Генетика 1 типови наслеђивања

The statement "Жене и мушкарци имају исти број гена" translates to "Women and men have the same number of genes." The correct answer is "Нетачно" which means "False." This implies that women and men do not have the same number of genes.

The given question is in Serbian and it is asking about the expression of the allele for green color in pea seeds. The correct answer is "рецесиван" which means "recessive" in English. This suggests that the allele for green color is only expressed when it is in a homozygous state, meaning both alleles are for green color. In contrast, the allele for yellow color is dominant, meaning it is expressed even in the presence of the recessive allele.

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This statement is incorrect. Dominant traits can be expressed in both heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals. In heterozygous individuals, where there is one dominant and one recessive allele, the dominant allele will be expressed and the trait will be visible. In homozygous dominant individuals, where there are two dominant alleles, the dominant trait will also be expressed. Therefore, dominant traits can be observed in both heterozygous and homozygous dominant individuals.

The example of intermediate inheritance in humans is the trait of curly hair. This means that if one parent has curly hair and the other parent has straight hair, their child may have hair that is somewhere in between, such as wavy or slightly curly. This is because the gene for curly hair is not completely dominant or recessive, but rather has an intermediate effect on the phenotype.

The correct answer is "исте гене" (same genes). This is because all cells of an organism contain the same set of genes, regardless of their type or parentage. Genes are segments of DNA that carry instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of living organisms. They determine the traits and characteristics of an organism. Therefore, all cells within an organism will have the same genes, although different genes may be active or expressed in different cell types.

The correct answer is "sve navedeno je tačno" which translates to "all of the above is correct". This means that all of the conditions mentioned in the question (galactosemia, alkaptonuria, albinism) are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Autosomal recessive inheritance means that two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease or condition to develop. In this case, if an individual inherits two copies of the abnormal gene associated with galactosemia, alkaptonuria, or albinism, they will exhibit the respective condition.

The correct answer is "46 хромозома у соматским ћелијама" which means "46 chromosomes in somatic cells". This is the correct answer because somatic cells are the non-reproductive cells in the body and they contain 46 chromosomes arranged in pairs, known as a diploid number. This is the normal number of chromosomes found in most human cells, except for the reproductive cells (gametes) which have half the number of chromosomes (23) in order to maintain the correct chromosome number during fertilization.

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes, one from each parent. During sexual reproduction, these homologous chromosomes come together to form a pair, with one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. This pairing is important for the exchange of genetic material and the creation of genetic diversity in offspring. Therefore, the correct answer is "parovi roditeljskih hromozoma" which translates to "pairs of parental chromosomes" in English.

The statement "2/3 свих гена у људском геному је полиморфна" translates to "2/3 of all genes in the human genome are polymorphic." The correct answer "Нетачно" means "False." Therefore, the correct answer indicates that the statement is not true.

The statement says that 1/3 of all genes in the human genome are monomorphic. This means that these genes have only one common form or variant in the population. However, the correct answer is "Нетачно" which means "False" in English. Therefore, the statement is incorrect and not all genes in the human genome are monomorphic.

The correct answer is "све наведено је тачно" which means "all of the above is correct" in English. This means that all of the options listed (брахидактилија, синдактилија, полидактилија) are examples of traits that are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

The correct answer is "кодоминантно наслеђивање." This means that both alleles of a gene are expressed equally in the phenotype of an individual. In the context of blood groups, this refers to the inheritance of ABO blood types. For example, if one parent has blood type A (IAIA) and the other parent has blood type B (IBIB), their child can inherit either blood type A (IAIA), blood type B (IBIB), or blood type AB (IAIB), where both A and B alleles are expressed.

The correct answer is "полигено". This is because the question is asking about the type of inheritance for height, weight, and schizophrenia. "Полигено" refers to polygenic inheritance, which means that these traits are influenced by multiple genes. Polygenic inheritance is characterized by a continuous range of phenotypes, with each gene contributing a small effect to the overall phenotype.

The correct answer is "црвена боја цвета" because the question asks which color of flowers can have a heterozygous combination. Heterozygous means having two different alleles for a particular gene. Since the question does not provide any specific information about the alleles or genes involved, it can be assumed that the color red is a possible option for heterozygous combinations.

The child is heterozygous for blood group A, which means they inherited one allele for blood group A from one parent and one allele for blood group O from the other parent. The possible genotypes of the parents could be AO and AV, as these combinations would result in a child with blood group A and heterozygous genotype.

Based on the given information, the F2 generation has only rose-colored flowers. Therefore, the correct answer is "Only rose-colored flowers."

Based on the given information, the question asks about the color of flowers that can have a homozygous combination. The correct answer states that the colors "црвена боја цвета" (red color of flowers) and "бела боја цвета" (white color of flowers) can have a homozygous combination. This suggests that these two colors can be present in a homozygous state, meaning that both alleles for color in the flowers are the same.

