Racunarske Mreze - I Kolokvijum

1. Na sledecoj slici prikazana je topologija:

Prsten

Zvezda

Magistrala

Mes

Tacka-tacka

The correct answer is "Prsten" (Ring). A ring topology is a network configuration where each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular loop. In this topology, data travels in one direction around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches its destination. This topology provides redundancy and fault tolerance, as data can still flow even if one device fails.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Prsten" (Ring). A ring topology is a network configuration where each device is connected to exactly two other devices, forming a circular loop. In this topology, data travels in one direction around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches its destination. This topology provides redundancy and fault tolerance, as data can still flow even if one device fails.

2. Na sledecoj slici prikazana je topologija:

Prsten

Zvezda

Tacka-tacka

Mes

Magistrala

The correct answer is "Tacka-tacka". This suggests that the given topology is a point-to-point topology. In a point-to-point topology, each device is connected directly to another device without any intermediary devices. This means that there is a dedicated communication link between each pair of devices, allowing for efficient and direct communication.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Tacka-tacka". This suggests that the given topology is a point-to-point topology. In a point-to-point topology, each device is connected directly to another device without any intermediary devices. This means that there is a dedicated communication link between each pair of devices, allowing for efficient and direct communication.

3. Na sledecoj slici prikazana je topologija:

Mes

Prsten

Zvezda

Tacka-tacka

Magistrala

The correct answer is "Zvezda" because the given options represent different network topologies. "Zvezda" refers to a star topology where all devices are connected to a central hub. This topology allows for easy management and troubleshooting as each device has its own dedicated connection to the central hub.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Zvezda" because the given options represent different network topologies. "Zvezda" refers to a star topology where all devices are connected to a central hub. This topology allows for easy management and troubleshooting as each device has its own dedicated connection to the central hub.

4. Na sledecoj slici prikazana je topologija:

Prsten

Zvezda

Mes

Magistrala

Tacka-tacka

The correct answer is "Mes" because it is a type of network topology that connects devices in a mesh-like structure. In a mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device, creating multiple paths for data to travel. This type of topology provides high redundancy and fault tolerance as there are multiple paths for data to reach its destination.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Mes" because it is a type of network topology that connects devices in a mesh-like structure. In a mesh topology, each device is connected to every other device, creating multiple paths for data to travel. This type of topology provides high redundancy and fault tolerance as there are multiple paths for data to reach its destination.

5. Koriscenjem dvodimenzionalne provere parnosti moguce je:

Samo ispravljanje gresaka

Samo otkrivanje gresaka

I otkrivanje I ispravljanje gresaka

Using two-dimensional parity check allows for both error detection and error correction. This means that not only can errors be identified, but they can also be fixed.

Explanation

Using two-dimensional parity check allows for both error detection and error correction. This means that not only can errors be identified, but they can also be fixed.

6. Racunarske telekomunikacije predstavljaju:

Osnovu za urusavanje ljudske komunikacije

Sustinski napredak u ljudskoj komunikaciji

Tehnoloski napredak u ljudskoj komunikaciji

Sistem koji nije vezan za ljudsku komunikaciju

Racunarske telekomunikacije predstavljaju tehnološki napredak u ljudskoj komunikaciji. This statement suggests that computer telecommunications represent technological progress in human communication.

Explanation

Racunarske telekomunikacije predstavljaju tehnološki napredak u ljudskoj komunikaciji. This statement suggests that computer telecommunications represent technological progress in human communication.

7. Najnizi sloj OSI modela je:

Fizicki sloj

Sloj aplikacije

Transportni sloj

Sloj medjumreznog povezivanja

The lowest layer of the OSI model is the physical layer. This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the network. It deals with the actual hardware components and physical connections, such as cables, connectors, and network interface cards. The physical layer ensures that the bits sent from one device are received accurately by the receiving device. It establishes and terminates the physical connection between devices and handles the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of data transmission.

Explanation

The lowest layer of the OSI model is the physical layer. This layer is responsible for the physical transmission of data over the network. It deals with the actual hardware components and physical connections, such as cables, connectors, and network interface cards. The physical layer ensures that the bits sent from one device are received accurately by the receiving device. It establishes and terminates the physical connection between devices and handles the electrical, mechanical, and procedural aspects of data transmission.

8. Model racunarskih telekomunikacija kod koga se podaci pre slanja dele u manje jedinice karakteristican je za:

Komutacija clanova

Komutacija veza

Komutacija paketa

The given question is asking for the characteristic of a model of computer telecommunications where data is divided into smaller units before being sent. The correct answer is "Komutacija paketa" which translates to "Packet switching" in English. In packet switching, data is divided into packets and sent individually over a network. This allows for more efficient and reliable transmission of data as packets can take different routes to reach their destination and can be reassembled in the correct order upon arrival.

Explanation

The given question is asking for the characteristic of a model of computer telecommunications where data is divided into smaller units before being sent. The correct answer is "Komutacija paketa" which translates to "Packet switching" in English. In packet switching, data is divided into packets and sent individually over a network. This allows for more efficient and reliable transmission of data as packets can take different routes to reach their destination and can be reassembled in the correct order upon arrival.

9. Kod opsteg modela komunikacija, na primeru neposredne glasovne komunikacije izmedju ljudi, prijemnik je:

Govorni aparat govornika

Jezik na kom se govori

Bubna opna slusaoca

Vazduh

Poruka koja se prenosi

In the context of direct voice communication between people, the receiver refers to the eardrum of the listener. The eardrum is responsible for receiving sound waves and transmitting them to the inner ear for further processing and interpretation. It plays a crucial role in the process of hearing and understanding the message being communicated.

Explanation

In the context of direct voice communication between people, the receiver refers to the eardrum of the listener. The eardrum is responsible for receiving sound waves and transmitting them to the inner ear for further processing and interpretation. It plays a crucial role in the process of hearing and understanding the message being communicated.

10. Kod opsteg modela komunikacija, na primeru neposredne glasovne komunikacije izmedju ljudi, prenosni sistem je:

Vazduh

Bubna opna slusaoca

Poruka koja se prenosi

Jezik na kom se govori

Govorni aparat govornika

In the context of the communication model, the transfer system refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted. In the case of direct voice communication between people, the transfer system is the air. This is because sound waves, which carry the message, travel through the air from the speaker to the listener. Therefore, the correct answer is "Vazduh" (Air).

Explanation

In the context of the communication model, the transfer system refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted. In the case of direct voice communication between people, the transfer system is the air. This is because sound waves, which carry the message, travel through the air from the speaker to the listener. Therefore, the correct answer is "Vazduh" (Air).

11. Najvisi sloj OSI I TCP/IP modela je:

Sloj medjumreznog povezivanja

Sloj aplikacije

Fizicki sloj

Transportni sloj

The correct answer is "Sloj aplikacije". The OSI and TCP/IP models are both networking models that define how communication should occur between different network devices. The application layer is the highest layer in both models and is responsible for providing services directly to the end-user applications. It handles tasks such as data formatting, encryption, and compression. This layer interacts with the application software and ensures that the data is properly transmitted and received.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Sloj aplikacije". The OSI and TCP/IP models are both networking models that define how communication should occur between different network devices. The application layer is the highest layer in both models and is responsible for providing services directly to the end-user applications. It handles tasks such as data formatting, encryption, and compression. This layer interacts with the application software and ensures that the data is properly transmitted and received.

12. Za potrebe privatnih racunarskih mreza IEEE asocijacija je definisala grupu standarda pod brojem:

11.3.802

802

1802

1902

902

The correct answer is 802. The question is asking for the group standard number defined by the IEEE association for private computer networks. The answer "802" is the only option that matches the format of the other standards defined by the IEEE association.

Explanation

The correct answer is 802. The question is asking for the group standard number defined by the IEEE association for private computer networks. The answer "802" is the only option that matches the format of the other standards defined by the IEEE association.

13. Odnos izmedju jednog neispravno prenetog bita na n poslatih bitova naziva se:

Nivo greske

Prilagodljivost

Robusnost

Efikasnost prenosa

Relativna efikasnost

The relationship between one incorrectly transmitted bit out of n transmitted bits is called "Nivo greske" in Serbian, which translates to "Error rate" in English.

Explanation

The relationship between one incorrectly transmitted bit out of n transmitted bits is called "Nivo greske" in Serbian, which translates to "Error rate" in English.

14. Pravila po kojima se odvijaju komunikacije u racunarskim mrezama nazivaju se:

Stekovi

Protokoli

OSI modeli

Okviri

Paketi

TCP/IP modeli

Protokoli se odnose na pravila koja se koriste u komunikaciji u računarskim mrežama. Oni su skup standardizovanih pravila i postupaka koji omogućavaju razmenu podataka između uređaja u mreži. Protokoli definišu format i strukturu podataka, kao i način slanja, primanja i obrade podataka. Korišćenjem protokola, uređaji u mreži mogu efikasno komunicirati i razmenjivati informacije.

Explanation

Protokoli se odnose na pravila koja se koriste u komunikaciji u računarskim mrežama. Oni su skup standardizovanih pravila i postupaka koji omogućavaju razmenu podataka između uređaja u mreži. Protokoli definišu format i strukturu podataka, kao i način slanja, primanja i obrade podataka. Korišćenjem protokola, uređaji u mreži mogu efikasno komunicirati i razmenjivati informacije.

15. Ukoliko je potrebno bezicno povezati racunare na udaljenostima od 50km, izbor je:

DSL

BlueTooth

Frejm relej

WiMAX

WiFi

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the correct choice for wirelessly connecting computers over a distance of 50km. WiMAX is a wireless communication technology that provides long-range and high-speed broadband connections. It operates on licensed frequencies and can provide coverage over large areas, making it suitable for connecting computers at such a distance. DSL, Bluetooth, and WiFi have limited range and are not designed for long-distance connections. Frame relay is a legacy technology that is not commonly used for wireless connections.

Explanation

WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is the correct choice for wirelessly connecting computers over a distance of 50km. WiMAX is a wireless communication technology that provides long-range and high-speed broadband connections. It operates on licensed frequencies and can provide coverage over large areas, making it suitable for connecting computers at such a distance. DSL, Bluetooth, and WiFi have limited range and are not designed for long-distance connections. Frame relay is a legacy technology that is not commonly used for wireless connections.

16. Skracenica ADSL oznacava:

Aggregated digital subscriber line

Assymetric digital subscriber line

Analog digital subscriber line

ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. This technology allows for high-speed internet access over traditional copper telephone lines. The term "asymmetric" refers to the fact that the download speed is typically faster than the upload speed. This is suitable for most internet users who require faster download speeds for activities like streaming, browsing, and downloading files, while the upload speed is less important. ADSL is a widely used and popular technology for residential and small business internet connections.

Explanation

ADSL stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. This technology allows for high-speed internet access over traditional copper telephone lines. The term "asymmetric" refers to the fact that the download speed is typically faster than the upload speed. This is suitable for most internet users who require faster download speeds for activities like streaming, browsing, and downloading files, while the upload speed is less important. ADSL is a widely used and popular technology for residential and small business internet connections.

17. Provera parnosti, kao tehnika za otkrivanje gresaka tokom prenosa podataka, ima mogucnost da oktrije sledeci procenat gresaka:

Procenat varira u zavisnosti od kvaliteta veze

99,9%

25%

100%

75%

50%

The given question asks about the percentage of errors that can be detected using the parity checking technique for data transmission. Parity checking is a simple technique that adds an extra bit to the data being transmitted to check for errors. In this technique, if the number of 1s in the data is even, the parity bit is set to 0, and if the number of 1s is odd, the parity bit is set to 1. Therefore, the parity checking technique can only detect errors when an odd number of bits are flipped during transmission. Since the given question does not provide any information about the quality of the connection, we can assume an equal probability of bit errors, resulting in a 50% chance of detecting errors using parity checking.

