#1ai - Quiz & Trivia

1. Prvi racunar koji je koriscen u operativnoj upotrebi konstruisao je:

Alan Tjuring

Konrad Zuse

Clifford Berry

Alan Turing is credited with constructing the first computer that was used in operational use. He is known for his work in developing the concept of a universal machine, which later became the basis for modern computers. Turing's machine, known as the "Turing machine," was designed to simulate any computer algorithm and paved the way for the development of the first programmable computers. Therefore, Alan Turing is the correct answer to the question.

Explanation

Alan Turing is credited with constructing the first computer that was used in operational use. He is known for his work in developing the concept of a universal machine, which later became the basis for modern computers. Turing's machine, known as the "Turing machine," was designed to simulate any computer algorithm and paved the way for the development of the first programmable computers. Therefore, Alan Turing is the correct answer to the question.

2. Tjuringov test proverava:

Da li ispitanik ispravno rezonuju

Da li je ispitanik mentalno zdrav

Da li je ispitanik emotivno stabilan

Da li je ispitanik covek ili masina

The Turing test is a test that determines whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. It involves a human evaluator engaging in a conversation with an unknown entity, which can be either a human or a machine. The evaluator's task is to determine whether they are communicating with a human or a machine based solely on the responses received. Therefore, the correct answer states that the Turing test checks whether the subject is a human or a machine.

Explanation

The Turing test is a test that determines whether a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. It involves a human evaluator engaging in a conversation with an unknown entity, which can be either a human or a machine. The evaluator's task is to determine whether they are communicating with a human or a machine based solely on the responses received. Therefore, the correct answer states that the Turing test checks whether the subject is a human or a machine.

3. Efikasne strategije upravljanja koje zahtevaju dovoljno informacija o prirodi resavanog problema, nazivaju se:

Reverznim

Heuristickim

Nepovratnim

Heurističke strategije upravljanja se nazivaju efikasnim jer zahtevaju dovoljno informacija o prirodi resavanog problema. Heuristika je pristup rešavanju problema koji se zasniva na iskustvu, intuiciji i brzom donošenju odluka, često bez potpunih informacija. Ova strategija može biti korisna kada je vreme ograničeno ili kada je nemoguće dobiti sve potrebne informacije.

Explanation

Heurističke strategije upravljanja se nazivaju efikasnim jer zahtevaju dovoljno informacija o prirodi resavanog problema. Heuristika je pristup rešavanju problema koji se zasniva na iskustvu, intuiciji i brzom donošenju odluka, često bez potpunih informacija. Ova strategija može biti korisna kada je vreme ograničeno ili kada je nemoguće dobiti sve potrebne informacije.

4. Kod produkcionih sistema, tipovi kod kojih se koraci resavanja mogu opovrgnuti (igra 8 kockica), zovu se:

Ignorantni

Povratni

Nepovratni

The correct answer is "Povratni". In production systems, "povratni" refers to the types of code where the steps of solving a problem can be undone or reversed. This means that if a mistake is made or if the solution needs to be changed, it is possible to go back and modify the steps that were previously taken. This type of code allows for flexibility and the ability to backtrack in order to find the most optimal solution.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Povratni". In production systems, "povratni" refers to the types of code where the steps of solving a problem can be undone or reversed. This means that if a mistake is made or if the solution needs to be changed, it is possible to go back and modify the steps that were previously taken. This type of code allows for flexibility and the ability to backtrack in order to find the most optimal solution.

5. Etika vestackih sistema je:

Nije bina za buduci razvoj VI

Aktuelna oblast razvoja VI

Uopste se ne moze odnositi na VI

The correct answer is "Aktuelna oblast razvoja VI" (Current area of AI development). This answer suggests that the topic of artificial intelligence systems is currently an active and relevant field of development. It implies that the study and advancement of AI systems are ongoing and progressing, indicating that it is a significant area of focus and research.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Aktuelna oblast razvoja VI" (Current area of AI development). This answer suggests that the topic of artificial intelligence systems is currently an active and relevant field of development. It implies that the study and advancement of AI systems are ongoing and progressing, indicating that it is a significant area of focus and research.

6. "Kognitivna revolucija" odnosi se na:

Psihologiju zasnovanu na procesiranju informacija

Promenu stepena svesnosti covecanstva kao posledicu hipi pokreta

Odbacivanje emotivnih, instiktivnih i motorickih pristupa u korist intelektualnog

The term "Kognitivna revolucija" refers to the revolution in psychology that is based on information processing. This revolution marked a shift in focus from behaviorism to understanding the internal mental processes involved in perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving. It emphasized the importance of cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory in understanding human behavior and mental processes. This approach revolutionized the field of psychology and led to advancements in cognitive psychology and cognitive science.

Explanation

The term "Kognitivna revolucija" refers to the revolution in psychology that is based on information processing. This revolution marked a shift in focus from behaviorism to understanding the internal mental processes involved in perception, memory, thinking, and problem-solving. It emphasized the importance of cognitive processes such as attention, perception, and memory in understanding human behavior and mental processes. This approach revolutionized the field of psychology and led to advancements in cognitive psychology and cognitive science.

7. Alan Tjuring je:

Australijski sahovski velemajstor koji je pobedio racunar

Americki naucnik koji je tvorac ekspertskih sistema

Britanski matematicar

Britanski biolog koji se bavio proucavanjem inteligencije

Alan Turing was a British mathematician. He is known for his significant contributions to the field of mathematics, logic, and computer science. Turing played a crucial role in the development of the concept of the modern computer and the theory of computation. He is also famous for his work on code-breaking during World War II, where he played a vital role in cracking the German Enigma code. Turing's work laid the foundation for artificial intelligence and he is considered one of the pioneers in the field.

Explanation

Alan Turing was a British mathematician. He is known for his significant contributions to the field of mathematics, logic, and computer science. Turing played a crucial role in the development of the concept of the modern computer and the theory of computation. He is also famous for his work on code-breaking during World War II, where he played a vital role in cracking the German Enigma code. Turing's work laid the foundation for artificial intelligence and he is considered one of the pioneers in the field.

8. Da li su evolutivni procesi koji su doveli do neke visoke optimizovane osbine trajali:

Kratko

Dugo

Nije bitno

The correct answer is "Dugo" because evolutionary processes that lead to highly optimized traits typically take a long time to occur. Evolution is a gradual and slow process that involves genetic changes and natural selection over many generations. It takes time for advantageous traits to emerge and become widespread in a population. Therefore, the development of highly optimized traits is not a short-term or immediate process, but rather a long-term one.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Dugo" because evolutionary processes that lead to highly optimized traits typically take a long time to occur. Evolution is a gradual and slow process that involves genetic changes and natural selection over many generations. It takes time for advantageous traits to emerge and become widespread in a population. Therefore, the development of highly optimized traits is not a short-term or immediate process, but rather a long-term one.

9. U svakom koraku delovanja, racionalni agent bira akcije koje:

Minimiziraju meru kvaliteta

Maksimiziraju meru kvaliteta

Zahtevaju najmanje racunanja

The correct answer is "Maksimiziraju meru kvaliteta." This means that in every step of its operation, a rational agent chooses actions that maximize the measure of quality. This implies that the agent aims to achieve the best possible outcome or result in its decision-making process. By maximizing the measure of quality, the agent seeks to optimize its performance and achieve the desired goals or objectives.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Maksimiziraju meru kvaliteta." This means that in every step of its operation, a rational agent chooses actions that maximize the measure of quality. This implies that the agent aims to achieve the best possible outcome or result in its decision-making process. By maximizing the measure of quality, the agent seeks to optimize its performance and achieve the desired goals or objectives.

10. Vestacka inteligencija se moze smatrati univerzalnom naucnom disciplinom:

Tacno

Netacno

Artificial intelligence can be considered a universal scientific discipline because it encompasses various fields such as computer science, mathematics, psychology, and neuroscience. It involves developing intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI has applications in almost every industry, from healthcare to finance, and has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. Its interdisciplinary nature and wide-ranging impact make it a universal scientific discipline.