Quantitative (polygenic) traits are determined by a larger number of genes. This means that multiple genes contribute to the expression of these traits, leading to a continuous variation in the population. Unlike qualitative traits, which are determined by a single gene or a few genes, quantitative traits are influenced by the cumulative effect of many genes. This allows for a greater diversity of phenotypes within a population and can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

The genetic code refers to a group of three adjacent bases in a DNA polynucleotide chain. These three bases, known as a codon, encode the information for the synthesis of a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, allowing the DNA sequence to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Therefore, the correct answer is "група од три суседне базе у полинуклеотидном ланцу ДНК" (a group of three adjacent bases in a DNA polynucleotide chain).

The correct answer is "доминанто-рецесиван" which translates to "dominant-recessive" in English. This suggests that the question is asking about the type of inheritance shown in the given data. The term "dominant-recessive" refers to a type of genetic inheritance where one allele (dominant) masks the expression of another allele (recessive).

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Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that is inherited in a recessive manner. This means that in order for an individual to have hemophilia, they must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent. If only one copy of the gene is inherited, the individual will be a carrier of the disorder but will not have symptoms. This pattern of inheritance is characteristic of recessive genetic disorders, where the presence of two copies of the defective gene is necessary for the disorder to manifest.

The correct answer for this question is "наслеђује се аутозомно-рецесивно" (inherited in an autosomal recessive manner). This means that the condition is caused by a recessive gene located on an autosome (non-sex chromosome) and both parents must carry the gene in order for it to be passed on to their offspring.

The given correct answer, 44 + XY, indicates that a healthy boy has 44 chromosomes in the nucleus of his bone cells. The "44" represents the number of autosomes, which are non-sex chromosomes, and the "XY" indicates the presence of the XY sex chromosomes, which determine male characteristics. This combination of chromosomes is typical for a healthy male individual.

Ахондроплазија је обољење које доводи до патуљастог раста. Оно је генетско обољење које утиче на развој костију и хруштаљицу. Особе са ахондроплазијом имају кратке руке и ноге, кратку статуру и друге карактеристике патуљастог раста. Ово обољење је најчешће наследно и може се дијагностиковати у раном детињству.

Daltonism, or color blindness, is a genetic condition that is inherited recessively. This means that both parents must carry the gene for color blindness in order for their child to be affected. If only one parent carries the gene, the child will not have color blindness but may be a carrier of the gene. The recessive nature of the gene explains why color blindness is more common in males, as they only need to inherit one copy of the gene from their mother to be affected.

In this question, the father is normal and can distinguish colors, while the mother is colorblind. Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait that is carried on the X chromosome. Since the mother is colorblind, she must have two copies of the colorblindness allele (XX) while the father must have at least one normal allele (XY). The father can pass on either a normal allele or a colorblind allele to his children, while the mother can only pass on a colorblind allele. Therefore, all the daughters will be healthy (since they need two colorblind alleles to be colorblind) and all the sons will be colorblind (since they only need one colorblind allele to be colorblind).

The correct answer is "генетичке и срединске компоненте" which translates to "genetic and environmental components". This means that both genetic factors and environmental factors have an influence on the variation of quantitative traits. Genetic components refer to the genetic makeup of an individual, which can determine their traits. Environmental components refer to external factors such as nutrition, exposure to toxins, and other environmental factors that can also affect the expression of traits.

The correct answer is "интермедијарни" because it is the only option that is mentioned in the given data. The other options, such as "доминантно-рецесиван," "полигени," "квантитативни," and "корелативни," are not mentioned and therefore cannot be determined as the correct answer based on the given information.

The answer 46, XY is correct because it represents the normal number of chromosomes found in a male muscle cell. The number 46 refers to the total number of chromosomes, and the XY indicates that the individual is male.

The statement in the question is incorrect. Daltonism, also known as color blindness, is a genetic condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that both parents must carry the gene for color blindness and pass it on to their child for the condition to be present. Therefore, the correct answer is "False" or "Нетачно" in Serbian.

The statement "Хемофилија је болест која се наслеђује аутозомно рецесивно" translates to "Hemophilia is a disease that is inherited autosomally recessively." However, this statement is incorrect. Hemophilia is actually a disease that is inherited through the X-linked recessive pattern, meaning it is carried on the X chromosome. This means that the correct answer is "Нетачно" (False).

The blood type of a person is determined by the combination of genes they inherit from their parents. The blood type O is considered a recessive trait, meaning it is only expressed when a person has two O genes. The blood type AB is considered a dominant trait, meaning it is expressed even when a person has one A gene and one B gene. Therefore, if one parent has blood type AB (A and B genes) and the other parent has blood type O (two O genes), they cannot produce a child with blood type O because the child would inherit at least one A or B gene from the AB parent.