Explanation

The given question asks about the percentage of errors that can be detected using the parity checking technique for data transmission. Parity checking is a simple technique that adds an extra bit to the data being transmitted to check for errors. In this technique, if the number of 1s in the data is even, the parity bit is set to 0, and if the number of 1s is odd, the parity bit is set to 1. Therefore, the parity checking technique can only detect errors when an odd number of bits are flipped during transmission. Since the given question does not provide any information about the quality of the connection, we can assume an equal probability of bit errors, resulting in a 50% chance of detecting errors using parity checking.

18. Po tipu medija koji koriste racunarkse mreze mogu biti:

Bezicne

Javne

Na sirem podrucju

Zicne

Privatne

The correct answer is "Bezicne, Zicne". This means that the types of media that can be used on computer networks can be either wireless (bezicne) or wired (zicne). Wireless media refers to the use of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to connect devices without the need for physical cables. On the other hand, wired media refers to the use of physical cables, such as Ethernet cables, to establish connections between devices.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Bezicne, Zicne". This means that the types of media that can be used on computer networks can be either wireless (bezicne) or wired (zicne). Wireless media refers to the use of wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth to connect devices without the need for physical cables. On the other hand, wired media refers to the use of physical cables, such as Ethernet cables, to establish connections between devices.

Submit

19. Racunar salje paket koji treba da primi tri od deset clanova mreze. U pitanju je:

Multicast

Point-to-point

Geocast

Broadcast

Unicast

The correct answer is Multicast. In this scenario, the computer is sending a packet that needs to be received by three out of ten members of the network. Multicast is a network communication method where a single packet is sent to multiple recipients simultaneously. It allows for efficient distribution of data to a specific group of recipients, reducing network traffic and improving scalability.

Explanation

The correct answer is Multicast. In this scenario, the computer is sending a packet that needs to be received by three out of ten members of the network. Multicast is a network communication method where a single packet is sent to multiple recipients simultaneously. It allows for efficient distribution of data to a specific group of recipients, reducing network traffic and improving scalability.

20. Komutatori koji podrzavaju osnovne funkcije rutiranja za potrebe povezivanja razlicitih virualnih lokalnih mreza, nazivaju se:

Ruteri

L3 komutatori

Ruter-komutatori

L2 ruteri

L3 komutatori su komutatori koji podržavaju osnovne funkcije rutiranja za povezivanje različitih virtualnih lokalnih mreža. Ovi komutatori su sposobni da prepoznaju IP adrese i da na osnovu njih usmeravaju podatke između mreža. U poređenju sa L2 ruterima, L3 komutatori su napredniji i imaju veće mogućnosti rutiranja. Ruteri i ruter-komutatori su takođe povezani sa rutiranjem, ali L3 komutatori su specifično dizajnirani za podršku rutiranju između virtualnih lokalnih mreža.

Explanation

L3 komutatori su komutatori koji podržavaju osnovne funkcije rutiranja za povezivanje različitih virtualnih lokalnih mreža. Ovi komutatori su sposobni da prepoznaju IP adrese i da na osnovu njih usmeravaju podatke između mreža. U poređenju sa L2 ruterima, L3 komutatori su napredniji i imaju veće mogućnosti rutiranja. Ruteri i ruter-komutatori su takođe povezani sa rutiranjem, ali L3 komutatori su specifično dizajnirani za podršku rutiranju između virtualnih lokalnih mreža.

21. Termin "rukovanje" ( eng. Handshaking) koristi se da opise sledeci proces:

Sinhronizaciju brzine prenosa

Pravilno rukovanje paketima

Segmentaciju podataka

Uclanjivanje u racunarsku mrezu

Uspostavljanje veze

The term "rukovanje" (eng. Handshaking) is used to describe the process of establishing a connection.

Explanation

The term "rukovanje" (eng. Handshaking) is used to describe the process of establishing a connection.

22. Sa aspekta usmerenosti komunikacija moguci su sledeci tipovi:

Puni-halfpleks

Puni-dupleks

Polu-halfpleks

Polu-dupleks

Polu-simpleks

Simpleks

The possible types of communication based on directionality are full-duplex, half-duplex, and simplex. Full-duplex communication allows for simultaneous two-way communication, where both parties can send and receive data at the same time. Half-duplex communication allows for two-way communication, but only one party can send or receive data at a time. Simplex communication is one-way communication, where data can only be transmitted in one direction. Therefore, the correct answer includes full-duplex, half-duplex, and simplex as possible types of communication based on directionality.

Explanation

The possible types of communication based on directionality are full-duplex, half-duplex, and simplex. Full-duplex communication allows for simultaneous two-way communication, where both parties can send and receive data at the same time. Half-duplex communication allows for two-way communication, but only one party can send or receive data at a time. Simplex communication is one-way communication, where data can only be transmitted in one direction. Therefore, the correct answer includes full-duplex, half-duplex, and simplex as possible types of communication based on directionality.

Submit

23. Najcesce korisceni protokol na mreznom sloju je:

Internet protokol (IP)

Protokol za kontrolu prenosa (TCP)

Eternet protokol

The most commonly used protocol at the network layer is the Internet Protocol (IP). This protocol is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across different networks. It ensures that data is delivered to the correct destination by assigning unique IP addresses to devices and breaking data into packets. IP is the backbone of the internet and enables communication between devices connected to different networks. TCP is a transport layer protocol that works in conjunction with IP to provide reliable data transmission, while Ethernet is a data link layer protocol used for wired local area networks.

Explanation

The most commonly used protocol at the network layer is the Internet Protocol (IP). This protocol is responsible for addressing and routing data packets across different networks. It ensures that data is delivered to the correct destination by assigning unique IP addresses to devices and breaking data into packets. IP is the backbone of the internet and enables communication between devices connected to different networks. TCP is a transport layer protocol that works in conjunction with IP to provide reliable data transmission, while Ethernet is a data link layer protocol used for wired local area networks.

24. Mrezni prolaz (eng. Gateway) ima osnovnu funkciju:

Omogucava komunikacije izmedju susednih racunarskih mreza

Zastitu privatne racunarske mreze

Davanja mrezne konfiguracije clanovima

Filtriranje paketa po razlicitim parametrima

Prevodjenje mreznih adresa

The correct answer is "Omogucava komunikacije izmedju susednih racunarskih mreza." This is because a gateway serves as a bridge between different computer networks, allowing them to communicate with each other. It enables the exchange of data and information between neighboring networks.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Omogucava komunikacije izmedju susednih racunarskih mreza." This is because a gateway serves as a bridge between different computer networks, allowing them to communicate with each other. It enables the exchange of data and information between neighboring networks.

25. Kod opsteg modela komunikacija, na primeru neposredne glasovne komunikacije izmedju ljudi, predajnik je:

Poruka koja se prenosi

Vazduh

Govorni aparat govornika

Jezik na kom se govori

Bubna opna slusaoca

In the context of the communication model, the transmitter refers to the device or mechanism that encodes and sends the message. In this case, the "govorni aparat govornika" (vocal apparatus of the speaker) serves as the transmitter because it is responsible for producing and transmitting the spoken message.

Explanation

In the context of the communication model, the transmitter refers to the device or mechanism that encodes and sends the message. In this case, the "govorni aparat govornika" (vocal apparatus of the speaker) serves as the transmitter because it is responsible for producing and transmitting the spoken message.

26. Razgovor koriscenjem toki-voki uredjaja predstavlja sledeci tip komunikacije:

Multicast

Broadcast

Puni-dupleks

Polu-dupleks

Simpleks

The correct answer is "Polu-dupleks". Polu-dupleks komunikacija se odnosi na situaciju u kojoj dve strane mogu da komuniciraju jedna sa drugom, ali samo jedna strana može da šalje poruke u određenom trenutku. Ovo je slično kao kada koristimo toki-voki uređaj, gde samo jedna osoba može govoriti u isto vreme, dok druga osoba mora da sluša. U ovom slučaju, toki-voki uređaj koristi polu-dupleks komunikaciju.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Polu-dupleks". Polu-dupleks komunikacija se odnosi na situaciju u kojoj dve strane mogu da komuniciraju jedna sa drugom, ali samo jedna strana može da šalje poruke u određenom trenutku. Ovo je slično kao kada koristimo toki-voki uređaj, gde samo jedna osoba može govoriti u isto vreme, dok druga osoba mora da sluša. U ovom slučaju, toki-voki uređaj koristi polu-dupleks komunikaciju.

27. Danas je na raspolaganju (IPv4):

Oko 2 milijarde javnih adresa Internet protokola

Veliki broj javnih adresa Internet protokola

Zanemarljiv broj javnih adresa Internet protokola

The correct answer is "Veliki broj javnih adresa Internet protokola" which means "A large number of public Internet protocol addresses." This answer implies that there are a significant number of available public IPv4 addresses.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Veliki broj javnih adresa Internet protokola" which means "A large number of public Internet protocol addresses." This answer implies that there are a significant number of available public IPv4 addresses.

28. Adresa Internet protokola I mrezna maska se dodeljuju:

Operativnom sistemu

Umprezenom racunaru

Pojedinacnim aplikacijama

Mreznom interfejsu

Internet Protocol (IP) address and network mask are assigned to the network interface. The network interface is responsible for connecting the device to the network and handling the communication between the device and the network. The IP address and network mask are essential for identifying and routing data packets within the network. Therefore, they are assigned to the network interface to ensure proper network connectivity and communication.

Explanation

Internet Protocol (IP) address and network mask are assigned to the network interface. The network interface is responsible for connecting the device to the network and handling the communication between the device and the network. The IP address and network mask are essential for identifying and routing data packets within the network. Therefore, they are assigned to the network interface to ensure proper network connectivity and communication.

29. Prijem TV signala predstavlja sledeci tip komunikacije:

Unicast

Simpleks

Multicast

Polu-dupleks

Puni-dupleks

The correct answer is Simplex. Simplex communication is a one-way communication where information flows in only one direction, from the sender to the receiver. In the context of TV signal reception, it means that the TV signal is transmitted from the broadcasting station to the TV receiver without any feedback or response from the receiver. This type of communication is commonly used in television broadcasting, where the viewers receive the signal but cannot send any information back to the broadcaster.

Explanation

The correct answer is Simplex. Simplex communication is a one-way communication where information flows in only one direction, from the sender to the receiver. In the context of TV signal reception, it means that the TV signal is transmitted from the broadcasting station to the TV receiver without any feedback or response from the receiver. This type of communication is commonly used in television broadcasting, where the viewers receive the signal but cannot send any information back to the broadcaster.

30. Kod za proveru da li je okvir ostecen se u Eternet okvirima nalazi:

Na kraju okvira

U zaglavlju, nakon adresa

U zaglavlju, izmedju adresa

U zaglavlju, pre adresa

U zaglavlju, nakon korisnickih podataka

The correct answer is "Na kraju okvira". In Ethernet frames, the FCS (Frame Check Sequence) is located at the end of the frame. The FCS is a checksum value that is used to verify the integrity of the frame during transmission. By checking the FCS at the end of the frame, it can be determined whether the frame has been damaged or not.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Na kraju okvira". In Ethernet frames, the FCS (Frame Check Sequence) is located at the end of the frame. The FCS is a checksum value that is used to verify the integrity of the frame during transmission. By checking the FCS at the end of the frame, it can be determined whether the frame has been damaged or not.

31. Korisnik za pristup Veb sajtu unosi adresu www.singidunum.ac.rs. Racunar tu adresu prevodi u 212.62.45.222. U pitanju je sledece prevodjenje adresa:

Simbolicko u logicko

Fizicko u logicko

Logicko u simbolicko

Logicko u fizicko

Simbolicko u fizicko

Fizicko u simbolicko

The given question is asking about the translation of the address www.singidunum.ac.rs into the IP address 212.62.45.222. This translation is known as symbolic to logical translation, where the symbolic address (www.singidunum.ac.rs) is converted into a logical address (212.62.45.222).