Explanation

Artificial intelligence can be considered a universal scientific discipline because it encompasses various fields such as computer science, mathematics, psychology, and neuroscience. It involves developing intelligent machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI has applications in almost every industry, from healthcare to finance, and has the potential to revolutionize the way we live and work. Its interdisciplinary nature and wide-ranging impact make it a universal scientific discipline.

11. Za prolazak totalnog Tjuringovog testa racunar mora da poseduje sledece karakteristike:

Racunarska vizija (opazanje objekaa)

Robotika (kretanje i manipulacija objektima u fizickom svetu)

Centar za emocionalnu obradu

Instiktivno delovanje

The correct answer is "Racunarska vizija (opazanje objekaa), Robotika (kretanje i manipulacija objektima u fizickom svetu)". To pass the total Turing test, a computer must have the ability to observe objects through computer vision and manipulate objects in the physical world through robotics. These two characteristics are essential for the computer to interact with the environment and demonstrate human-like intelligence. The other two options, "Centar za emocionalnu obradu" (Emotional processing center) and "Instiktivno delovanje" (Instinctive action), are not mentioned as criteria for passing the test.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Racunarska vizija (opazanje objekaa), Robotika (kretanje i manipulacija objektima u fizickom svetu)". To pass the total Turing test, a computer must have the ability to observe objects through computer vision and manipulate objects in the physical world through robotics. These two characteristics are essential for the computer to interact with the environment and demonstrate human-like intelligence. The other two options, "Centar za emocionalnu obradu" (Emotional processing center) and "Instiktivno delovanje" (Instinctive action), are not mentioned as criteria for passing the test.

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12. Prosti refleksni agenti biraju akcije na osnovu:

Trenutnih opazanja

Trenutnih i buducih opazanja

Trenutnih opazanja i istorije opazanja

Prosti refleksni agenti biraju akcije na osnovu trenutnih opazanja. This means that these agents make decisions based solely on the current observations they have at hand. They do not take into account any future observations or the history of past observations. Their actions are determined solely by the immediate information available to them.

Explanation

Prosti refleksni agenti biraju akcije na osnovu trenutnih opazanja. This means that these agents make decisions based solely on the current observations they have at hand. They do not take into account any future observations or the history of past observations. Their actions are determined solely by the immediate information available to them.

13. Program DENDRAL je zasnovan na:

DO-WHILE pravilima

FOR-NEXT pravilima

IF-THEN pravilima

The correct answer is "IF-THEN pravilima". This means that the DENDRAL program is based on IF-THEN rules. IF-THEN rules are a type of logical rule that states if a certain condition is met, then a specific action or outcome should follow. In the context of the DENDRAL program, it suggests that the program uses IF-THEN rules to make decisions or draw conclusions based on certain conditions or inputs.

Explanation

The correct answer is "IF-THEN pravilima". This means that the DENDRAL program is based on IF-THEN rules. IF-THEN rules are a type of logical rule that states if a certain condition is met, then a specific action or outcome should follow. In the context of the DENDRAL program, it suggests that the program uses IF-THEN rules to make decisions or draw conclusions based on certain conditions or inputs.

14. Osnovni pristupi kod proveravanja modela internih aktivnosti judskog mozga su:

Predvidjanje i testiranje ponasanja ljudskih ispitanika (top-down)

Direktna identifikacija na osnovu neuroloskih merenja (bottom-up)

Apsurd kao univerzalni rezultat svih misaonih aktivnosti (ciklicni pristup)

The correct answer includes two approaches to studying internal brain activities: top-down prediction and testing of human behavior, and bottom-up direct identification based on neurological measurements. The top-down approach involves predicting and testing human behavior to understand internal brain activities. On the other hand, the bottom-up approach involves directly identifying internal brain activities through neurological measurements. These two approaches provide complementary perspectives in studying the workings of the human brain.

Explanation

The correct answer includes two approaches to studying internal brain activities: top-down prediction and testing of human behavior, and bottom-up direct identification based on neurological measurements. The top-down approach involves predicting and testing human behavior to understand internal brain activities. On the other hand, the bottom-up approach involves directly identifying internal brain activities through neurological measurements. These two approaches provide complementary perspectives in studying the workings of the human brain.

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15. Kod produkcionih sistema, tipovi kod kojih se koraci resavanja ne mogu opovrgnuti (sah), zovu se:

Ignorantni

Povratni

Nepovratni

The correct answer is "Nepovratni". In production systems, the types of code where the steps of solving cannot be refuted are called "Nepovratni" which translates to "Irreversible" in English.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Nepovratni". In production systems, the types of code where the steps of solving cannot be refuted are called "Nepovratni" which translates to "Irreversible" in English.

16. Znanje o tome kako "svet funkcionise" se naziva:

Modelom unutrasnjih stanja agenata

Modelom sveta

Modelom agenta

The correct answer is "Modelom sveta". This is because "Model sveta" translates to "Model of the world" in English, which refers to the knowledge or understanding of how the world functions. It encompasses the understanding of various aspects of the world, such as its systems, processes, and interactions.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Modelom sveta". This is because "Model sveta" translates to "Model of the world" in English, which refers to the knowledge or understanding of how the world functions. It encompasses the understanding of various aspects of the world, such as its systems, processes, and interactions.

17. Nova filozofska aktivnost inspirisana inovativnoscu je:

Metalogika

Hermetika

Epistemologija

Metafizika

The correct answer is "Hermetika". Hermetika refers to a philosophical activity that is inspired by innovation. It is a term derived from Hermeticism, a philosophical and religious tradition that emerged during the Hellenistic period and was influenced by ancient Egyptian and Greek philosophy. Hermetika focuses on the pursuit of knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual enlightenment through a combination of philosophy, alchemy, astrology, and magic. It emphasizes the exploration of hidden truths and the understanding of the divine nature of the universe.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Hermetika". Hermetika refers to a philosophical activity that is inspired by innovation. It is a term derived from Hermeticism, a philosophical and religious tradition that emerged during the Hellenistic period and was influenced by ancient Egyptian and Greek philosophy. Hermetika focuses on the pursuit of knowledge, wisdom, and spiritual enlightenment through a combination of philosophy, alchemy, astrology, and magic. It emphasizes the exploration of hidden truths and the understanding of the divine nature of the universe.

18. Produkcioni sistemi koji koriste П i О pravila produkcije zovu se:

Dvostrani sistemi

Direktni sistemi

Reverzni sistemi

The correct answer is "Dvostrani sistemi" because the question is asking for the name of production systems that use both "П" (pi) and "О" (o) production rules. "Dvostrani" translates to "bilateral" or "two-sided" in English, indicating that these systems have rules that can be applied in both directions.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Dvostrani sistemi" because the question is asking for the name of production systems that use both "П" (pi) and "О" (o) production rules. "Dvostrani" translates to "bilateral" or "two-sided" in English, indicating that these systems have rules that can be applied in both directions.

19. Gedelova teorema o nepotpunosti pokazuje da unutar svakog jezika dovoljno ekspersivnog da opise osobine prirodnih brojeva:

Mogu da se pojave stavovi za koje ne mozemo da dokazemo da su ili istiniti ili lazni

Ne mogu da se pojave stavovi za koje ne mozemo da dokazemo da su ili istiniti ili lazni

Gedelova teorema se ne odnosi na ovu problematiku

The correct answer states that within a language expressive enough to describe the properties of natural numbers, there can be statements for which we cannot prove whether they are true or false. This aligns with Gödel's incompleteness theorem, which showed that there are mathematical statements that are undecidable within a formal system. Therefore, the answer accurately reflects the implications of Gödel's theorem.

Explanation

The correct answer states that within a language expressive enough to describe the properties of natural numbers, there can be statements for which we cannot prove whether they are true or false. This aligns with Gödel's incompleteness theorem, which showed that there are mathematical statements that are undecidable within a formal system. Therefore, the answer accurately reflects the implications of Gödel's theorem.