Based on the given information, the correct answer is that both red and white color flowers can have a homozygous combination. This means that flowers can have two identical alleles for the color gene, either both red or both white.

A normal sperm cell in a dog contains 38 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome. The question states that the number of chromosomes in a dog's sperm cell is n = 39, which means there are a total of 39 chromosomes. Since autosomes make up the majority of chromosomes and there is only one sex chromosome, the correct combination is 38 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

After the process of mitosis, each new skin cell of the dog will contain the same number of chromosomes and DNA molecules as the original cell. Since n=39, the correct answer is 78 chromosomes and 78 molecules of DNA.

The correct answer is "44 аутозома и 2 полна хромозома". This is because a somatic cell of a healthy male contains 44 autosomes, which are chromosomes that are not involved in determining the sex of an individual, and 2 sex chromosomes, which determine the sex of an individual. In males, the sex chromosomes are typically one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

The correct answer is "брахидактилија" which means brachydactyly in English. Brachydactyly is a condition characterized by unusually short fingers and toes. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the gene mutation from one parent in order to develop the condition. This explanation provides the reason why brachydactyly is the correct answer for the question.

The correct answer is "тачно је све наведено" which translates to "all of the above statements are correct." This means that all of the statements listed in the question are true when it comes to quantitative characteristics.

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The correct answer is that the mother is definitely a carrier of the hemophilia gene and both sons can be hemophiliacs. This can be inferred from the information given in the passage. The mother's fear of her sons getting injured during play suggests that she believes they may have inherited the hemophilia gene from their father, who is a hemophiliac. Therefore, it is likely that the mother is a carrier of the gene. Since hemophilia is a recessive trait, both sons can be hemophiliacs if they inherit the gene from both parents.

The human karyotype refers to the number and appearance of chromosomes in a somatic cell. It consists of 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. This means that each pair of chromosomes consists of one chromosome from the father and one from the mother, which are similar in size, shape, and genetic content. This arrangement allows for genetic diversity and the inheritance of traits from both parents.

In this question, the correct answer is "прималац О (-), давалац О (+)". This means that the recipient has blood type O negative and the donor has blood type O positive. Transfusion reactions can occur when the recipient's immune system recognizes the donor's blood as foreign and launches an immune response. In this case, the recipient has O negative blood, which does not have the Rh factor, while the donor has O positive blood, which does have the Rh factor. This difference in the Rh factor can lead to a transfusion reaction.

A person with blood group A cannot have both parents with blood group O, as blood group O is recessive and cannot be passed on to the child if both parents have blood group O. Similarly, a person with blood group A cannot have a mother with blood group O and a father with blood group B, as blood group B is dominant over blood group O. Therefore, the correct answer is that a person with blood group A cannot have both parents with blood group O and cannot have a mother with blood group O and a father with blood group B.

The correct answer is "основна хромозомска гарнитура" because it refers to the complete set of chromosomes in a cell, which constitutes the genome of an individual. This includes both the autosomes and the sex chromosomes. The term "основна" emphasizes that it encompasses all the genetic information necessary for the development and functioning of an organism.

The set of chromosomes found in spermatozoa can be represented by 22 + Y and 22 + X. This means that spermatozoa contain 22 autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and either a Y chromosome (for male sperm) or an X chromosome (for female sperm). This combination determines the sex of the offspring, with the presence of a Y chromosome resulting in a male and the presence of an X chromosome resulting in a female.

The given answer is a list of genetic disorders that are inherited in a recessive manner. In recessive inheritance, an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, in order to develop the disorder. Galactosemia, alkaptonuria, and albinism are all examples of recessive genetic disorders. Syndactyly, polydactyly, brachydactyly, and achondroplasia are not mentioned in the answer, so they are not inherited in a recessive manner.

A healthy male gamete contains 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome. This is because males have one X and one Y sex chromosome, while females have two X sex chromosomes. The autosomes are non-sex chromosomes that come in pairs, with each pair containing one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father. Therefore, the correct combination of autosomes and sex chromosomes in a healthy male gamete is 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.

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The given answer lists examples of traits that are dominantly inherited in humans. These traits include right-handedness, syndactyly (webbed fingers or toes), black eye color, and polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes). Dominant inheritance means that if a person has one copy of the gene for the trait, they will exhibit the trait.

Alkaptonuria is a metabolic disorder that results from a deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase, which is responsible for breaking down the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. This leads to a buildup of homogentisic acid in the body, causing urine to turn dark and potentially leading to other symptoms such as joint and connective tissue problems. Galactosemia is a disorder where the body cannot break down galactose, albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, astigmatism is a common vision condition, and achondroplasia is a type of dwarfism.