Explanation

The given question is asking about the translation of the address www.singidunum.ac.rs into the IP address 212.62.45.222. This translation is known as symbolic to logical translation, where the symbolic address (www.singidunum.ac.rs) is converted into a logical address (212.62.45.222).

32. Klase mreznih adresa su zamenjene besklasnim adresovanjem:

1981. Godine

1993. Godine

2011. Godine

2001. Godine

In 1993, the classful addressing system was replaced with classless addressing. Classful addressing divided IP addresses into classes (A, B, C, D, and E) based on the number of network and host bits. This system was inefficient as it allocated large blocks of addresses to organizations, resulting in address wastage. Classless addressing, on the other hand, allows for more flexible allocation of IP addresses by using variable-length subnet masks. This change in addressing was necessary to accommodate the growing demand for IP addresses and to make more efficient use of the available address space.

Explanation

In 1993, the classful addressing system was replaced with classless addressing. Classful addressing divided IP addresses into classes (A, B, C, D, and E) based on the number of network and host bits. This system was inefficient as it allocated large blocks of addresses to organizations, resulting in address wastage. Classless addressing, on the other hand, allows for more flexible allocation of IP addresses by using variable-length subnet masks. This change in addressing was necessary to accommodate the growing demand for IP addresses and to make more efficient use of the available address space.

33. Uredjaji povezani kablovima sa upredenim paricama radice, bez obzira da li je koriscen cross-over ili stair-through kabl, zahvaljujuci sledecoj funciji:

568A-568B media converter

Tx/Rx

Gigabit Ethernet

Auto MDI-X

Auto MDI-X is a function that allows devices connected with twisted pair cables to work regardless of whether a cross-over or straight-through cable is used. This function automatically detects the type of cable being used and adjusts the transmission accordingly, eliminating the need for manual configuration or the use of specific cable types. This ensures that the devices can communicate effectively and eliminates the need for specialized cables in order to establish a connection.

Explanation

Auto MDI-X is a function that allows devices connected with twisted pair cables to work regardless of whether a cross-over or straight-through cable is used. This function automatically detects the type of cable being used and adjusts the transmission accordingly, eliminating the need for manual configuration or the use of specific cable types. This ensures that the devices can communicate effectively and eliminates the need for specialized cables in order to establish a connection.

34. Da bi se smanjilo kasnjenje kod Eternet komutatora potrebno je koristiti:

TP kablove vise kategorije

Gigabitne komutatore

Cut throught rezim rada

Store and forward rezim rada

Sto krace kablove

To reduce latency in an Ethernet switch, it is necessary to use the "Cut through" mode of operation. This mode allows the switch to forward data packets as soon as the destination address is known, without waiting for the entire packet to be received. This reduces the processing time and improves the overall performance of the switch. Using higher category TP cables or Gigabit switches may also help in improving the speed and performance of the network, but the specific solution mentioned in the answer is the "Cut through" mode of operation.

Explanation

To reduce latency in an Ethernet switch, it is necessary to use the "Cut through" mode of operation. This mode allows the switch to forward data packets as soon as the destination address is known, without waiting for the entire packet to be received. This reduces the processing time and improves the overall performance of the switch. Using higher category TP cables or Gigabit switches may also help in improving the speed and performance of the network, but the specific solution mentioned in the answer is the "Cut through" mode of operation.

35. Sum koji postoji kod svih elektricnih signala, a ne predstavlja problem sve dok ne nadvlada proces prenosa podataka, naziva se:

Exo

Preslusavanje

Impulsni sum

Citer

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Beli Gausov sum

Intermodulacioni sum

The correct answer is "Beli Gausov sum". Beli Gausov sum refers to the white Gaussian noise that exists in all electric signals. It is called white because it has a flat power spectral density, meaning it is spread evenly across all frequencies. Gaussian refers to its probability distribution, which follows a Gaussian or normal distribution. This type of noise is not a problem until it overcomes the data transmission process, as it can interfere with the signal and degrade its quality.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Beli Gausov sum". Beli Gausov sum refers to the white Gaussian noise that exists in all electric signals. It is called white because it has a flat power spectral density, meaning it is spread evenly across all frequencies. Gaussian refers to its probability distribution, which follows a Gaussian or normal distribution. This type of noise is not a problem until it overcomes the data transmission process, as it can interfere with the signal and degrade its quality.

36. Racunar salje paket koji treba da prime svi clanovi mreze. U pitanju je:

Point-to-point

Unicast

Geocast

Anycast

Multicast

Broadcast

When a computer sends a packet that is intended to be received by all members of a network, it is referred to as a broadcast. This means that the packet is sent to all devices on the network, regardless of their specific addresses. This is often used for tasks such as sending updates or notifications to all connected devices simultaneously.

Explanation

When a computer sends a packet that is intended to be received by all members of a network, it is referred to as a broadcast. This means that the packet is sent to all devices on the network, regardless of their specific addresses. This is often used for tasks such as sending updates or notifications to all connected devices simultaneously.

37. Ukoliko zelimo da podatke saljemo u manjim jedinicama, koje treba da na odrediste stignu u istom redosledu, resenje je:

Virtualna veza

Komutacija veza

Komutacija paketa

Komutacija paketa je rešenje jer omogućava slanje podataka u manjim jedinicama, koje će stići na odredište u istom redosledu. Kod komutacije paketa, podaci se dele na manje pakete koji se zatim šalju preko mreže. Svaki paket može pratiti sopstveni put i stići na odredište nezavisno od drugih paketa. Na odredištu se paketi ponovo sastavljaju u ispravan redosled kako bi se rekonstruisali originalni podaci.

Explanation

Komutacija paketa je rešenje jer omogućava slanje podataka u manjim jedinicama, koje će stići na odredište u istom redosledu. Kod komutacije paketa, podaci se dele na manje pakete koji se zatim šalju preko mreže. Svaki paket može pratiti sopstveni put i stići na odredište nezavisno od drugih paketa. Na odredištu se paketi ponovo sastavljaju u ispravan redosled kako bi se rekonstruisali originalni podaci.

38. Racunar salje paket koji treba da primi samo jedan od deset clanova mreze, konkrtetno odredjen. U pitanju je:

Geocast

Unicast

Anycast

Multicast

Point-to-point

Unicast is the correct answer because it refers to a communication method where a packet is sent from one sender to one specific receiver. In this scenario, the computer is sending a packet to only one specific member of the network out of the ten members, making it a unicast communication.

Explanation

Unicast is the correct answer because it refers to a communication method where a packet is sent from one sender to one specific receiver. In this scenario, the computer is sending a packet to only one specific member of the network out of the ten members, making it a unicast communication.

39. Uzrok gresaka u telekomunikacionim kanalima koji nastaje usled reflektovanja signala do izvorista, naziva se:

Eho

Citer

Preslusavanje

Impulsni sum

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Beli Gausov sum

Intermodulacioni sum

Eho se odnosi na odraz signala koji se javlja kada se signal reflektuje nazad do izvorišta. To može uzrokovati smetnje i ometanje komunikacije.

Explanation

Eho se odnosi na odraz signala koji se javlja kada se signal reflektuje nazad do izvorišta. To može uzrokovati smetnje i ometanje komunikacije.

40. Racunar, koristeci ARP protokol, prevodi adresu 212.62.45.22 u F4:6D:04:03:3D:FF. U pitanju je sledece prevodjenje adresa:

Fizicko u logicko

Simbolicko u logicko

Simbolicko u fizicko

Logicno u simbolicko

Logicko u fizicko

Fizicko u simbolicko

The given question states that the computer is using the ARP protocol to translate the address 212.62.45.22 into F4:6D:04:03:3D:FF. This translation is from logical (IP) address to physical (MAC) address. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map an IP address to its corresponding MAC address in a local network. Therefore, the correct answer is "Logicko u fizicko" which translates to "Logical to physical" in English.

Explanation

The given question states that the computer is using the ARP protocol to translate the address 212.62.45.22 into F4:6D:04:03:3D:FF. This translation is from logical (IP) address to physical (MAC) address. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is used to map an IP address to its corresponding MAC address in a local network. Therefore, the correct answer is "Logicko u fizicko" which translates to "Logical to physical" in English.

41. Racunar salje podatke preko iznajmljene linije. U pitanju je:

Geocast

Point-to-point

Broadcast

Anycast

Multicast

The correct answer is "Point-to-point". In this scenario, the computer is sending data over a leased line, which means it is establishing a direct connection between two specific points. This is different from broadcast, where data is sent to all devices on a network, or multicast, where data is sent to a select group of devices. Anycast and geocast are not relevant in this context.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Point-to-point". In this scenario, the computer is sending data over a leased line, which means it is establishing a direct connection between two specific points. This is different from broadcast, where data is sent to all devices on a network, or multicast, where data is sent to a select group of devices. Anycast and geocast are not relevant in this context.

42. Multinacionalna kompanija postavlja servere u data-centre razlicitih Internet provajdera, kako bi smanjila vreme pristupa svojim sajtovima. U pitanju je:

Broadcast

Geocast

Unicast

Anycast

Multicast

Point-to-point

The given scenario describes a multinational company setting up servers in data centers of different internet providers to reduce access time to their websites. Geocast is a type of network communication where data is sent to multiple destinations based on their geographical location. In this case, the company is using geocast to distribute their servers across different locations to improve website access time for users in different regions.

Explanation

The given scenario describes a multinational company setting up servers in data centers of different internet providers to reduce access time to their websites. Geocast is a type of network communication where data is sent to multiple destinations based on their geographical location. In this case, the company is using geocast to distribute their servers across different locations to improve website access time for users in different regions.

43. Kod eternet mreza zasnovanih na koaksijalnim kablovima, podatke poslate jednom primaocu primaju:

Samo clanovi u segmentu istog ripitera

Svi clanovi koalizionog domena

Samo clan kome su podaci namenjeni

In Ethernet networks based on coaxial cables, data sent to one receiver is received by all members of the collision domain. This means that all devices connected to the same segment of the network, regardless of whether they are the intended recipient or not, will receive the data.

Explanation

In Ethernet networks based on coaxial cables, data sent to one receiver is received by all members of the collision domain. This means that all devices connected to the same segment of the network, regardless of whether they are the intended recipient or not, will receive the data.

44. Ukoliko zelimo da odredjeni paket dostavimo svim clanovima u mrezi, to mozemo uraditi slanjem na:

Poslednju adresu iz opsega

Prvu adresu iz opsega

Adresu podrazumevanog mreznog prolaza

If we want to deliver a specific package to all members in the network, we can do so by sending it to the last address in the range.

Explanation

If we want to deliver a specific package to all members in the network, we can do so by sending it to the last address in the range.

45. Ukoliko je potrebno povezati dva racunara putem PSTN mreze, tako da se izbegne kasnjenje vezano za biranje broja, potrebno je koristiti:

VoIP

Dial-up

Iznajmljenu liniju

VPN

When connecting two computers via the PSTN network, using a leased line is necessary to avoid any delays associated with dialing a number. A leased line provides a dedicated, always-on connection between the two computers, ensuring a stable and reliable connection without the need for dialing. VoIP, Dial-up, and VPN are not suitable options for avoiding dialing delays in this scenario.

Explanation

When connecting two computers via the PSTN network, using a leased line is necessary to avoid any delays associated with dialing a number. A leased line provides a dedicated, always-on connection between the two computers, ensuring a stable and reliable connection without the need for dialing. VoIP, Dial-up, and VPN are not suitable options for avoiding dialing delays in this scenario.