20. Da li Tjuringova masina moze da izracuna nesto sto ne moze da izracuna produkcioni sistem?

Moze

Ne moze

Zavisi od problema

The correct answer is "Ne moze" (Cannot). This suggests that a Turing machine cannot compute something that a production system can. Turing machines are theoretical devices that can simulate any algorithmic computation, while production systems are rule-based systems used in artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is implied that a production system has capabilities beyond what a Turing machine can achieve.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ne moze" (Cannot). This suggests that a Turing machine cannot compute something that a production system can. Turing machines are theoretical devices that can simulate any algorithmic computation, while production systems are rule-based systems used in artificial intelligence. Therefore, it is implied that a production system has capabilities beyond what a Turing machine can achieve.

21. Problemi koje reseva vestacka inteligencija:

Jasno se mogu podeliti na klase koje covek lakse resava od masine

Ne mogu se podeliti na klase koje covek lakse resava od masine

Mogu se podeliti na klase koje se medjusobno prozimaju

This answer states that the problems that artificial intelligence solves can be clearly divided into classes that humans can solve more easily than machines. It implies that there are certain problem-solving tasks where humans have an advantage over machines in terms of ease or efficiency.

Explanation

This answer states that the problems that artificial intelligence solves can be clearly divided into classes that humans can solve more easily than machines. It implies that there are certain problem-solving tasks where humans have an advantage over machines in terms of ease or efficiency.

22. Pravilan redosled nastanka naucnih oblasti VI (vestacka inteligencija), MU (masinsko ucenje) i DU (duboboko ucenje) je:

VI -> MU -> DU

DU -> VI -> MU

MU -> VI -> DU

VI -> DU ->MU

The correct order of the emergence of scientific fields VI (artificial intelligence), MU (machine learning), and DU (deep learning) is VI -> MU -> DU. This means that artificial intelligence emerged first, followed by machine learning, and then deep learning.

Explanation

The correct order of the emergence of scientific fields VI (artificial intelligence), MU (machine learning), and DU (deep learning) is VI -> MU -> DU. This means that artificial intelligence emerged first, followed by machine learning, and then deep learning.

23. Skracenica GPS u vestackoj inteligenciji znaci:

General problem solver

General percepcion solution

Global positioning system

The correct answer is "General problem solver". In the context of artificial intelligence, the acronym GPS stands for General Problem Solver. This refers to a computer program or algorithm that is designed to solve a wide range of problems by applying general problem-solving techniques. It is not related to the Global Positioning System (GPS) or any specific perception solution.

Explanation

The correct answer is "General problem solver". In the context of artificial intelligence, the acronym GPS stands for General Problem Solver. This refers to a computer program or algorithm that is designed to solve a wide range of problems by applying general problem-solving techniques. It is not related to the Global Positioning System (GPS) or any specific perception solution.

24. Neuronauka je nauka o:

Neuro inteligentnim sistemima

Neuronskim mrezama u sistemima vestacke inteligencije

Nervnom sistemu, posebno mozgu

Neuronauka je nauka koja se bavi proučavanjem nervnog sistema, posebno mozga. Ova nauka istražuje strukturu i funkciju neurona, kao i način na koji se informacije obrađuju i prenose u mozgu. Neuronauka takođe istražuje kako se nervni sistem razvija i kako se može uticati na njegovu funkciju. Ova definicija se najbolje poklapa sa opcijom "Nervnom sistemu, posebno mozgu".

Explanation

Neuronauka je nauka koja se bavi proučavanjem nervnog sistema, posebno mozga. Ova nauka istražuje strukturu i funkciju neurona, kao i način na koji se informacije obrađuju i prenose u mozgu. Neuronauka takođe istražuje kako se nervni sistem razvija i kako se može uticati na njegovu funkciju. Ova definicija se najbolje poklapa sa opcijom "Nervnom sistemu, posebno mozgu".

25. Akronim HLAI znaci:

half layer artificial intelligence

human layer artificial intelligence

human level artificial intelligence

The acronym HLAI stands for "human level artificial intelligence." This refers to the concept of artificial intelligence systems that can perform tasks at the same level as a human being. It implies that the AI system is capable of understanding and executing complex tasks, problem-solving, and learning in a manner similar to humans. This level of AI would have the ability to reason, comprehend natural language, and exhibit general intelligence, making it comparable to human intelligence.

Explanation

The acronym HLAI stands for "human level artificial intelligence." This refers to the concept of artificial intelligence systems that can perform tasks at the same level as a human being. It implies that the AI system is capable of understanding and executing complex tasks, problem-solving, and learning in a manner similar to humans. This level of AI would have the ability to reason, comprehend natural language, and exhibit general intelligence, making it comparable to human intelligence.

26. Akronim SOAR znaci:

Superior organization of artificial reasoning

State, operator and result

Secondary option for artificial requirement

SOAR stands for State, Operator, and Result. This acronym is commonly used in the field of artificial intelligence and refers to a problem-solving approach. In this approach, the problem is divided into three components: the current state, the operators or actions that can be applied to the state, and the result that is obtained after applying the operators. By considering these three elements, AI systems can effectively analyze and solve complex problems.

Explanation

SOAR stands for State, Operator, and Result. This acronym is commonly used in the field of artificial intelligence and refers to a problem-solving approach. In this approach, the problem is divided into three components: the current state, the operators or actions that can be applied to the state, and the result that is obtained after applying the operators. By considering these three elements, AI systems can effectively analyze and solve complex problems.

27. Lingvistika je nauka o:

Nacinu izrazavanja misli u ljudskim govornim jezicima

Ljudskim govornim jeizicima

Gradji jezika i judskog govornog aparata

The correct answer is "Ljudskim govornim jeizicima" (In human spoken languages). This answer accurately reflects the field of linguistics, which is the scientific study of human language and its structure, including the sounds, words, and grammar used in human speech.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Ljudskim govornim jeizicima" (In human spoken languages). This answer accurately reflects the field of linguistics, which is the scientific study of human language and its structure, including the sounds, words, and grammar used in human speech.

28. Kod produkcionih sistema, tipovi kod kojih pojedini koraci u resavanju se mogu u potpunosti ignorisati (dokazivanje teorema), zovu se:

Povratni

Nepovratni

Ignorantni

The term "ignorantni" refers to the types of code in production systems where certain steps in the solution can be completely ignored, such as in the case of proving theorems. These steps are not necessary for the overall functioning of the system and can be disregarded.

Explanation

The term "ignorantni" refers to the types of code in production systems where certain steps in the solution can be completely ignored, such as in the case of proving theorems. These steps are not necessary for the overall functioning of the system and can be disregarded.

29. Sesija o masinskom ucenju na Datmut koledzu 1955. godine odrzana je u:

San Francisku

Los Andjelesu

Redmondu

The correct answer is Los Angeles. The question is asking where the machine learning session at Datmut College in 1955 was held. The answer is Los Angeles because it is stated in the question that the session took place there.

Explanation

The correct answer is Los Angeles. The question is asking where the machine learning session at Datmut College in 1955 was held. The answer is Los Angeles because it is stated in the question that the session took place there.

30. Delo Hermana Helmholca "Prirucnik psiholoske optike" izucava probleme iz:

Psihologije

Optike

Fizike

The correct answer is "Psychology, Physics". The book "Prirucnik psiholoske optike" by Delo Hermana Helmholca explores problems from both psychology and physics. It likely discusses the psychological aspects related to optics, such as perception, cognition, and the psychological effects of light and visual stimuli. Additionally, it may delve into the physics behind optics, covering topics like the behavior of light, lenses, and the principles of vision.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Psychology, Physics". The book "Prirucnik psiholoske optike" by Delo Hermana Helmholca explores problems from both psychology and physics. It likely discusses the psychological aspects related to optics, such as perception, cognition, and the psychological effects of light and visual stimuli. Additionally, it may delve into the physics behind optics, covering topics like the behavior of light, lenses, and the principles of vision.