Both of the parents have both dominant and recessive genes, and Ana inherited recessive genes from both parents. This is possible because the trait for blue eyes is recessive, meaning that it only manifests when an individual has two copies of the recessive gene. Since both parents have both dominant and recessive genes, they can pass on the recessive gene to their child. Therefore, Ana having blue eyes is possible in this scenario.

The given examples are all traits that can be inherited dominantly in humans. Right-handedness, free earlobe attachment, black eye color, and polydactyly (having extra fingers or toes) are all traits that can be passed on from one generation to another in a dominant manner.

The correct answer is "22 + X". This suggests that the set of chromosomes found in the egg cell includes 22 autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and one X sex chromosome. The presence of the X chromosome indicates that the individual is female. The other answer choices do not accurately represent the combination of chromosomes found in an egg cell.

The correct answer is that genes of the father's X chromosome are inherited only by daughters and that in the nucleus of female nerve cells, X chromosomes are always paired.

The correct answer is that the fertilized egg cell of a chimpanzee contains 24 pairs of homologous chromosomes, and the body cells of a chimpanzee contain sex chromosomes. This is because the statement correctly reflects the information given in the question, which states that the number of chromosomes in chimpanzee cells is 2n=48. This means that there are 24 pairs of chromosomes, and since the question also mentions that these are homologous chromosomes, it confirms the first statement. Additionally, the question states that the chimpanzee cells contain sex chromosomes, which confirms the second statement. The other statements are not supported by the given information.

The correct answer is that the daughter can have a mother with blood type AB and a father with blood type AB, a mother with blood type A and a father with blood type B, or a mother with blood type B and a father with blood type AB. This is because blood type is determined by the combination of alleles inherited from both parents, and in this case, the daughter can inherit either the A or B allele from each parent, resulting in the possible blood type combinations mentioned in the answer.

Based on the given information, the child has blood type O and is Rh+. The mother has blood type O and is Rh-. This means that the child inherited the Rh factor from the father, who must be Rh+. Therefore, the father cannot have blood type A or B since those blood types are incompatible with the child's blood type O. Additionally, the father cannot have blood type AB since the child has blood type O, which is not compatible with blood type AB. Therefore, the correct answer is "крвне групе A, Rh-".

The correct answer is 76 аутозома и 2 полна хромозома. This is because the question states that a normal dog zygote contains 39 chromosomes, and it specifies that there are 76 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes.

The given examples of recessive inheritance in humans include green eye color and freckles on the face. These traits are considered recessive because they require two copies of the recessive gene to be expressed. In the case of green eye color, both parents must pass on the gene for green eyes for the individual to have green eyes. Similarly, freckles on the face are a result of inheriting the freckle gene from both parents. These traits are not as common as dominant traits because they require a specific combination of genes to be expressed.

The correct answer for this question is "доминантан хомозигот, хетерозигот". In genetics, blood type B is determined by having two copies of the B allele, which is called being homozygous dominant (доминантан хомозигот). Blood type AB is determined by having one copy of the A allele and one copy of the B allele, which is called being heterozygous (хетерозигот).

The given answer includes traits that can be inherited through recessive inheritance in humans. Green eye color, freckles on the face, and left-handedness are all examples of traits that can be passed down through recessive genes. These traits may not be as common as other dominant traits, but they can still be inherited from parents who carry the recessive genes for these traits.

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The given examples are all traits that can be inherited dominantly in humans. This means that if a person has one parent with the trait, they are likely to have the trait as well. Examples of dominant inheritance in humans include having a cleft chin, having free earlobes, having black eye color, and having a white streak of hair. These traits are dominant because they only require one copy of the gene for the trait to be expressed.

The given examples are all traits that can be inherited from parents. Green eye color, freckles on the face, and alkaptonuria are all examples of recessive inheritance, where the trait is only expressed if both parents carry the recessive gene. This means that the trait may not be visible in one generation, but can reappear in future generations if both parents carry the gene.

The given answer states that both parents of the woman in the described case may or may not have six fingers. This is because the gene responsible for six fingers is a mutated dominant gene, meaning that individuals with the gene will have six fingers, but individuals without the gene will have a normal number of fingers. Additionally, the answer states that the son of the man and woman in the text is a carrier of the gene for a normal number of fingers. This suggests that although he does not have six fingers himself, he can pass on the gene to his offspring.

The correct answer includes three different genetic conditions that are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Autosomal recessive inheritance means that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) in order to have the condition. In the case of left-handedness (леворукост), albinism (албинизам), and galactosemia (галактоземија), individuals who are affected have inherited two copies of the mutated gene that causes these conditions. This mode of inheritance is different from autosomal dominant inheritance, where only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to have the condition.