46. Za povezivanje kablova sa upredenim paricama sa Eternet interfejsima koristi se:

RJ45

568B

568A

BNC

RJ11

The correct answer is RJ45. RJ45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet connections. It is used to connect twisted pair cables to Ethernet interfaces. RJ45 connectors have 8 pins and are designed to be compatible with various Ethernet standards, such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T. They are widely used in networking applications to connect devices such as computers, routers, and switches to a local area network (LAN).

Explanation

The correct answer is RJ45. RJ45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet connections. It is used to connect twisted pair cables to Ethernet interfaces. RJ45 connectors have 8 pins and are designed to be compatible with various Ethernet standards, such as 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, and 1000BASE-T. They are widely used in networking applications to connect devices such as computers, routers, and switches to a local area network (LAN).

47. Ukoliko nakon podizanja operativnog sistema racunara njegov mrezni interfejs ima adresu iz opsega 169.254.0.0/16 to obicno ukazuje na:

DHCP kao izvor zadate adrese

DNS kao izvor zadate adrese

Probleme u radu servisa adresovanja

Staticku zadatu adresu

The correct answer is "Probleme u radu servisa adresovanja" because when a computer's network interface has an address in the range of 169.254.0.0/16, it usually indicates that there are issues with the address assignment service. This range is reserved for Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), which is used when a device is unable to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. Therefore, it suggests that there may be problems with the DHCP service or network configuration.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Probleme u radu servisa adresovanja" because when a computer's network interface has an address in the range of 169.254.0.0/16, it usually indicates that there are issues with the address assignment service. This range is reserved for Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), which is used when a device is unable to obtain an IP address from a DHCP server. Therefore, it suggests that there may be problems with the DHCP service or network configuration.

48. Internet protokol funksionise:

Sa uspostavljanjem I bez raskida veze

Sa uspostavljanjem I raskidom veze

Bez uspostavljanja I raskida veze

Internet protocol functions without establishing and terminating a connection. This means that data can be transmitted over the internet without the need for a formal connection setup or termination process. This is achieved through the use of packet switching, where data is divided into small packets and sent individually across the network. Each packet is then independently routed to its destination, allowing for efficient and flexible communication without the need for a continuous connection.

Explanation

Internet protocol functions without establishing and terminating a connection. This means that data can be transmitted over the internet without the need for a formal connection setup or termination process. This is achieved through the use of packet switching, where data is divided into small packets and sent individually across the network. Each packet is then independently routed to its destination, allowing for efficient and flexible communication without the need for a continuous connection.

49. Komunikacija izmedju racunara koji koriste gigabitni Eternet je sledeceg tipa:

Simpleks

Polu-dupleks

Sa mogucim kolizijama

Puni-dupleks

Multicast

The communication between computers using gigabit Ethernet is full-duplex, meaning that data can be transmitted and received simultaneously. In full-duplex mode, there is a dedicated channel for each direction of communication, allowing for faster and more efficient data transfer. This eliminates the possibility of collisions, as opposed to half-duplex or simplex modes where collisions can occur. Multicast refers to the transmission of data to multiple recipients simultaneously and is not specific to the type of communication between computers using gigabit Ethernet.

Explanation

The communication between computers using gigabit Ethernet is full-duplex, meaning that data can be transmitted and received simultaneously. In full-duplex mode, there is a dedicated channel for each direction of communication, allowing for faster and more efficient data transfer. This eliminates the possibility of collisions, as opposed to half-duplex or simplex modes where collisions can occur. Multicast refers to the transmission of data to multiple recipients simultaneously and is not specific to the type of communication between computers using gigabit Ethernet.

50. Mogucnost istovremenog razgovora, slanja podataka I prijema podataka kod DSL tehnologije omoguceno je:

Paketskim prenosom podatak

Koriscenjem razlicitih zica u telefonskim kablovima

Vremenskim multipleksovanjem

Koriscenjem razlicitih frekvencijskih opsega

The ability to have simultaneous conversations, data transmission, and data reception in DSL technology is enabled by using different frequency ranges. By utilizing different frequency bands, DSL technology is able to separate voice and data signals, allowing for multiple conversations and data transfer to occur concurrently over the same telephone line.

Explanation

The ability to have simultaneous conversations, data transmission, and data reception in DSL technology is enabled by using different frequency ranges. By utilizing different frequency bands, DSL technology is able to separate voice and data signals, allowing for multiple conversations and data transfer to occur concurrently over the same telephone line.

51. Uvodjenje klasa mreza (1981. Godina) dovelo je do:

Odredjivanja velicine mreze na osnovu prvih bitova adrese

Potrebe za uvodjenjem mrezne maske

Smanjenja broja slobodnih adresa

Privremenog prekida u radu internet mreze

The introduction of network classes in 1981 led to the determination of network size based on the first bits of the address. This means that the first few bits of the IP address were used to identify the network to which the device belongs. This allowed for better organization and management of networks, as well as efficient routing of data packets. It also helped in optimizing the allocation of IP addresses and reducing the wastage of available addresses.

Explanation

The introduction of network classes in 1981 led to the determination of network size based on the first bits of the address. This means that the first few bits of the IP address were used to identify the network to which the device belongs. This allowed for better organization and management of networks, as well as efficient routing of data packets. It also helped in optimizing the allocation of IP addresses and reducing the wastage of available addresses.

52. Primer protokola koji radi bez uspostavljanja veze je:

UDP

TCP

PPP

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that operates without establishing a connection between the sender and receiver. Unlike TCP, which requires a three-way handshake to establish a connection, UDP simply sends packets of data without any confirmation of receipt. This makes UDP faster and more efficient for transmitting data where speed is more important than reliability, such as real-time streaming or online gaming. Therefore, UDP is the correct answer as it is a protocol that operates without establishing a connection.

Explanation

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that operates without establishing a connection between the sender and receiver. Unlike TCP, which requires a three-way handshake to establish a connection, UDP simply sends packets of data without any confirmation of receipt. This makes UDP faster and more efficient for transmitting data where speed is more important than reliability, such as real-time streaming or online gaming. Therefore, UDP is the correct answer as it is a protocol that operates without establishing a connection.

53. Paketi Internet protokola se nazivaju:

Datagrami

Segmenti

Okviri

Paketi Internet protokola se nazivaju datagrami. Datagrami su jedinice podataka koje se šalju preko IP mreže. Oni sadrže informacije o izvoru i odredištu podataka, kao i sami podaci koji se prenose. Datagrami su nezavisni jedinice podataka i mogu se rutirati nezavisno jedan od drugog.

Explanation

Paketi Internet protokola se nazivaju datagrami. Datagrami su jedinice podataka koje se šalju preko IP mreže. Oni sadrže informacije o izvoru i odredištu podataka, kao i sami podaci koji se prenose. Datagrami su nezavisni jedinice podataka i mogu se rutirati nezavisno jedan od drugog.

54. Uzrok gresaka u telekomunikacionim kanalima, koga karakterise veliki intezitet I kratko trajanje, a izazvan je naglim promenama struje, naziva se:

Eho

Dziter

Beli gausov sum

Intermodulacioni sum

Impulsni sum

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Preslusavanje

Impulsni sum je naziv za grešku u telekomunikacionim kanalima koja se karakteriše velikim intenzitetom i kratkim trajanjem, a izazvana je naglim promenama struje.

Explanation

Impulsni sum je naziv za grešku u telekomunikacionim kanalima koja se karakteriše velikim intenzitetom i kratkim trajanjem, a izazvana je naglim promenama struje.

55. Which one do you like?

European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, ICANN

International Telecommunication Union ITU

Internet Engineering Tast Force, IETF

Free Software Foundation, FSF

ICANN is the correct answer because it is the organization responsible for managing and coordinating the Domain Name System (DNS) and IP address allocation. They ensure that every domain name and IP address is unique and properly assigned. The other options listed are also related to telecommunications and internet standards, but they do not specifically handle the assignment and management of domain names and IP addresses like ICANN does.

Explanation

ICANN is the correct answer because it is the organization responsible for managing and coordinating the Domain Name System (DNS) and IP address allocation. They ensure that every domain name and IP address is unique and properly assigned. The other options listed are also related to telecommunications and internet standards, but they do not specifically handle the assignment and management of domain names and IP addresses like ICANN does.

56. Slojevit model racunarskih telekomunikacija, koji je razvila ISO organizacija, naziva se:

Open Systems Interconnection

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

Open System Internetworking

Internet protocol

Tele-Communication Protocol / Internet Protocol

The correct answer is Open Systems Interconnection. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to facilitate interoperability between different computer systems and networks. The OSI model provides a structured approach to designing and implementing network protocols, allowing different devices and applications to communicate with each other effectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is Open Systems Interconnection. The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a communication system into seven different layers. It was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to facilitate interoperability between different computer systems and networks. The OSI model provides a structured approach to designing and implementing network protocols, allowing different devices and applications to communicate with each other effectively.

57. Koriscenje "splitera" kod DSL tehnologije sluzi za:

Koncentrisanje veceg broja linija na cvoristu

Razlicite brzine preuzimanja I slanja podataka

Koriscenje vise telefonskih uredjaja na jednoj liniji

Sprecavanje mesanja frekvencijskih opsega

The use of a "splitter" in DSL technology is to prevent interference between frequency ranges. This means that the splitter separates the voice and data signals, allowing them to travel on different frequencies without interfering with each other. By doing so, the splitter ensures that the voice calls and data transmissions do not disrupt each other, resulting in clear and uninterrupted communication.

Explanation

The use of a "splitter" in DSL technology is to prevent interference between frequency ranges. This means that the splitter separates the voice and data signals, allowing them to travel on different frequencies without interfering with each other. By doing so, the splitter ensures that the voice calls and data transmissions do not disrupt each other, resulting in clear and uninterrupted communication.

58. Termin "visestruko udmoljavanje" (eng. Multihoming) odnosi se na:

Dodeljivanje visestrukih mreznih kartica serveru

Agregiranje visestrukih veza izmedju komutatora

Uclanjivanje vise racunara u jednu racunarsku mrezu

Povezivanje racunara sa dve racunarske mreze

Slanje paketa visestrukim primaocima (multicast)

Multihoming refers to the process of connecting a computer to two or more computer networks simultaneously. This allows the computer to communicate with devices on multiple networks, increasing redundancy and improving network performance. Multihoming can be achieved by using multiple network cards or by connecting to multiple networks through a single network card. In this case, the correct answer is "Povezivanje racunara sa dve racunarske mreze" which translates to "Connecting a computer to two computer networks".

Explanation

Multihoming refers to the process of connecting a computer to two or more computer networks simultaneously. This allows the computer to communicate with devices on multiple networks, increasing redundancy and improving network performance. Multihoming can be achieved by using multiple network cards or by connecting to multiple networks through a single network card. In this case, the correct answer is "Povezivanje racunara sa dve racunarske mreze" which translates to "Connecting a computer to two computer networks".

59. Osnovni elementi opsteg modela komunikacionog sistema su:

Bezicni I zicni prenos

Prenosni sistem

Predajnik

Odrediste

Nacin kodovanja

Prijemnik

Izvor

The basic elements of a general model of a communication system are the transmission system, transmitter, destination, receiver, and source. The transmission system refers to the medium through which the communication signals are transmitted, such as wireless or wired transmission. The transmitter is responsible for encoding and sending the information. The destination is the intended recipient of the message. The receiver decodes the information and retrieves the message. The source is the originator of the message.

Explanation

The basic elements of a general model of a communication system are the transmission system, transmitter, destination, receiver, and source. The transmission system refers to the medium through which the communication signals are transmitted, such as wireless or wired transmission. The transmitter is responsible for encoding and sending the information. The destination is the intended recipient of the message. The receiver decodes the information and retrieves the message. The source is the originator of the message.