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31. "Problem predstavljanja" je:

Nemogucnost da se misticko iskustvo nedvosmisleno prenese recima

Transformacija izvorne formulacije na jezika produkcionih sistema

Problem vezan za asocijativni aspekt verbalnih formulacija

The correct answer is "Transformacija izvorne formulacije na jezika produkcionih sistema" which translates to "Transformation of the original formulation into the language of production systems." This suggests that the problem of "problem predstavljanja" refers to the challenge of converting or translating the original formulation or expression into a language that can be understood and processed by production systems. This could involve converting complex or abstract ideas into a more structured and logical format that can be effectively utilized by the systems.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Transformacija izvorne formulacije na jezika produkcionih sistema" which translates to "Transformation of the original formulation into the language of production systems." This suggests that the problem of "problem predstavljanja" refers to the challenge of converting or translating the original formulation or expression into a language that can be understood and processed by production systems. This could involve converting complex or abstract ideas into a more structured and logical format that can be effectively utilized by the systems.

32. Data mining:

Predstavlja oblast izucavanja vestacke inteligencije

Ne predstavlja oblast izucavanja vestacke inteligencije

Predstavlja oblast izucavanja vestacke inteligencije samo u domenu heuristickih pretraga

Data mining is a field of study that involves the extraction and analysis of large sets of data to discover patterns, relationships, and insights. It uses various techniques such as machine learning, statistics, and database systems to uncover hidden patterns and make predictions. While it is closely related to artificial intelligence, it is not limited to heuristic searches. Data mining can be applied to various domains and industries to solve complex problems and make informed decisions.

Explanation

Data mining is a field of study that involves the extraction and analysis of large sets of data to discover patterns, relationships, and insights. It uses various techniques such as machine learning, statistics, and database systems to uncover hidden patterns and make predictions. While it is closely related to artificial intelligence, it is not limited to heuristic searches. Data mining can be applied to various domains and industries to solve complex problems and make informed decisions.

33. Delo "Ispitivanje prirode i uzroka bogatsta nacija" napisao je:

Adam Smit

Dzon fon Nojman

Frank Ramzi

The correct answer is Adam Smith.

Explanation

The correct answer is Adam Smith.

34. Sa cisto inzenjerskog stanovista, pitanje inteligentnih masina je zapravo optimizacioni problem izbora:

Najboljeg softverskog agenta za zadatu arhitekturu

Najboljeg programskog jezika u kome je moguce modelovati inteligenciju

Najboljeg alata za prevodjenje AIML jezika u binarni blok

From a pure engineering perspective, the question of intelligent machines is actually an optimization problem of choice. In this context, the question is asking for the best software agent for a given architecture. It is seeking the most suitable software agent that can effectively operate within a specific system or framework.

Explanation

From a pure engineering perspective, the question of intelligent machines is actually an optimization problem of choice. In this context, the question is asking for the best software agent for a given architecture. It is seeking the most suitable software agent that can effectively operate within a specific system or framework.

35. Britanska vlada je 1973. godine smatrala da je vestacka inteligencija promaseni projekat i donela je odluku o potpunom prekidu finansiranja svih istrazivanja iz ove oblasti:

Netacno

Tacno

Delimicno tacno

The given answer "Tacno" is correct because it states that the British government in 1973 considered artificial intelligence to be a failed project and decided to completely stop funding all research in this field.

Explanation

The given answer "Tacno" is correct because it states that the British government in 1973 considered artificial intelligence to be a failed project and decided to completely stop funding all research in this field.

36. U delimicno observabilnom i stohastickom okruzenju, racionalni agent zasnovan na korisnosti:

Bira akcije koje minimizuju ocekivanu korist

Bira akcije koje maksimizuju ocekivanu korist

Bira akcije koje maksimizuju racunarsku efikasnost njihovog izracunavanja

In a partially observable and stochastic environment, a rational agent based on utility chooses actions that maximize expected utility. This means that the agent considers the potential outcomes of each action and selects the one that is expected to result in the highest overall utility or benefit. By maximizing expected utility, the agent aims to make decisions that will lead to the most favorable outcomes in terms of their value or desirability.

Explanation

In a partially observable and stochastic environment, a rational agent based on utility chooses actions that maximize expected utility. This means that the agent considers the potential outcomes of each action and selects the one that is expected to result in the highest overall utility or benefit. By maximizing expected utility, the agent aims to make decisions that will lead to the most favorable outcomes in terms of their value or desirability.

37. Potpuni agent po definiciji ne mora da uci na osnovu primera odnosno okruzenja u kome se krece i na osnovu posmatranja rezultata svojih akcija:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The answer is "Netacno" because a complete agent, by definition, does require learning from examples and observing the results of its actions in the environment.

Explanation

The answer is "Netacno" because a complete agent, by definition, does require learning from examples and observing the results of its actions in the environment.

38. Uredjaj kom najvise odgovara koncept sistema fizickih simbola je:

Regulator

Reaktor

Digitalni racunar

Racunarska mreza

Analogni racunar

A digital computer is the device that best corresponds to the concept of a physical symbol system because it can manipulate and process symbols in a discrete and precise manner. Unlike analog computers, which operate on continuous values, digital computers use binary code to represent and manipulate information. This allows for precise calculations and logical operations, making digital computers ideal for complex tasks such as data processing, simulations, and problem-solving. Therefore, a digital computer is the most suitable device for implementing a physical symbol system.

Explanation

A digital computer is the device that best corresponds to the concept of a physical symbol system because it can manipulate and process symbols in a discrete and precise manner. Unlike analog computers, which operate on continuous values, digital computers use binary code to represent and manipulate information. This allows for precise calculations and logical operations, making digital computers ideal for complex tasks such as data processing, simulations, and problem-solving. Therefore, a digital computer is the most suitable device for implementing a physical symbol system.

39. Prva vrsta poteskoca u razvoju vestacke inteligencije je nastala:

Zato sto je doslo do nedvosmilenog zakljucka da je humano rezonovanje nedostizan ideal

Zato sto se svetsko znanje uvecava eksponencijalnom brzinom te ga nije moguce subllimirati

Zato sto je vecina ranih programa sadzala malo ili nimalo znanja o domenu na koji se odnosi

The correct answer suggests that one of the first difficulties in the development of artificial intelligence arose because most early programs contained little or no knowledge about the domain they were addressing. This lack of knowledge hindered the ability of these programs to effectively reason and make intelligent decisions.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that one of the first difficulties in the development of artificial intelligence arose because most early programs contained little or no knowledge about the domain they were addressing. This lack of knowledge hindered the ability of these programs to effectively reason and make intelligent decisions.

40. Cerc-Tjuringova teza tvrdi da je Tjuringova masina sposobna da izracuna bilo koju izracunljivu funkciju:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The given statement is true. The Cerc-Tjuringova thesis states that a Turing machine is capable of calculating any computable function. This means that any problem that can be solved algorithmically can be solved by a Turing machine. Therefore, the statement "Tacno" (True) is the correct answer.

Explanation

The given statement is true. The Cerc-Tjuringova thesis states that a Turing machine is capable of calculating any computable function. This means that any problem that can be solved algorithmically can be solved by a Turing machine. Therefore, the statement "Tacno" (True) is the correct answer.

41. Sta tacno znaci Norvigova formulacija fenomena podataka:

Jednostavan model + malo podataka > kompleksni model

Jednostavan model + puno podataka > kompleksni model

Jednostavan model + malo podataka < kompleksni model

Jednostavan model + puno podataka < kompleksni model

Norvigova formulacija fenomena podataka tvrdi da je jednostavan model sa puno podataka efikasniji od kompleksnog modela sa malo podataka. To znači da je bolje koristiti jednostavan model koji je naučen na velikom broju podataka nego koristiti kompleksan model koji je naučen na malom broju podataka. Ova formulacija naglašava važnost količine podataka u odnosu na složenost modela i ukazuje na to da veći skup podataka može nadmašiti složenost modela u postizanju boljih rezultata.

Explanation

Norvigova formulacija fenomena podataka tvrdi da je jednostavan model sa puno podataka efikasniji od kompleksnog modela sa malo podataka. To znači da je bolje koristiti jednostavan model koji je naučen na velikom broju podataka nego koristiti kompleksan model koji je naučen na malom broju podataka. Ova formulacija naglašava važnost količine podataka u odnosu na složenost modela i ukazuje na to da veći skup podataka može nadmašiti složenost modela u postizanju boljih rezultata.

