Do You Know Antimatter?

A positron is the antiparticle of an electron. Antiparticles have the same mass as their corresponding particle but opposite charge. The positron has a positive charge while the electron has a negative charge. When a positron and an electron collide, they annihilate each other, releasing energy in the form of gamma rays. Therefore, the correct answer is electron.

An antiproton is the antiparticle of a proton. Antiparticles have the same mass as their corresponding particles but have opposite charge. In the case of an antiproton, it has the same mass as a proton but carries a negative charge, whereas a proton carries a positive charge. When a particle and its corresponding antiparticle collide, they can annihilate each other, releasing energy in the process.

When a matter particle collides with its antiparticle partner, they annihilate each other, resulting in the release of energy. This process is known as mutual annihilation.

Matter particles usually have a positive baryon number because baryon number represents the number of baryons (particles made up of three quarks) minus the number of antibaryons in a system. Since matter particles are made up of quarks and not their antimatter counterparts, they have a positive baryon number.

The amount of energy released from the collision of a particle and an antiparticle is dependent on the total mass of antimatter and matter. This is because according to Einstein's famous equation E=mc^2, energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared. When a particle and an antiparticle collide, they annihilate each other and their masses are converted into energy. Therefore, the total mass of both the antimatter and matter determines the amount of energy released.

Antimatter particles usually have a negative baryon number because they are composed of antiparticles, which have opposite charges and quantum numbers compared to their corresponding particles. Baryon number is a quantum number that represents the number of baryons (particles made up of three quarks) minus the number of antibaryons in a system. Since antimatter particles are composed of antibaryons, they have a negative baryon number.

Antiprotons and protons have different quantum numbers because they have opposite charges. The quantum numbers describe the unique set of properties and characteristics of a particle, such as its energy, spin, and angular momentum. Since antiprotons have a negative charge and protons have a positive charge, their quantum numbers will be different.

Baryogenesis is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which the imbalance between matter and antimatter in the universe is created. In the early stages of the universe, there was an equal amount of matter and antimatter. However, through baryogenesis, a slight asymmetry was generated, resulting in more matter than antimatter. This imbalance is crucial for the existence of our universe as we know it, as matter and antimatter annihilate each other upon contact. Therefore, baryogenesis explains the development of inequality between matter and antimatter.

The modern theory of antimatter began in 1928. This was the year when physicist Paul Dirac formulated the Dirac equation, which described the behavior of relativistic electrons. Dirac's equation predicted the existence of antiparticles, which are particles with the same mass but opposite charge to their corresponding particles. This groundbreaking theory laid the foundation for the study of antimatter and led to the discovery of the first antiparticle, the positron, in 1932. Thus, 1928 marks a significant milestone in the development of the modern theory of antimatter.

Arthur Schuster is credited with first using the term "antimatter" in a lecture he gave in 1898. He used the term to describe hypothetical particles that would have the same mass as ordinary matter but opposite electrical charge. This concept of antimatter was later developed further by other scientists, including Paul Dirac, who formulated a mathematical theory for its existence. However, Schuster is recognized as the first scientist to introduce the term "antimatter" to describe this concept.