Submit

60. Primer protokola koji radi sa uspostavljanjem veze je:

UDP

Ethernet

IP

UDP

TCP

The correct answer is TCP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that is responsible for establishing a reliable and connection-oriented communication between two devices over a network. It ensures that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is also a protocol that works with establishing a connection, but it is unreliable and connectionless. Ethernet and IP are not protocols for establishing connections, but rather for data transmission and network addressing, respectively.

Explanation

The correct answer is TCP. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a protocol that is responsible for establishing a reliable and connection-oriented communication between two devices over a network. It ensures that data packets are delivered in the correct order and without errors. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is also a protocol that works with establishing a connection, but it is unreliable and connectionless. Ethernet and IP are not protocols for establishing connections, but rather for data transmission and network addressing, respectively.

61. Polje TTL u zaglavlju paketa Internet protokola oznacava:

Preostali broj bitova za sadrzaj paketa

Preostalo vreme dozvoljenog postojanja paketa

Preostali broj dozvoljenih skokova paketa

The correct answer is "Preostalo vreme dozvoljenog postojanja paketa." The Time to Live (TTL) field in the Internet Protocol (IP) header indicates the remaining time that a packet is allowed to exist within a network before it is discarded. As the packet travels through different routers and networks, the TTL value is decremented by one. If the TTL reaches zero, the packet is dropped and an error message is sent back to the source. This mechanism prevents packets from circulating indefinitely in a network.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Preostalo vreme dozvoljenog postojanja paketa." The Time to Live (TTL) field in the Internet Protocol (IP) header indicates the remaining time that a packet is allowed to exist within a network before it is discarded. As the packet travels through different routers and networks, the TTL value is decremented by one. If the TTL reaches zero, the packet is dropped and an error message is sent back to the source. This mechanism prevents packets from circulating indefinitely in a network.

62. Jedinice podataka Eternet tehnologije se nazivaju:

Eternetgramima

Paketima

Datagramima

Porukama

Okvirima

The correct answer is "Okvirima" because in Ethernet technology, data is transmitted in the form of frames or packets. These frames contain the source and destination addresses, as well as the actual data being transmitted. Therefore, the units of data in Ethernet technology are referred to as "okviri" or frames.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Okvirima" because in Ethernet technology, data is transmitted in the form of frames or packets. These frames contain the source and destination addresses, as well as the actual data being transmitted. Therefore, the units of data in Ethernet technology are referred to as "okviri" or frames.

63. ISDN tehnologija se danas primarno koristi za:

Povezivanje cvorista internet provajdera

Brz pristup internetu

Visestruke telefonske linije

ISDN tehnologija se danas primarno koristi za brz pristup internetu. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) je tehnologija koja omogućava prenos podataka, glasa i video zapisa preko digitalne telefonske linije. Ova tehnologija omogućava brz pristup internetu putem telefonske linije, što je korisno za korisnike koji nemaju pristup širokopojasnom internetu. Povezivanje čvorista internet provajdera također može biti jedna od primena ISDN tehnologije, ali brz pristup internetu je primarna svrha.

Explanation

ISDN tehnologija se danas primarno koristi za brz pristup internetu. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) je tehnologija koja omogućava prenos podataka, glasa i video zapisa preko digitalne telefonske linije. Ova tehnologija omogućava brz pristup internetu putem telefonske linije, što je korisno za korisnike koji nemaju pristup širokopojasnom internetu. Povezivanje čvorista internet provajdera također može biti jedna od primena ISDN tehnologije, ali brz pristup internetu je primarna svrha.

64. Uredjaji cija je uloga bila A/D konverzija kod klasicne PSTN mreze zovu se:

Multiplekseri

Ripiteri

Komutatori

Modemi

Ruteri

Modemi are devices that are used for A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion in the classical PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) network. They convert analog signals from telephone lines into digital signals that can be transmitted over digital networks. Modems play a crucial role in enabling communication between analog devices, such as telephones, and digital networks.

Explanation

Modemi are devices that are used for A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion in the classical PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) network. They convert analog signals from telephone lines into digital signals that can be transmitted over digital networks. Modems play a crucial role in enabling communication between analog devices, such as telephones, and digital networks.

65. Osnovni uzroci gresaka u racunarskim mrezama su:

Sum

Zastareli mrezni uredjaji

Neispravni mrezni interfejsi

Degradacija signala

Prevelika brzina prenosa

The given answer lists two basic causes of errors in computer networks: sum and signal degradation. "Sum" refers to the accumulation of errors or noise in the network, which can occur due to various factors such as interference, congestion, or incorrect data transmission. "Degradation of signal" refers to the deterioration of the quality of the transmitted signal, which can happen due to factors like distance, attenuation, or electromagnetic interference. Both of these factors can lead to errors in network communication and affect the overall performance and reliability of the network.

Explanation

The given answer lists two basic causes of errors in computer networks: sum and signal degradation. "Sum" refers to the accumulation of errors or noise in the network, which can occur due to various factors such as interference, congestion, or incorrect data transmission. "Degradation of signal" refers to the deterioration of the quality of the transmitted signal, which can happen due to factors like distance, attenuation, or electromagnetic interference. Both of these factors can lead to errors in network communication and affect the overall performance and reliability of the network.

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66. Sistem koji koristi kodove koji sadrze dovoljno redudanse da se greske na komunikacionom kanalu mogu na prijemu detektovati I ispraviti, bez ponovnog slanja, naziva se:

Ciklicna redundantna provera

Parnost

Korekcija greske unapred

Kontolna suma

Polinomijalna redundantna provera

Korekcija greske unapred je sistem koji koristi kodove sa dovoljno redudanse da se greske na komunikacionom kanalu mogu na prijemu detektovati i ispraviti, bez potrebe za ponovnim slanjem. Ova tehnika omogućava ispravljanje grešaka čak i ako se one dogode tokom prenosa podataka.

Explanation

Korekcija greske unapred je sistem koji koristi kodove sa dovoljno redudanse da se greske na komunikacionom kanalu mogu na prijemu detektovati i ispraviti, bez potrebe za ponovnim slanjem. Ova tehnika omogućava ispravljanje grešaka čak i ako se one dogode tokom prenosa podataka.

67. Kod detekcije greske zasnovan na operaciji sabiranja koja se vrzi nad karakterima koji treba da se provere naziva se:

Protokolarna greska

Parnost

Ciklicna redundantna provera

Kontrolna suma

Polinomijalna redundantna provera

The given correct answer is "Kontrolna suma" because a checksum is a detection method that involves performing a mathematical operation (usually addition) on the characters that need to be checked. It is used to verify the integrity of data during transmission and detect any errors that may have occurred. The checksum is calculated at the sender's end and then compared with the checksum calculated at the receiver's end to ensure that the data has been transmitted correctly.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Kontrolna suma" because a checksum is a detection method that involves performing a mathematical operation (usually addition) on the characters that need to be checked. It is used to verify the integrity of data during transmission and detect any errors that may have occurred. The checksum is calculated at the sender's end and then compared with the checksum calculated at the receiver's end to ensure that the data has been transmitted correctly.

68. Prvobitna telefonska mreza predstavlja sistem za telekomunikaciju sa:

Virtualnim vezama

Komutacijom paketa

Komutacijom veza

Komutacijom clanova

The correct answer is "Komutacijom veza." This is because the term "komutacija veza" refers to circuit switching, which was the initial method used in telephone networks. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between two parties for the duration of the call, ensuring a consistent and reliable connection. This method is different from packet switching, which is used in modern data networks and involves breaking data into packets and sending them separately. Therefore, the correct answer is "Komutacijom veza."

Explanation

The correct answer is "Komutacijom veza." This is because the term "komutacija veza" refers to circuit switching, which was the initial method used in telephone networks. Circuit switching establishes a dedicated communication path between two parties for the duration of the call, ensuring a consistent and reliable connection. This method is different from packet switching, which is used in modern data networks and involves breaking data into packets and sending them separately. Therefore, the correct answer is "Komutacijom veza."

69. Uzrok gresaka u telekomunikacionim kanalima koji nastaje usled promene analognih signala (amplituda, frekvencija, faza) naziva se:

Exo

Beli Gausov sum

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Dziter

Impulsni sum

Intermodulacioni sum

Preslusavanje

The correct answer is "Dziter". Dziter refers to the distortion that occurs in telecommunication channels due to changes in the analog signals, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Dziter". Dziter refers to the distortion that occurs in telecommunication channels due to changes in the analog signals, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase.

70. Proces koji se odvija kad TCP komunicira sa IP je:

Inkapsulacija

Sinhronizacija

Handshaking

Dekapsulacija

Uspostavljanje veze

When TCP communicates with IP, the process that takes place is called encapsulation. This refers to the process of adding the TCP segment into the IP datagram, which includes encapsulating the TCP data within the IP packet. This allows the TCP segment to be transmitted over the network using IP as the underlying protocol.

Explanation

When TCP communicates with IP, the process that takes place is called encapsulation. This refers to the process of adding the TCP segment into the IP datagram, which includes encapsulating the TCP data within the IP packet. This allows the TCP segment to be transmitted over the network using IP as the underlying protocol.

71. Adrese internet protokola cetvrte verzije imaju bitsku duzinu od:

8 bita

256 bitova

16 bitova

48 bitova

128 bitova

64 bita

32 bitav

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses have a bit length of 32 bits. This means that an IPv4 address is represented by a series of 32 binary digits (0s and 1s). Each bit can have two possible values, either 0 or 1, resulting in a total of 2^32 (approximately 4.3 billion) unique IPv4 addresses. IPv4 addresses are typically written in decimal form, with four sets of numbers separated by periods, each representing 8 bits (or one byte) of the address.

Explanation

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) addresses have a bit length of 32 bits. This means that an IPv4 address is represented by a series of 32 binary digits (0s and 1s). Each bit can have two possible values, either 0 or 1, resulting in a total of 2^32 (approximately 4.3 billion) unique IPv4 addresses. IPv4 addresses are typically written in decimal form, with four sets of numbers separated by periods, each representing 8 bits (or one byte) of the address.

72. Modemi tipicno koriste sledece konektore:

RJ45

RJ11

568A

BNC

S68B

Modemi typically use RJ11 connectors. RJ11 connectors are commonly used for telephone connections and are smaller in size compared to RJ45 connectors. RJ11 connectors have four pins and are used to connect telephones, fax machines, and modems to telephone lines. They are not compatible with RJ45 connectors, which are used for Ethernet connections. Therefore, RJ11 is the correct answer for the given question.

Explanation

Modemi typically use RJ11 connectors. RJ11 connectors are commonly used for telephone connections and are smaller in size compared to RJ45 connectors. RJ11 connectors have four pins and are used to connect telephones, fax machines, and modems to telephone lines. They are not compatible with RJ45 connectors, which are used for Ethernet connections. Therefore, RJ11 is the correct answer for the given question.

73. Ruteri, kao posredujuci mrezni uredjaji, primljene podatke ce dekapsulirati do sloja:

Fizickog

Transportnog(ako salje ka serveru)

Mreze

Aplikativnog

Veze podataka(ako salje ka korisniku)

Routers are intermediary network devices that receive data and forward it to its destination. In this case, the received data will be de-encapsulated until the transport layer if it is being sent to a server. The transport layer is responsible for establishing a reliable communication between the source and destination hosts. Therefore, the correct answer is the transport layer if the data is being sent to a server.

Explanation

Routers are intermediary network devices that receive data and forward it to its destination. In this case, the received data will be de-encapsulated until the transport layer if it is being sent to a server. The transport layer is responsible for establishing a reliable communication between the source and destination hosts. Therefore, the correct answer is the transport layer if the data is being sent to a server.

74. Duzina Eternet adrese je:

128 bajtova

48 bitova

48 bajtova

32 bajta

32 bita

128 bitova

The length of an Ethernet address is measured in bits, not bytes. The given answer, "48 bitova," correctly states that the length of an Ethernet address is 48 bits.