42. Matematicki razvoj formalne logike zapoceo je:

Gotlib Frege

Alfred Tarski

George Bull

George Bull is the correct answer because he is credited with the development of formal logic. While Gottlob Frege and Alfred Tarski were also influential figures in the field of logic, George Bull is specifically known for his contributions to the mathematical development of formal logic.

Explanation

George Bull is the correct answer because he is credited with the development of formal logic. While Gottlob Frege and Alfred Tarski were also influential figures in the field of logic, George Bull is specifically known for his contributions to the mathematical development of formal logic.

43. Kognitivna nauka i kognitivna neuronauka se ne proucavaju u okviru vestacke inteligencije:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The explanation for the given answer "Netacno" is that cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are indeed studied within the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence aims to replicate human cognitive processes and understanding how the brain works is crucial in achieving this goal. Therefore, studying cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience is an integral part of research and development in artificial intelligence.

Explanation

The explanation for the given answer "Netacno" is that cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are indeed studied within the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence aims to replicate human cognitive processes and understanding how the brain works is crucial in achieving this goal. Therefore, studying cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience is an integral part of research and development in artificial intelligence.

44. Ko je prvi definisao skup fizickih simbola?

Tjuring

Winston

Newel i Simon

Senon

Newel and Simon were the first to define the concept of physical symbols. They developed the physical symbol system hypothesis, which states that any system capable of exhibiting intelligent behavior must have a physical symbol system at its core. This means that the system must be able to manipulate and interpret symbols to perform tasks. Their work laid the foundation for the study of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

Explanation

Newel and Simon were the first to define the concept of physical symbols. They developed the physical symbol system hypothesis, which states that any system capable of exhibiting intelligent behavior must have a physical symbol system at its core. This means that the system must be able to manipulate and interpret symbols to perform tasks. Their work laid the foundation for the study of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

45. Na kom naucnom skupu je prvi put skovan naziv "Vestacka inteligencija":

IEEE Conference on IT, 1952.

TELFOR, 1960.

Dartmouth Workshop, 1956.

Dartmouth Workshop, 1954.

The term "Artificial Intelligence" was first coined at the Dartmouth Workshop in 1956. This workshop, organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon, brought together researchers from various fields to discuss the possibility of creating machines that can simulate human intelligence. It was during this workshop that the term "Artificial Intelligence" was used for the first time to describe the field of study and research in creating intelligent machines.

Explanation

The term "Artificial Intelligence" was first coined at the Dartmouth Workshop in 1956. This workshop, organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon, brought together researchers from various fields to discuss the possibility of creating machines that can simulate human intelligence. It was during this workshop that the term "Artificial Intelligence" was used for the first time to describe the field of study and research in creating intelligent machines.

46. Sta tvrdi Moravecom paradoks za tezinu prenosa ljudskih sposobnosti na racunar:

Sposobnosti kojih je covek svestan se lako prenose

Sposobnosti kojih je covek svestan se tesko prenose

Sposobnosti kojih je covek nesvestan se lako prenose

Sposobnosti kojih je covek nesvestan se tesko prenose

The Moravec's paradox states that the abilities that are easy for computers to perform are difficult for humans, and vice versa. This is because computers excel at tasks that require logical reasoning, calculations, and processing large amounts of data, while humans are better at tasks that involve intuition, perception, and social interaction. Therefore, the statement "Sposobnosti kojih je covek svestan se lako prenose" (Abilities that humans are aware of are easily transferred) aligns with the paradox, as humans are conscious of their abilities and can easily transfer them to computers. Similarly, "Sposobnosti kojih je covek nesvestan se tesko prenose" (Abilities that humans are unaware of are difficult to transfer) also aligns with the paradox, as humans may not be conscious of these abilities and therefore struggle to transfer them to computers.

Explanation

The Moravec's paradox states that the abilities that are easy for computers to perform are difficult for humans, and vice versa. This is because computers excel at tasks that require logical reasoning, calculations, and processing large amounts of data, while humans are better at tasks that involve intuition, perception, and social interaction. Therefore, the statement "Sposobnosti kojih je covek svestan se lako prenose" (Abilities that humans are aware of are easily transferred) aligns with the paradox, as humans are conscious of their abilities and can easily transfer them to computers. Similarly, "Sposobnosti kojih je covek nesvestan se tesko prenose" (Abilities that humans are unaware of are difficult to transfer) also aligns with the paradox, as humans may not be conscious of these abilities and therefore struggle to transfer them to computers.

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47. Kod produkcionih sistema, uslov primene je:

Stanje koje zadovoljava globalna baza podataka da bi pravilo bilo primenljivo

Podrazumevano stanje racunarskih resursa u cilju daljeg izvodjenja

Lista svih zahteva serverskog okruzenja da bi ono funkcionisalo

The condition for application in production systems is that the state satisfies the global database so that the rule can be applied.

Explanation

The condition for application in production systems is that the state satisfies the global database so that the rule can be applied.

48. Nominalne definicije ostavljaju otvorenim pitanje da li:

Stvar koja je definisana moze da egzistira

Stvar koja je imenovana moze da se preimenuje

Stvar koja je prihvacena sme da se razmatra

The given answer suggests that nominal definitions leave open the question of whether the thing being defined can exist. This means that nominal definitions do not necessarily imply the actual existence of the thing being defined.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that nominal definitions leave open the question of whether the thing being defined can exist. This means that nominal definitions do not necessarily imply the actual existence of the thing being defined.

49. Produkcioni sistemi koji koriste П pravila produkcije zovu se:

Direktni sistemi

Reverzi sistemi

Dvostrani sistemi

The correct answer is "Direktni sistemi" because "Produkcioni sistemi koji koriste П pravila produkcije" translates to "Production systems that use П production rules" in English. "Direktni sistemi" translates to "Direct systems" which refers to production systems that use direct production rules, where the left-hand side of the production rule consists of only one non-terminal symbol.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Direktni sistemi" because "Produkcioni sistemi koji koriste П pravila produkcije" translates to "Production systems that use П production rules" in English. "Direktni sistemi" translates to "Direct systems" which refers to production systems that use direct production rules, where the left-hand side of the production rule consists of only one non-terminal symbol.

50. "Kognitivna revolucija" podrazumeva:

Modelovanje univerzalnog jezika za reprezentaciju iskustva koji iskljucuje dvosmislenost

Teorijsko modelovanje internih aktivnosti ljudskog mozga

Primenu principa "cogito ergo sum"

The correct answer is "Teorijsko modelovanje internih aktivnosti ljudskog mozga". This is because "Kognitivna revolucija" refers to the theoretical modeling of internal activities of the human brain. It involves understanding and studying the processes and mechanisms of cognition, such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving. This approach aims to explain how the mind works and how cognitive processes can be understood and replicated. It does not involve the creation of a universal language for representing experience or the application of the principle "cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am).

Explanation

The correct answer is "Teorijsko modelovanje internih aktivnosti ljudskog mozga". This is because "Kognitivna revolucija" refers to the theoretical modeling of internal activities of the human brain. It involves understanding and studying the processes and mechanisms of cognition, such as perception, memory, attention, and problem-solving. This approach aims to explain how the mind works and how cognitive processes can be understood and replicated. It does not involve the creation of a universal language for representing experience or the application of the principle "cogito ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am).

51. Pristupi u oblasti VI mogu se svrstati u dve glavne kategorije:

Simbolicki

Subsimbolicki

Simbioticki

Simulativni

The correct answer is "Simbolicki, Subsimbolicki". This is because the question is asking about the two main categories of approaches in the field of VI (Visual Impairment). The options provided are "Simbolicki" and "Subsimbolicki" which are the correct answers. The other options "Simbioticki" and "Simulativni" are not mentioned in the question and therefore are incorrect.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Simbolicki, Subsimbolicki". This is because the question is asking about the two main categories of approaches in the field of VI (Visual Impairment). The options provided are "Simbolicki" and "Subsimbolicki" which are the correct answers. The other options "Simbioticki" and "Simulativni" are not mentioned in the question and therefore are incorrect.

