventually contained, but not before causing significant illness and deaths worldwide.

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects children. It is transmitted through airborne droplets and can cause severe complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and even death. The virus was successfully eliminated in the United States in 2000, thanks to widespread vaccination efforts. However, it reappeared in 1989 due to a decline in vaccination rates. This resurgence of measles in 1989 led to a renewed focus on immunization campaigns to control the spread of the virus.

Typhoid fever is a human-specific disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. The other options, Amonera Coba and Bobatrea Cocci, are not known to cause typhoid fever. Therefore, the correct answer is Salmonella typhi.

Salmonella typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever in humans. It has been found that this bacterium can persist in infected mice. This means that even after the initial infection, the bacterium can continue to survive and reproduce within the mouse host. This finding is significant because it helps researchers understand how Salmonella typhi is able to persist in certain environments and potentially develop new strategies to prevent and treat typhoid fever in humans.

The given correct answer is "80/20 rules". This suggests that some cases of disease spreader conform to the 80/20 rule, also known as the Pareto principle. This principle states that roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes. In the context of disease spreaders, it implies that a small proportion of individuals may be responsible for a large proportion of disease transmission.

Super spreading events occur when an individual infects a large number of people, contributing significantly to the overall spread of a disease. These events are influenced by various factors, including a decline in herd immunity, which refers to a decrease in the proportion of individuals in a population who are immune to a specific disease. Additionally, nosocomial infections, which are infections acquired in healthcare settings, can contribute to super spreading events. Furthermore, the virulence (severity) and viral load (amount of virus present) of the infectious agent also play a role in the occurrence of super spreading events. Therefore, all of the factors mentioned - decline in herd immunity, nosocomial infections, and virulence/viral load - can shape super spreading events.

Super spreaders are individuals who are more likely to transmit infectious diseases to a larger number of people. They excrete a higher than normal number of pathogens, which are disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, or other infectious agents. These pathogens can be transmitted through various means, such as respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces. Therefore, the correct answer is pathogen.

The SARS outbreak in Hong Kong occurred in 2003. This outbreak was caused by a novel coronavirus, similar to the one responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. SARS, which stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, originated in mainland China and quickly spread to Hong Kong and other countries. It resulted in significant illness and death, with over 8,000 cases and nearly 800 deaths worldwide. The outbreak was eventually contained through strict public health measures, including quarantine and isolation. The year 2003 is the correct answer because it aligns with the historical timeline of the SARS outbreak.

Super spreaders are individuals who have a higher potential to transmit infectious diseases to a large number of people. They can play an extraordinary role in driving outbreaks because they have a higher viral load or are more contagious than others. Their behavior or occupation may also contribute to the rapid spread of the disease. Therefore, the correct answer is "Disease" as it encompasses the concept of infectious outbreaks and the role of super spreaders in driving them.