Explanation

The length of an Ethernet address is measured in bits, not bytes. The given answer, "48 bitova," correctly states that the length of an Ethernet address is 48 bits.

75. Protokol za razresavanje adrese (eng. Address Resolution Protocol, ARP) je protokol zaduzen za:

Prevodjenje simbolickih adresa u logicke

Prevodjenje fizickih adresa u logicke

Prevodjenje simbolickih adresa u fizicke

Prevodjenje fizickih adresa u logicke

Prevodjenje logickih adresa u fizicke

Prevodjenje simbolickih adresa u logicke

The correct answer is "Prevodjenje logickih adresa u fizicke" which translates to "Translation of logical addresses into physical addresses" in English. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address (logical address) to its corresponding MAC address (physical address) in a local network. ARP enables communication between devices on a network by translating logical addresses to physical addresses.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Prevodjenje logickih adresa u fizicke" which translates to "Translation of logical addresses into physical addresses" in English. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is responsible for mapping an IP address (logical address) to its corresponding MAC address (physical address) in a local network. ARP enables communication between devices on a network by translating logical addresses to physical addresses.

76. Eternet interfejsi mogu se povezati na sledece racunarske interfejse:

RJ45

PCI

GUI

BNC

USB

RS-232

The correct answer is PCI and USB. Ethernet interfaces can be connected to PCI and USB computer interfaces.

Explanation

The correct answer is PCI and USB. Ethernet interfaces can be connected to PCI and USB computer interfaces.

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77. Iskljuciva disjunkcija je jedna od logickih operacija koje se koriste u radu sa Internet protokolom. Njenim koriscenjem se prvenstveno omogucava utvrdjivanje:

Pozicija na kojoj se bitovi dva niza razlikuju

Optimalne putanje izmedju vise mogucih

Broj skokova izmedju posiljaoca I primaoca

Komunikacione putanje (rute) koje treba iskljuciti kao moguce

The correct answer is "Pozicija na kojoj se bitovi dva niza razlikuju" (The position at which the bits of two arrays differ). The explanation for this answer is that exclusive disjunction, also known as XOR (exclusive OR), is a logical operation that compares two bits and returns 1 if they are different and 0 if they are the same. Therefore, by using exclusive disjunction, we can determine the position or index at which the bits of two arrays differ.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Pozicija na kojoj se bitovi dva niza razlikuju" (The position at which the bits of two arrays differ). The explanation for this answer is that exclusive disjunction, also known as XOR (exclusive OR), is a logical operation that compares two bits and returns 1 if they are different and 0 if they are the same. Therefore, by using exclusive disjunction, we can determine the position or index at which the bits of two arrays differ.

78. Tipicne propusne moci savremenih eternet komutatora su:

128 MB/s

100 Mb/s

128 Mb/s

1 Gb/s

512 MB/s

512 Mb/s

100 MB/s

1 GB/s

The typical throughput capacities of modern Ethernet switches are 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s. These values represent the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted per second through the switch. The "Mb/s" stands for megabits per second, while "Gb/s" stands for gigabits per second. The switch is capable of handling data at a rate of 100 million bits per second or 1 billion bits per second, depending on the specific port or interface being used.

Explanation

The typical throughput capacities of modern Ethernet switches are 100 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s. These values represent the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted per second through the switch. The "Mb/s" stands for megabits per second, while "Gb/s" stands for gigabits per second. The switch is capable of handling data at a rate of 100 million bits per second or 1 billion bits per second, depending on the specific port or interface being used.

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79. Eternet mreze zasnovane na koaksijalnim kablovima rade u sledecem rezimu rada:

Puni-dupleks

Puni-simpleks

Simpleks

Polu-simpleks

Polu-dupleks

Ethernet mreže zasnovane na koaksijalnim kablovima rade u polu-dupleks rezimu rada. Polu-dupleks podrazumeva da podaci mogu da se prenose u oba smera, ali ne istovremeno. To znači da se podaci mogu prenositi u jednom smeru u određenom trenutku, dok se u isto vreme ne može vršiti prenos u suprotnom smeru. Ova vrsta rada omogućava efikasnu komunikaciju u Ethernet mrežama, ali nije potpuno dupleksna kao puni-dupleks rezim rada.

Explanation

Ethernet mreže zasnovane na koaksijalnim kablovima rade u polu-dupleks rezimu rada. Polu-dupleks podrazumeva da podaci mogu da se prenose u oba smera, ali ne istovremeno. To znači da se podaci mogu prenositi u jednom smeru u određenom trenutku, dok se u isto vreme ne može vršiti prenos u suprotnom smeru. Ova vrsta rada omogućava efikasnu komunikaciju u Ethernet mrežama, ali nije potpuno dupleksna kao puni-dupleks rezim rada.

80. Uzrok gresaka u telekomunikacionim kanalima kod koga se signali iz dva nezavisna toka podataka kombinuju I stvaraju nov signal ( koji upada u frekvenciju koja je rezervisana za drugi signal) nazivaju se:

Beli gausov sum

Citer

Preslusavanje

Impulsni sum

Exo

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Intermodulacioni sum

Intermodulacioni sum se odnosi na grešku u telekomunikacionim kanalima kada se signali iz dva nezavisna toka podataka kombinuju i stvaraju novi signal koji upada u frekvenciju koja je rezervisana za drugi signal. Ova greška može dovesti do ometanja i izobličenja signala, što može rezultirati lošijom kvalitetom komunikacije.

Explanation

Intermodulacioni sum se odnosi na grešku u telekomunikacionim kanalima kada se signali iz dva nezavisna toka podataka kombinuju i stvaraju novi signal koji upada u frekvenciju koja je rezervisana za drugi signal. Ova greška može dovesti do ometanja i izobličenja signala, što može rezultirati lošijom kvalitetom komunikacije.

81. Veb sajt kompanije je izuzetno posecen I opsluzuje ga veliki broj servera ( u istom datacentru) koji dele opterecenje, odnosno zahteva korisnika. U pitanju je:

Broadcast

Unicast

Point-to-point

Geocast

Multicast

Anycast

Anycast is the correct answer because it refers to a network addressing and routing methodology where data is sent to the nearest server or node in a group of servers that share the same IP address. In this scenario, the company's website is highly visited and served by multiple servers in the same data center, which share the user requests' load. Anycast allows for efficient distribution of traffic and improves the overall performance and reliability of the website.

Explanation

Anycast is the correct answer because it refers to a network addressing and routing methodology where data is sent to the nearest server or node in a group of servers that share the same IP address. In this scenario, the company's website is highly visited and served by multiple servers in the same data center, which share the user requests' load. Anycast allows for efficient distribution of traffic and improves the overall performance and reliability of the website.

82. U najcesce tehnike za otkrivanje gresaka tokom prenosa podataka spadaju:

Provera parnosti

Polinomijalna provera

Dvostruko slanje

Oznacavanje gresaka pre slanja

Longitudinalna redudantna provera

The given answer is correct because it includes the most commonly used techniques for error detection during data transmission. Parity check is a simple technique that involves adding an extra bit to each data unit to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. Polynomial check, also known as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), uses a polynomial to generate a checksum that is appended to the data. Longitudinal redundant check (LRC) involves adding a checksum byte to the end of a block of data. These techniques help in detecting errors during data transmission.

Explanation

The given answer is correct because it includes the most commonly used techniques for error detection during data transmission. Parity check is a simple technique that involves adding an extra bit to each data unit to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. Polynomial check, also known as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), uses a polynomial to generate a checksum that is appended to the data. Longitudinal redundant check (LRC) involves adding a checksum byte to the end of a block of data. These techniques help in detecting errors during data transmission.

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83. Protokol razgranatog stabla (eng. Spanning Tree Protocol, STP) koristi se za:

Prevodjenje IP adresa u MAC adrese

Otkrivanje da li je koriscen cross-over ili strait-through kabl

Eliminisanje redundantnih veza

Agregaciju visestrukih veza

The correct answer is "Eliminisanje redundantnih veza." The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to eliminate redundant links in a network. It ensures that there is only one active path between any two network devices to prevent loops and broadcast storms. By identifying and disabling redundant links, STP helps to maintain a loop-free topology and ensures efficient and reliable network operation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Eliminisanje redundantnih veza." The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to eliminate redundant links in a network. It ensures that there is only one active path between any two network devices to prevent loops and broadcast storms. By identifying and disabling redundant links, STP helps to maintain a loop-free topology and ensures efficient and reliable network operation.

84. U slucaju da modul Internet protokola pre slanja paketa utvrdi da se odredisna adresa ne nalazi u lokalnoj mrezi, za slanje ce se iskoristiti:

Nece se koristiti logicka adresa

Fizicka adresa mreznog prolaza

Logicka adresa primaoca

Fizicka adresa primaoca

Logicka adresa mreznog prolaza

Nece se koristiti fizicka adresa

In the case that the Internet Protocol module determines that the destination address is not located in the local network, it will not use the physical address for sending the packet. This means that the packet will not be sent directly to the physical address of the recipient. Instead, it will utilize other means, such as routing through network gateways or using logical addresses, to reach the destination.

Explanation

In the case that the Internet Protocol module determines that the destination address is not located in the local network, it will not use the physical address for sending the packet. This means that the packet will not be sent directly to the physical address of the recipient. Instead, it will utilize other means, such as routing through network gateways or using logical addresses, to reach the destination.

85. Bitska duzina zaglavlja internet protokola je:

128 bitova, fiksno

128 bitova ili vise

160 bitova, fiksno

32 bita, fiksno

32 bita ili vise

160 bitova ili vise

The correct answer is 160 bitova, fiksno. This means that the header length of the internet protocol is fixed at 160 bits.

Explanation

The correct answer is 160 bitova, fiksno. This means that the header length of the internet protocol is fixed at 160 bits.

86. Sa aspekta iskoriscenosti veza, u opstem slucaju najbolje rezultate daje:

Virtualna veza

Nema nikakve razlike

Komutacija veza

Komutacija paketa

Komutacija paketa najbolje rezultate daje u pogledu iskorišćenosti veza. Komutacija paketa je tehnika prenosa podataka u kojoj se podaci dele na manje pakete i prenose preko mreže. Ova tehnika omogućava deljenje veze između različitih korisnika i efikasno iskorišćavanje raspoloživog kapaciteta mreže. U poređenju sa komutacijom veza, gde se veza rezerviše samo za jednog korisnika, komutacija paketa omogućava da više korisnika deli istu vezu i koristi je samo kada je potrebno. Ovo dovodi do bolje iskorišćenosti veza i efikasnijeg korišćenja mrežnih resursa.

Explanation

Komutacija paketa najbolje rezultate daje u pogledu iskorišćenosti veza. Komutacija paketa je tehnika prenosa podataka u kojoj se podaci dele na manje pakete i prenose preko mreže. Ova tehnika omogućava deljenje veze između različitih korisnika i efikasno iskorišćavanje raspoloživog kapaciteta mreže. U poređenju sa komutacijom veza, gde se veza rezerviše samo za jednog korisnika, komutacija paketa omogućava da više korisnika deli istu vezu i koristi je samo kada je potrebno. Ovo dovodi do bolje iskorišćenosti veza i efikasnijeg korišćenja mrežnih resursa.

87. U delove adrese Internet protokola cetvrte verzije spadaju:

Deo koji odredjuje fizicku adresu

Deo koji odredjuje verziju protokola

Deo koji odredjuje clana mreze

Deo koji odredjuje preostalo vreme postojanja paketa

Deo koji odredjuje mrezu

The correct answer is "Deo koji odredjuje clana mreze, Deo koji odredjuje mrezu". In the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address, the part that determines the network is known as the network address, while the part that determines the host within that network is known as the host address. These two parts together make up the complete IPv4 address.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Deo koji odredjuje clana mreze, Deo koji odredjuje mrezu". In the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) address, the part that determines the network is known as the network address, while the part that determines the host within that network is known as the host address. These two parts together make up the complete IPv4 address.