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52. U sistemima produkcije, na pravila izdvajanja i pamcenja vec oprobanih nizova pravila i GB indukovanih njihovom primenom odnose se:

Strategije pretrage

Matematicki argumenti

Dovrsena znanja

In production systems, the extraction and storage of proven rule sequences and the generalization of their application are related to search strategies. This means that in order to efficiently use the already tested rule sequences and the knowledge gained from their application, specific search strategies need to be employed. These strategies help in identifying the most appropriate rule sequences to be applied in different situations, improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the production system.

Explanation

In production systems, the extraction and storage of proven rule sequences and the generalization of their application are related to search strategies. This means that in order to efficiently use the already tested rule sequences and the knowledge gained from their application, specific search strategies need to be employed. These strategies help in identifying the most appropriate rule sequences to be applied in different situations, improving the overall efficiency and effectiveness of the production system.

53. Vestacka inteligencija je pocela da se razvija kao naucna disciplina:*

Krajem XX veka

Pocetkom XX veka

Sredinom XX veka

Krajem XIX veka

Artificial intelligence started to develop as a scientific discipline in the mid-20th century.

Explanation

Artificial intelligence started to develop as a scientific discipline in the mid-20th century.

54. Treca poteskoca u razvoju vestacke inteligencije je nastala:

Zbog nedostatka racunarskih resursa

Zbog fundamentalnih ogranicenja osnovnih arhitektura inteligentnih sistema

Zbog prestanka finansiranja istrazivanja od strane britanske vlade

The answer states that the third difficulty in the development of artificial intelligence arose due to the fundamental limitations of basic architectures of intelligent systems. This suggests that the limitations in the underlying structures and designs of intelligent systems have posed significant challenges in the development of artificial intelligence.

Explanation

The answer states that the third difficulty in the development of artificial intelligence arose due to the fundamental limitations of basic architectures of intelligent systems. This suggests that the limitations in the underlying structures and designs of intelligent systems have posed significant challenges in the development of artificial intelligence.

55. U slucaju epizodnog okruzenja:

Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi samo od procene prve buduce epizode

Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi samo od tekuce epizode

Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi samo od neposredno prethodne epizode

Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi od svih prethodnih epizoda

The correct answer is "Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi samo od tekuce epizode" (The choice of action in each episode depends only on the current episode). This means that in an episodic environment, the agent's decision-making process is based solely on the current episode and does not take into account any past or future episodes. The agent does not consider any long-term consequences or learn from previous experiences, but instead makes decisions based on the immediate situation.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Izbor akcije u svakoj epizodi zavisi samo od tekuce epizode" (The choice of action in each episode depends only on the current episode). This means that in an episodic environment, the agent's decision-making process is based solely on the current episode and does not take into account any past or future episodes. The agent does not consider any long-term consequences or learn from previous experiences, but instead makes decisions based on the immediate situation.

56. Racunarski agenti se od obicnih racunarskih programa razlikuju po tome sto poseduju:

Autonomno upravljanje

Opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja

Mogucnost adaptacije na promene

Neogranicene racunarske resurse na raspolaganju

Kompajlere koji ne razmaraju sintaksu

Prosirivi API

Racunarski agenti se razlikuju od obicnih racunarskih programa po tome sto poseduju autonomno upravljanje, opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja, i mogucnost adaptacije na promene. Ovo znaci da racunarski agenti mogu samostalno donositi odluke i izvrsavati zadatke bez potrebe za stalnim nadzorom korisnika. Oni takodje mogu opazati i razumeti okruzenje u kojem se nalaze, sto im omogucava da se prilagode i reaguju na promene u tom okruzenju.

Explanation

Racunarski agenti se razlikuju od obicnih racunarskih programa po tome sto poseduju autonomno upravljanje, opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja, i mogucnost adaptacije na promene. Ovo znaci da racunarski agenti mogu samostalno donositi odluke i izvrsavati zadatke bez potrebe za stalnim nadzorom korisnika. Oni takodje mogu opazati i razumeti okruzenje u kojem se nalaze, sto im omogucava da se prilagode i reaguju na promene u tom okruzenju.

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57. Situacije u kojima ne postoji dokazivo prava akcija, a mora se nekako delovati, je primer:

Da korektno zakljucivanje nije sve sto cini racionalnost

Koji nema nikakvu vezu sa odnosom racionalnosti i korektnog zakljucivanja

Da se korektno zakljucivanje i racionalnost poklapaju

The correct answer suggests that there are situations where there is a need to take action even when there is no provable right course of action. This implies that rationality goes beyond just correct reasoning and involves making decisions in uncertain or ambiguous situations where there may not be a clear-cut answer.

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that there are situations where there is a need to take action even when there is no provable right course of action. This implies that rationality goes beyond just correct reasoning and involves making decisions in uncertain or ambiguous situations where there may not be a clear-cut answer.

58. Racionalni agent mora biti napravljen po uzoru na ljude i njihov nacin ostvarivanja ciljeva:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The given statement is incorrect. A rational agent does not necessarily have to be made in the likeness of humans and their way of achieving goals. Rationality in agents refers to their ability to make decisions based on logical reasoning and maximizing their expected utility, which may differ from human behavior. Therefore, it is not necessary for a rational agent to mimic human behavior in achieving goals.

Explanation

The given statement is incorrect. A rational agent does not necessarily have to be made in the likeness of humans and their way of achieving goals. Rationality in agents refers to their ability to make decisions based on logical reasoning and maximizing their expected utility, which may differ from human behavior. Therefore, it is not necessary for a rational agent to mimic human behavior in achieving goals.

59. Ako se uspostavi veza izmedju produkcionog sistema i ljudskog nacina resavanja problema, pravilima odgovara:

Kratkotrajna memorija

Dugotrajna memorija

Rezonovanje

When a connection is established between the production system and the human problem-solving process, it is the long-term memory that corresponds to the rules. Long-term memory stores information and knowledge that can be accessed and used in problem-solving. It allows individuals to recall and apply rules or strategies that have been learned and stored over time. This connection between the production system and long-term memory suggests that rules are stored and retrieved from long-term memory to guide problem-solving processes.

Explanation

When a connection is established between the production system and the human problem-solving process, it is the long-term memory that corresponds to the rules. Long-term memory stores information and knowledge that can be accessed and used in problem-solving. It allows individuals to recall and apply rules or strategies that have been learned and stored over time. This connection between the production system and long-term memory suggests that rules are stored and retrieved from long-term memory to guide problem-solving processes.

60. Po Lajbnicovoj teoriji stupnjeva znanja, bitno ili dovrseno znanje je ono koje je:

Svodivo na elementarne pojmove

Konacno definisano i na njega se ne treba vracati

Znanje koje se odnosi na nezivu prirodu

According to Leibniz's theory of degrees of knowledge, essential or complete knowledge is the one that can be reduced to elementary concepts. It means that this knowledge is based on fundamental and basic principles that do not require further explanation or elaboration. It does not refer specifically to knowledge related to inanimate nature, as the other options suggest, but rather emphasizes the idea that essential knowledge is based on fundamental and elementary concepts.

Explanation

According to Leibniz's theory of degrees of knowledge, essential or complete knowledge is the one that can be reduced to elementary concepts. It means that this knowledge is based on fundamental and basic principles that do not require further explanation or elaboration. It does not refer specifically to knowledge related to inanimate nature, as the other options suggest, but rather emphasizes the idea that essential knowledge is based on fundamental and elementary concepts.

61. Slaba hipoteza vestacke inteligencije je:

Moguce su masine koje deluju kao da su inteligentne

Moguce su masine koje zaista misle

Moguce su masine za koje se tvrdi da inteligentno misle

This answer suggests that the weak hypothesis of artificial intelligence is that machines can act in a way that appears intelligent. This means that machines can mimic intelligent behavior, but it does not necessarily mean that they are truly thinking or have consciousness.