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88. U osnovne funkcije internet protokola spadaju:

Fragmentovanje podataka

Oporavak podataka ostecenih tokom prenosa

Uspostavljanje I raskid veze

Adresovanje udaljenih mreza I racunara

The correct answer is Fragmentovanje podataka, Adresovanje udaljenih mreza I racunara. This is because the basic functions of the internet protocol include fragmenting data, which involves breaking data packets into smaller units for transmission, and addressing remote networks and computers, which is necessary for routing data to the correct destination.

Explanation

The correct answer is Fragmentovanje podataka, Adresovanje udaljenih mreza I racunara. This is because the basic functions of the internet protocol include fragmenting data, which involves breaking data packets into smaller units for transmission, and addressing remote networks and computers, which is necessary for routing data to the correct destination.

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89. Eternet mreze zasnovane na kablovima sa upredenim paricama I komutatorima sledecem rezimu rada:

Puni-simpleks

Polu-dupleks

Polu-simpleks

Simpleks

Puni-dupleks

The correct answer is "Puni-dupleks." This refers to full-duplex mode, which allows for simultaneous two-way communication between devices. In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted and received at the same time, increasing the efficiency and speed of communication in Ethernet networks.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Puni-dupleks." This refers to full-duplex mode, which allows for simultaneous two-way communication between devices. In full-duplex mode, data can be transmitted and received at the same time, increasing the efficiency and speed of communication in Ethernet networks.

90. Uzrok gresaka u telekomunikacionim kanalima koji nastaje usled pojacivaca koji menjaju fazu (nekorektno pojacavanje ulaznog signala) naziva se:

Eho

Preslusavanje

Impulsni sum

Intermodulacioni sum

Harmonijska izoblicenja

Beli gausov sum

Dziter

Harmonijska izobličenja se odnose na greške u telekomunikacionim kanalima koje nastaju usled nepravilnog pojačavanja ulaznog signala, odnosno promene faze.

Explanation

Harmonijska izobličenja se odnose na greške u telekomunikacionim kanalima koje nastaju usled nepravilnog pojačavanja ulaznog signala, odnosno promene faze.

91. Adrese internet protokola cetvrte verzije iz opsega 224.0.0.0/4 namenjena su za:

Adresovanje visestrukih primaoca

Adresovanje javno vidljivih clanova interneta

Adresovanje clanova privatnih racunarskih mreza

The correct answer is "Adresovanje visestrukih primaoca" which translates to "Addressing multiple recipients" in English. This is because IP addresses from the range 224.0.0.0/4 are reserved for multicast addressing. Multicast addressing allows a single sender to send data to a specific group of recipients, rather than sending separate copies to each individual recipient. This is commonly used in applications such as video streaming, online gaming, and teleconferencing, where multiple users need to receive the same data simultaneously.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Adresovanje visestrukih primaoca" which translates to "Addressing multiple recipients" in English. This is because IP addresses from the range 224.0.0.0/4 are reserved for multicast addressing. Multicast addressing allows a single sender to send data to a specific group of recipients, rather than sending separate copies to each individual recipient. This is commonly used in applications such as video streaming, online gaming, and teleconferencing, where multiple users need to receive the same data simultaneously.

92. Primer uredjaja koji radi na prvom sloju je:

Ruter

Eternet most (bridz)

Razvodnik (hub)

Komutator (svic)

Ripiter

The correct answer is "Razvodnik (hub)" and "Ripiter". A hub is a networking device that allows multiple devices to connect to a network. It operates at the physical layer of the network and simply broadcasts incoming data packets to all connected devices. A repeater, or "Ripiter" in Serbian, is also a device that operates at the physical layer and amplifies or regenerates signals to extend the reach of a network. Both a hub and a repeater are examples of devices that work at the first layer of the OSI model.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Razvodnik (hub)" and "Ripiter". A hub is a networking device that allows multiple devices to connect to a network. It operates at the physical layer of the network and simply broadcasts incoming data packets to all connected devices. A repeater, or "Ripiter" in Serbian, is also a device that operates at the physical layer and amplifies or regenerates signals to extend the reach of a network. Both a hub and a repeater are examples of devices that work at the first layer of the OSI model.

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93. Primer uredjaja koji radi na drugom sloju je:

Razvodnik (hub)

Eternet most (bridz)

Ripiter

Komutator (svic)

Ruter

The correct answer is "Eternet most (bridz),Komutator (svic)". A bridge (most) and a switch (svic) both operate at the data link layer (second layer) of the OSI model. They are responsible for forwarding data packets between different network segments or LANs. A bridge connects multiple LANs together, while a switch connects multiple devices within a single LAN. Both devices use MAC addresses to determine the destination of the data packets and make forwarding decisions.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Eternet most (bridz),Komutator (svic)". A bridge (most) and a switch (svic) both operate at the data link layer (second layer) of the OSI model. They are responsible for forwarding data packets between different network segments or LANs. A bridge connects multiple LANs together, while a switch connects multiple devices within a single LAN. Both devices use MAC addresses to determine the destination of the data packets and make forwarding decisions.

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94. Racunarske mreze koje koriste eternet razvodnike I kablove sa upredenim paricama koriste sledecu logicku topologiju:

Tacka-tacka

Zvezda

Prsten

Mes

Magistrala

The correct answer is "Magistrala". This is because the question is asking about the logical topology used by computer networks that use Ethernet switches and twisted pair cables. Out of the given options, "Magistrala" is the logical topology that uses a single shared communication channel, where all devices are connected to the same cable.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Magistrala". This is because the question is asking about the logical topology used by computer networks that use Ethernet switches and twisted pair cables. Out of the given options, "Magistrala" is the logical topology that uses a single shared communication channel, where all devices are connected to the same cable.

95. Racunarske mreze koje koriste Eternet razvodnike I kablove sa upredenim paricama koriste sledecu fizicku topologiju:

Magistrala

Tacka-tacka

Prsten

Zvezda

Mes

The correct answer is "Zvezda." In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This central hub acts as a central point of communication, allowing devices to communicate with each other through the hub. This topology is commonly used in Ethernet networks as it provides a high level of scalability, flexibility, and ease of troubleshooting.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Zvezda." In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. This central hub acts as a central point of communication, allowing devices to communicate with each other through the hub. This topology is commonly used in Ethernet networks as it provides a high level of scalability, flexibility, and ease of troubleshooting.

96. U neke od opsega adresa internet protokola koji se ne mogu koristiti za javno adresovanje racunara spadaju:

128.0.0.0/8

0.0.0.0/8

224.0.0.0/4

16.0.0.0/8

182.168.0.0/16

The given answer is correct because it includes the IP address ranges that cannot be used for public addressing of computers. These ranges are reserved for special purposes. The IP address range 128.0.0.0/8 is reserved for multicast addresses, which are used for one-to-many communication. The IP address range 224.0.0.0/4 is also reserved for multicast addresses. The IP address range 182.168.0.0/16 is a private IP address range, which is used for local area networks and cannot be routed on the internet.

Explanation

The given answer is correct because it includes the IP address ranges that cannot be used for public addressing of computers. These ranges are reserved for special purposes. The IP address range 128.0.0.0/8 is reserved for multicast addresses, which are used for one-to-many communication. The IP address range 224.0.0.0/4 is also reserved for multicast addresses. The IP address range 182.168.0.0/16 is a private IP address range, which is used for local area networks and cannot be routed on the internet.

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97. Za podelu emisionog (broadcast) domena mogu se koristiti:

Razvodnici

Ripiteri

Ruteri

Mostovi

Komutatori

Ruteri se mogu koristiti za podelu emisionog (broadcast) domena. Ruteri su mrežni uređaji koji se koriste za slanje podataka između različitih mreža. Oni imaju sposobnost da filtriraju i usmeravaju podatke samo na određene mrežne adrese, što omogućava efikasnu podelu emisionog domena. Dok razvodnici, ripiteri, mostovi i komutatori mogu obavljati slične funkcije, ruteri su specifično dizajnirani za povezivanje različitih mreža i omogućavanje komunikacije između njih.

Explanation

Ruteri se mogu koristiti za podelu emisionog (broadcast) domena. Ruteri su mrežni uređaji koji se koriste za slanje podataka između različitih mreža. Oni imaju sposobnost da filtriraju i usmeravaju podatke samo na određene mrežne adrese, što omogućava efikasnu podelu emisionog domena. Dok razvodnici, ripiteri, mostovi i komutatori mogu obavljati slične funkcije, ruteri su specifično dizajnirani za povezivanje različitih mreža i omogućavanje komunikacije između njih.

98. Uredjaj koji bi se mogao okarakterisati kao "viseportni digitalni pojacivac signala je":

Most

Razvodnik

Komutator

Ruter

Ripiter

A "viseportni digitalni pojacivac signala" can be translated as a "multi-port digital signal amplifier." Out of the given options, the term "Razvodnik" translates to "splitter" in English. A splitter is a device that takes an input signal and splits it into multiple output signals, making it a suitable choice for a multi-port digital signal amplifier.

Explanation

A "viseportni digitalni pojacivac signala" can be translated as a "multi-port digital signal amplifier." Out of the given options, the term "Razvodnik" translates to "splitter" in English. A splitter is a device that takes an input signal and splits it into multiple output signals, making it a suitable choice for a multi-port digital signal amplifier.

99. Eternet mreze zasnovane na kablovima sa upredenim paricama I razvodnicima sledecem rezimu rada:

Simpleks

Puni-dupleks

Polu-simpleks

Puni-simpleks

Polu-dupleks

The correct answer is "Polu-dupleks" which translates to "Half-duplex" in English. Half-duplex mode allows communication in both directions, but not simultaneously. In this mode, data can be transmitted in one direction at a time, while the other direction waits. It is commonly used in Ethernet networks where devices take turns to transmit and receive data.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Polu-dupleks" which translates to "Half-duplex" in English. Half-duplex mode allows communication in both directions, but not simultaneously. In this mode, data can be transmitted in one direction at a time, while the other direction waits. It is commonly used in Ethernet networks where devices take turns to transmit and receive data.

100. Mogucnost eternet komutatora da paralelno koriste visestruke komunikacione kanale izmedju sebe, naziva se:

Auto MDI-X

Protokol razgranatog stabla (STP)

Tranking

Agregacija linkova

Agregacija linkova se odnosi na mogućnost Ethernet komutatora da paralelno koriste više komunikacionih kanala između sebe. Ova tehnika omogućava povećanje propusnosti i pouzdanosti mreže tako što se više fizičkih veza kombinuje u jednu logičku vezu. Ovo se može postići korišćenjem tehnologija kao što su link aggregation control protocol (LACP) ili static link aggregation.

Explanation

Agregacija linkova se odnosi na mogućnost Ethernet komutatora da paralelno koriste više komunikacionih kanala između sebe. Ova tehnika omogućava povećanje propusnosti i pouzdanosti mreže tako što se više fizičkih veza kombinuje u jednu logičku vezu. Ovo se može postići korišćenjem tehnologija kao što su link aggregation control protocol (LACP) ili static link aggregation.

101. Osnovni slojevi kod hijerarhijskog modela za projektovanje privatnih mreza su:

Distribucija

Jezgro

Fizicki

Razgranato stablo

Pristup

Mrezni

Veza podataka

The correct answer is Distribucija, Jezgro, Pristup. In the hierarchical model for designing private networks, these are the basic layers. The distribution layer is responsible for connecting the core layer to the access layer and distributing network traffic. The core layer is the backbone of the network and handles high-speed data transfer between different distribution layers. The access layer provides network access to end devices.

Explanation

The correct answer is Distribucija, Jezgro, Pristup. In the hierarchical model for designing private networks, these are the basic layers. The distribution layer is responsible for connecting the core layer to the access layer and distributing network traffic. The core layer is the backbone of the network and handles high-speed data transfer between different distribution layers. The access layer provides network access to end devices.

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102. Sledeci Eternet mrezni uredjaji ne moraju da imaju memoriju:

Mostovi

Komutatori

Razvodnici

Ripiteri

Ruteri

Razvodnici (hubs) and ripiteri (repeaters) do not require memory because they operate at the physical layer of the Ethernet network. They simply amplify or regenerate the signal and do not make any decisions based on the data being transmitted. On the other hand, mostovi (bridges), komutatori (switches), and ruteri (routers) operate at higher layers of the network and require memory to store and process data packets.

Explanation

Razvodnici (hubs) and ripiteri (repeaters) do not require memory because they operate at the physical layer of the Ethernet network. They simply amplify or regenerate the signal and do not make any decisions based on the data being transmitted. On the other hand, mostovi (bridges), komutatori (switches), and ruteri (routers) operate at higher layers of the network and require memory to store and process data packets.

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103. Da bi se podigla dostupnost Eternet mreze potrebno je koristiti sledeci protokol:

Auto MDI-X

IP

ARP

TCP

STP

To increase the availability of the Ethernet network, it is necessary to use the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) protocol. ARP is responsible for mapping an IP address to a MAC address, allowing devices to communicate with each other on the same network. By using ARP, devices can obtain the MAC address of the destination device and send data packets efficiently. This protocol plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth communication and improving the availability of the Ethernet network.

Explanation

To increase the availability of the Ethernet network, it is necessary to use the ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) protocol. ARP is responsible for mapping an IP address to a MAC address, allowing devices to communicate with each other on the same network. By using ARP, devices can obtain the MAC address of the destination device and send data packets efficiently. This protocol plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth communication and improving the availability of the Ethernet network.

104. Ukoliko je potrebno razdvojiti raznorodne clanove jedne eternet mreze, pre svega zbog bezbednosnih razloga, potrebno je koristiti tehnologiju poznatu pod sledecim nazivima:

IEEE 802.1Q

Ipsec

VPN

VLAN

IEEE 802.11

To separate diverse members of an Ethernet network, particularly for security reasons, the technology that needs to be used is IEEE 802.1Q and VLAN. VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows the network to be segmented into multiple virtual networks, enabling different groups of devices to be isolated from each other for security purposes. IEEE 802.1Q is the standard that defines VLAN tagging, which allows the identification of VLAN membership for each Ethernet frame. By using these technologies together, diverse members of the Ethernet network can be separated securely.

Explanation

To separate diverse members of an Ethernet network, particularly for security reasons, the technology that needs to be used is IEEE 802.1Q and VLAN. VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) allows the network to be segmented into multiple virtual networks, enabling different groups of devices to be isolated from each other for security purposes. IEEE 802.1Q is the standard that defines VLAN tagging, which allows the identification of VLAN membership for each Ethernet frame. By using these technologies together, diverse members of the Ethernet network can be separated securely.

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105. Ukoliko je potrebno da svi poslati paketi stignu u istom redosledu na odrediste, resenje su:

Komutacija clanova

Komutacija paketa

Komutacija veza

Koriscenje UDP protokola

Virtualna veza

The correct answer is "Komutacija paketa, Virtualna veza". In packet switching, data is divided into small packets and each packet is sent independently over the network. This allows for more efficient use of network resources and enables packets to take different paths to reach their destination. Virtual circuit switching, on the other hand, establishes a dedicated communication path between the sender and receiver before data transmission. This ensures that packets are delivered in the same order they were sent. Therefore, using packet switching and virtual circuit switching together can ensure that all sent packets arrive at the destination in the same order.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Komutacija paketa, Virtualna veza". In packet switching, data is divided into small packets and each packet is sent independently over the network. This allows for more efficient use of network resources and enables packets to take different paths to reach their destination. Virtual circuit switching, on the other hand, establishes a dedicated communication path between the sender and receiver before data transmission. This ensures that packets are delivered in the same order they were sent. Therefore, using packet switching and virtual circuit switching together can ensure that all sent packets arrive at the destination in the same order.

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106. Primer uredjaja koji radi na trecem sloju je:

Ripiter

Eternet most (bridz)

Komutator (svic)

Ruter

Razvodnik (hub)

The correct answer is "Komutator (svic), Ruter". A switch (komutator) operates at the third layer of the network, which is the network layer. It is responsible for routing data packets between different networks. A router (ruter) also operates at the network layer and performs similar functions as a switch, but it is more advanced and can make decisions based on the IP addresses of the packets. Both the switch and router play crucial roles in network communication and data transmission.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Komutator (svic), Ruter". A switch (komutator) operates at the third layer of the network, which is the network layer. It is responsible for routing data packets between different networks. A router (ruter) also operates at the network layer and performs similar functions as a switch, but it is more advanced and can make decisions based on the IP addresses of the packets. Both the switch and router play crucial roles in network communication and data transmission.

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107. Za podelu kolizionog domena mogu se koristiti:

Ripiteri

Komutatori

Razvodnici

Mostovi

Komutatori i mostovi su uređaji koji se koriste za podelu kolizionog domena u mrežama. Komutatori su pametni uređaji koji analiziraju podatke i prosleđuju ih samo na odgovarajuće portove, što omogućava da svaki uređaj u mreži ima svoj nezavisni kanal za komunikaciju. Mostovi su slični komutatorima, ali rade na nižem sloju mrežnog modela i povezuju dve mreže. Oba uređaja omogućavaju efikasniju komunikaciju i smanjuju mogućnost kolizija u mreži.

Explanation

Komutatori i mostovi su uređaji koji se koriste za podelu kolizionog domena u mrežama. Komutatori su pametni uređaji koji analiziraju podatke i prosleđuju ih samo na odgovarajuće portove, što omogućava da svaki uređaj u mreži ima svoj nezavisni kanal za komunikaciju. Mostovi su slični komutatorima, ali rade na nižem sloju mrežnog modela i povezuju dve mreže. Oba uređaja omogućavaju efikasniju komunikaciju i smanjuju mogućnost kolizija u mreži.

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108. Uloga DSLAM uredjaja je:

Koncentrisanje veceg broja linija na cvoristu

Koriscenje vise telefonskih uredjaja na jednoj liniji

Sprecavanje mesanja frekvencijskih opsega

Razlicite brzine preuzimanja I slanja podataka

The correct answer is "Koncentrisanje veceg broja linija na cvoristu" and "Koriscenje vise telefonskih uredjaja na jednoj liniji". This means that the role of the DSLAM device is to concentrate a larger number of lines at a central point (node) and enable the use of multiple telephone devices on a single line.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Koncentrisanje veceg broja linija na cvoristu" and "Koriscenje vise telefonskih uredjaja na jednoj liniji". This means that the role of the DSLAM device is to concentrate a larger number of lines at a central point (node) and enable the use of multiple telephone devices on a single line.

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109. U validne decimalne reprezentacije binarnih okteta mreznih maski spadaju:

255

160

32

0

128

64

224

252

The given answer includes the decimal values that are valid representations of binary octets for network masks. A network mask is a 32-bit value used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. The valid decimal values for binary octets in network masks are 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254, and 255. The answer includes the correct values of 255, 0, 128, 224, and 252, which are all valid representations of binary octets for network masks.

Explanation

The given answer includes the decimal values that are valid representations of binary octets for network masks. A network mask is a 32-bit value used to divide an IP address into network and host portions. The valid decimal values for binary octets in network masks are 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254, and 255. The answer includes the correct values of 255, 0, 128, 224, and 252, which are all valid representations of binary octets for network masks.

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110. U bezicne tehnologije za povezivanje sa internet provajderima spadaju:

Mobilna telefonija

IEEE 802.11

ADSL

WiMAX

BlueTooth

Frejm-relej

IEEE 802.3

The correct answer includes the wireless technologies that are used for connecting to internet service providers. These technologies are mobile telephony, IEEE 802.11 (commonly known as Wi-Fi), WiMAX, and Bluetooth. These technologies provide wireless connectivity options for accessing the internet.

Explanation

The correct answer includes the wireless technologies that are used for connecting to internet service providers. These technologies are mobile telephony, IEEE 802.11 (commonly known as Wi-Fi), WiMAX, and Bluetooth. These technologies provide wireless connectivity options for accessing the internet.

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111. Zamenom razvodnika Eternet komutatorima napravljen je napredak po sledecim pitanjima:

Performanse mreze sa dva clana

Bezbednost (privatnost)

Jednostavnost uredjaja

Zbirne performanse mreze

Dostupnost

The progress made by using Ethernet switches instead of hubs addresses the issues of security (privacy), overall network performance, and availability. Ethernet switches provide better security by isolating network traffic between devices, preventing unauthorized access. They also improve the overall performance of the network by reducing collisions and improving data transmission efficiency. Additionally, switches offer better availability as they allow for redundant connections and can quickly detect and bypass network failures.

Explanation

The progress made by using Ethernet switches instead of hubs addresses the issues of security (privacy), overall network performance, and availability. Ethernet switches provide better security by isolating network traffic between devices, preventing unauthorized access. They also improve the overall performance of the network by reducing collisions and improving data transmission efficiency. Additionally, switches offer better availability as they allow for redundant connections and can quickly detect and bypass network failures.

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112. Kasnjenje od jednog okvira u racunarskim mrezama uvode:

Komutatori

Mostovi

Razvodnici

Ripiteri

Ruteri

Komutatori i mostovi su uređaji koji se koriste u računarskim mrežama kako bi se preusmerili podaci sa jednog dela mreže na drugi. Oni omogućavaju brzi prenos podataka i smanjuju kašnjenje u mreži. Razvodnici i ripiteri, s druge strane, ne obavljaju istu funkciju kao komutatori i mostovi i ne mogu smanjiti kašnjenje u mreži. Ruteri su takođe uređaji za preusmeravanje podataka, ali se koriste za povezivanje različitih mreža, a ne za smanjenje kašnjenja unutar jedne mreže.

Explanation

Komutatori i mostovi su uređaji koji se koriste u računarskim mrežama kako bi se preusmerili podaci sa jednog dela mreže na drugi. Oni omogućavaju brzi prenos podataka i smanjuju kašnjenje u mreži. Razvodnici i ripiteri, s druge strane, ne obavljaju istu funkciju kao komutatori i mostovi i ne mogu smanjiti kašnjenje u mreži. Ruteri su takođe uređaji za preusmeravanje podataka, ali se koriste za povezivanje različitih mreža, a ne za smanjenje kašnjenja unutar jedne mreže.

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113. U zicne tehnologije povezivanje sa internet provajderima, zasnovane na javnoj telefonskoj prezi, spadaju:

ISDN

Mobilna telefonija

IEEE 802.3

ADSL

IEEE 802.11

Dial-up

WiMAX

The correct answer includes ISDN, IEEE 802.3, ADSL, and Dial-up. These are all forms of connecting to internet service providers using wireline technologies. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of communication standards that enables the transmission of voice, video, and data simultaneously over digital lines. IEEE 802.3 refers to Ethernet, which is a widely used wired networking technology. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of broadband internet connection that utilizes existing telephone lines. Dial-up is a method of connecting to the internet using a standard telephone line and a modem.

Explanation

The correct answer includes ISDN, IEEE 802.3, ADSL, and Dial-up. These are all forms of connecting to internet service providers using wireline technologies. ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) is a set of communication standards that enables the transmission of voice, video, and data simultaneously over digital lines. IEEE 802.3 refers to Ethernet, which is a widely used wired networking technology. ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) is a type of broadband internet connection that utilizes existing telephone lines. Dial-up is a method of connecting to the internet using a standard telephone line and a modem.

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