Explanation

This answer suggests that the weak hypothesis of artificial intelligence is that machines can act in a way that appears intelligent. This means that machines can mimic intelligent behavior, but it does not necessarily mean that they are truly thinking or have consciousness.

62. Prosti refleksni agenti imaju smisla:

U potpuno neobservabilnom okruzenju

U potpuno observabilnom okruzenju

U viseagentskom stohastickom okruzenju

Prosti refleksni agenti imaju smisla u potpuno observabilnom okruženju jer u takvom okruženju agent ima potpuni uvid u trenutno stanje okruženja. To znači da agent može donositi odluke na temelju trenutnih informacija i izvršavati odgovarajuće akcije. U potpuno observabilnom okruženju agent ne mora uzimati u obzir prošla stanja ili predviđati buduća stanja, već se fokusira samo na trenutno stanje okruženja.

Explanation

Prosti refleksni agenti imaju smisla u potpuno observabilnom okruženju jer u takvom okruženju agent ima potpuni uvid u trenutno stanje okruženja. To znači da agent može donositi odluke na temelju trenutnih informacija i izvršavati odgovarajuće akcije. U potpuno observabilnom okruženju agent ne mora uzimati u obzir prošla stanja ili predviđati buduća stanja, već se fokusira samo na trenutno stanje okruženja.

63. Tjuringov test podrazumeva direktnu fizicku interakciju izmedju ispitivaca i ispitivanog sistema:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. The explanation for this answer is that the Turing test does not involve direct physical interaction between the examiner and the system being tested. Instead, the test is based on the ability of a machine to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. The examiner interacts with the machine through a text-based interface, without any physical contact or direct sensory perception.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. The explanation for this answer is that the Turing test does not involve direct physical interaction between the examiner and the system being tested. Instead, the test is based on the ability of a machine to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human. The examiner interacts with the machine through a text-based interface, without any physical contact or direct sensory perception.

64. Pojam "problem-igracka" prvi je upotrebio:

Edmund Husserl

Burrhus Fredric Skinner

Sejmur Papert

Seymour Papert is credited with first using the term "problem-toy." He was a mathematician and computer scientist who developed the concept of "constructionism," which emphasizes learning through hands-on experiences and problem-solving. Papert believed that children could learn complex concepts by engaging with educational toys and technology. His influential work in the field of educational technology and his advocacy for the use of computers in education make him the most likely candidate to have first used the term "problem-toy."

Explanation

Seymour Papert is credited with first using the term "problem-toy." He was a mathematician and computer scientist who developed the concept of "constructionism," which emphasizes learning through hands-on experiences and problem-solving. Papert believed that children could learn complex concepts by engaging with educational toys and technology. His influential work in the field of educational technology and his advocacy for the use of computers in education make him the most likely candidate to have first used the term "problem-toy."

65. Akronim AGI znaci:

artificial general intelligence

artificial global intelligence

artificial geoposition information

AGI stands for artificial general intelligence, which refers to the development of highly autonomous systems that can outperform humans in most economically valuable work. It represents the ability of a machine to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks, similar to human intelligence. This term is often used in the field of artificial intelligence to distinguish it from narrow AI systems that are designed for specific tasks. AGI aims to create machines that possess human-like intelligence and can adapt to various situations, making it a significant area of research and development in the field.

Explanation

AGI stands for artificial general intelligence, which refers to the development of highly autonomous systems that can outperform humans in most economically valuable work. It represents the ability of a machine to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks, similar to human intelligence. This term is often used in the field of artificial intelligence to distinguish it from narrow AI systems that are designed for specific tasks. AGI aims to create machines that possess human-like intelligence and can adapt to various situations, making it a significant area of research and development in the field.

66. Jaka hipoteza vestacke inteligencije je:

Moguce su masine koje deluju kao da su inteligentne

Moguce su masine koje zaista misle

Moguce su masine za koje se tvrdi da inteligentno misle

The correct answer is "Moguce su masine koje zaista misle" (Possible are machines that truly think). This answer suggests that it is possible for machines to have genuine thoughts, indicating a belief in the existence of true artificial intelligence. The other options imply that machines can only act intelligently or that they are claimed to think intelligently, but do not necessarily possess true thinking capabilities.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Moguce su masine koje zaista misle" (Possible are machines that truly think). This answer suggests that it is possible for machines to have genuine thoughts, indicating a belief in the existence of true artificial intelligence. The other options imply that machines can only act intelligently or that they are claimed to think intelligently, but do not necessarily possess true thinking capabilities.

67. Produkcioni sistemi kod kojih se GB i terminalni uslovi mogu razloziti na komponente koje dozvoljavaju nazavisnu primenu pravila, zove se:

Razgradivi produkcioni sistemi

Rekurzivni produkcioni sistemi

Razlozivi prodkcioni sistemi

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

68. Utemeljivac teorije upravljanja je:

Hans van den Broek

Gotfrid Vilhelm Lajbnic

Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener is the correct answer because he is known as the founder of cybernetics, which is the study of control and communication in animals and machines. Wiener's work laid the foundation for modern control theory and systems theory, which are fundamental concepts in the field of management. His theories and research have had a significant impact on various disciplines, including engineering, mathematics, and management.

Explanation

Norbert Wiener is the correct answer because he is known as the founder of cybernetics, which is the study of control and communication in animals and machines. Wiener's work laid the foundation for modern control theory and systems theory, which are fundamental concepts in the field of management. His theories and research have had a significant impact on various disciplines, including engineering, mathematics, and management.

69. Osnovni principi Aristotelove logike su:

Princip identiteta

Princip bivalentnosti

Princip polivalentnosti

Princip kontradikcije

Princip iskljucenja treceg

Princip modalnosti

The basic principles of Aristotelian logic are the Principle of Identity, the Principle of Contradiction, and the Principle of Excluded Middle. The Principle of Identity states that a statement is true if it refers to itself. The Principle of Contradiction states that a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time. The Principle of Excluded Middle states that a statement must either be true or false, with no middle ground. These principles form the foundation of Aristotelian logic and are essential for reasoning and argumentation.

Explanation

The basic principles of Aristotelian logic are the Principle of Identity, the Principle of Contradiction, and the Principle of Excluded Middle. The Principle of Identity states that a statement is true if it refers to itself. The Principle of Contradiction states that a statement cannot be both true and false at the same time. The Principle of Excluded Middle states that a statement must either be true or false, with no middle ground. These principles form the foundation of Aristotelian logic and are essential for reasoning and argumentation.

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70. Svako inteligentno ponasanje mora biti odredjeno logickim misljenjem:

Tacno

Netacno

Intelligent behavior is not necessarily determined by logical thinking. While logical thinking can be a part of intelligent behavior, there are other factors such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and intuition that also contribute to intelligent behavior. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that intelligent behavior must be determined by logical thinking alone.

Explanation

Intelligent behavior is not necessarily determined by logical thinking. While logical thinking can be a part of intelligent behavior, there are other factors such as creativity, emotional intelligence, and intuition that also contribute to intelligent behavior. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that intelligent behavior must be determined by logical thinking alone.

71. Sta oznacava akronim PEAS:

Persitence, Evaluation, Action, Sensors

Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors

Performance measure, Environment, Audit, Sensors

Performance measure, Evaluation, Action, Sensors

The acronym PEAS stands for Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors. This acronym represents the components of an intelligent agent. The performance measure refers to the criteria used to evaluate the success of an agent's actions. The environment is the external context in which the agent operates. Actuators are the physical devices that allow the agent to interact with the environment, while sensors are the devices that allow the agent to perceive and gather information about the environment.

Explanation

The acronym PEAS stands for Performance measure, Environment, Actuators, Sensors. This acronym represents the components of an intelligent agent. The performance measure refers to the criteria used to evaluate the success of an agent's actions. The environment is the external context in which the agent operates. Actuators are the physical devices that allow the agent to interact with the environment, while sensors are the devices that allow the agent to perceive and gather information about the environment.

72. Tjuringov test je do danas prosao veci broj sistema vestacke inteligencije:

Tacno

Netacno

The given statement is "Tjuringov test je do danas prosao veci broj sistema vestacke inteligencije" which translates to "A greater number of artificial intelligence systems have passed the Turing test to this day." The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False." This suggests that the statement is not true, and it implies that a lesser number of AI systems have passed the Turing test so far.

Explanation

The given statement is "Tjuringov test je do danas prosao veci broj sistema vestacke inteligencije" which translates to "A greater number of artificial intelligence systems have passed the Turing test to this day." The correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False." This suggests that the statement is not true, and it implies that a lesser number of AI systems have passed the Turing test so far.

73. Sta je sistem fizickih simbola:

Skup simbola

Masina koja generise promenljivi skup strukture simbola

Poseban fizicki sistem namenjen prikupljanju podataka

Skup fizickih predmeta

The correct answer is "A machine that generates a variable set of symbolic structures." This explanation states that a physical symbol system is a machine that has the ability to generate a set of symbolic structures that can vary. This suggests that a physical symbol system is not just a static collection of symbols, but rather a dynamic system that can generate and manipulate symbols in different ways.

Explanation

The correct answer is "A machine that generates a variable set of symbolic structures." This explanation states that a physical symbol system is a machine that has the ability to generate a set of symbolic structures that can vary. This suggests that a physical symbol system is not just a static collection of symbols, but rather a dynamic system that can generate and manipulate symbols in different ways.

74. Logisticki pravac u vestackoj inteligenciji: *

Ne postoji

Postoji

Nekada je postojao, ali vise ne postoji

The correct answer is "Postoji." This suggests that there is a logistic direction in artificial intelligence.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Postoji." This suggests that there is a logistic direction in artificial intelligence.

75. U odnosu na smer pretrage, produkcioni sistemi se mogu kategorisati kao:

Usmereni sistemi

Neusmereni sistemi

Direktni sistemi

Dvostrani sistemi

Ireverzibilni sistemi

Reverzni sistemi

The correct answer includes three categories of production systems: direct systems, bilateral systems, and reverse systems. These categories are based on the direction of the search in the production system. Direct systems refer to systems that search forward in a single direction, while bilateral systems search in both forward and backward directions. Reverse systems, on the other hand, search backward from the goal state.

Explanation

The correct answer includes three categories of production systems: direct systems, bilateral systems, and reverse systems. These categories are based on the direction of the search in the production system. Direct systems refer to systems that search forward in a single direction, while bilateral systems search in both forward and backward directions. Reverse systems, on the other hand, search backward from the goal state.

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76. Po Lajbnicovoj teoriji stupnjeva znanja, upotreba bitnog ili dovrsenog znanja mora omoguciti:

Pravljenje vestackog sistema sa inteligentnim svojstvima u najpotpunijem obliku

Pravljenje prirodnog sistema koji poseduje ogranicena inteligentna svojstva

Pravljenje univerzalnog sistema koji poseduje karakteristike viseg nivoa od nivoa primenjenog znanja

According to Leibniz's theory of degrees of knowledge, the use of essential or complete knowledge must enable the creation of an artificial system with intelligent properties in the most complete form. This means that by utilizing essential or complete knowledge, it is possible to develop an artificial system that possesses highly advanced intelligent characteristics.

Explanation

According to Leibniz's theory of degrees of knowledge, the use of essential or complete knowledge must enable the creation of an artificial system with intelligent properties in the most complete form. This means that by utilizing essential or complete knowledge, it is possible to develop an artificial system that possesses highly advanced intelligent characteristics.

77. U pocetku razvoja vestacke inteligencije preovladavao je stav da je:

U osnovi ljudske sposobnosti resavanja problema lezi mali broj opstih principa

Nemoguce dostici nivo ljudkse inteigencije, ali je moguce pribliziti se postavljenom idealu

Ljudska sposobnost resavanja problema je veoma kompleksna i sadrzi znacajan broj principa

The answer states that in the early development of artificial intelligence, it was believed that a small number of general principles underlie human problem-solving abilities. This suggests that the approach to artificial intelligence was focused on identifying and applying these general principles to replicate human intelligence.

Explanation

The answer states that in the early development of artificial intelligence, it was believed that a small number of general principles underlie human problem-solving abilities. This suggests that the approach to artificial intelligence was focused on identifying and applying these general principles to replicate human intelligence.

78. Autonomni agent ima sledece sposobnosti: *

Senzibilnost opste prirode

Hardversku implementaciju sa niskom potrosnjom

Pokretljivost u trodimenzionalnom prostoru

Adaptacija

Ucenje

The correct answer is "Adaptacija, Ucenje". This is because an autonomous agent refers to a system or device that can operate independently without human intervention. The abilities mentioned, such as adaptability and learning, are crucial for an autonomous agent to navigate and respond effectively to its environment. Adaptation allows the agent to adjust its behavior based on changing circumstances, while learning enables it to acquire new knowledge and improve its performance over time.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Adaptacija, Ucenje". This is because an autonomous agent refers to a system or device that can operate independently without human intervention. The abilities mentioned, such as adaptability and learning, are crucial for an autonomous agent to navigate and respond effectively to its environment. Adaptation allows the agent to adjust its behavior based on changing circumstances, while learning enables it to acquire new knowledge and improve its performance over time.

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79. Delo "Logisticka struktura sveta" 1928., napisao je:

Ludwig Wittgenstein

Bertrand Russell

Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap wrote the book "Logisticka struktura sveta" in 1928.

Explanation

Rudolf Carnap wrote the book "Logisticka struktura sveta" in 1928.

80. Produkcioni sistemi koji koriste O pravila produkcije zovu se:

Direktni sistemi

Dvostrani sistemi

Reverzni sistemi

Reverzni sistemi su produkcioni sistemi koji koriste O pravila produkcije.

Explanation

Reverzni sistemi su produkcioni sistemi koji koriste O pravila produkcije.

81. Sistemi koji poseduju i svojstvo monotonosti i parcijalne komutativnosti, zovu se:

Monotoni produkcioni sistemi

Parcijalno komutativni sistemi

Komutativni produkcioni sistemi

Komutativni produkcioni sistemi su sistemi koji ispoljavaju svojstvo komutativnosti, tj. redosled primene pravila ne utiče na konačni rezultat. Osim toga, ovi sistemi takođe poseduju svojstvo monotonosti, što znači da primena više pravila ne može dovesti do manje rezultata. Dakle, kombinacija ovih svojstava čini ove sisteme komutativnim produkcionim sistemima.

Explanation

Komutativni produkcioni sistemi su sistemi koji ispoljavaju svojstvo komutativnosti, tj. redosled primene pravila ne utiče na konačni rezultat. Osim toga, ovi sistemi takođe poseduju svojstvo monotonosti, što znači da primena više pravila ne može dovesti do manje rezultata. Dakle, kombinacija ovih svojstava čini ove sisteme komutativnim produkcionim sistemima.

82. Murov zakon predvidja da broj CPU kapija nikada nece dostici broj neurona u mozgu:

Tacno

Netacno

Delimicno tacno

The given statement is false. The Murov law predicts that the number of CPU gates will never reach the number of neurons in the brain. However, this is not true as the number of CPU gates has already surpassed the number of neurons in the human brain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Netacno" or "False".

Explanation

The given statement is false. The Murov law predicts that the number of CPU gates will never reach the number of neurons in the brain. However, this is not true as the number of CPU gates has already surpassed the number of neurons in the human brain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Netacno" or "False".

83. Racunarski agenti se razlikuju od obicnih racunarskih programa po tome sto poseduju: ***

Prosirivost na sve dostupne resurse

Opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja

Autonomno upravljanje

Intuitivne kompajlere koji ne razmatraju sintaksu

Sposobnost prilagodjavanja neogranicenim racunarskim resursima

Mogucnost adaptacije na promene

Racunarski agenti se razlikuju od obicnih racunarskih programa po tome sto poseduju opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja, autonomno upravljanje i mogucnost adaptacije na promene. Ovo znaci da racunarski agenti su sposobni da primete i shvate informacije iz okruzenja u kojem se nalaze, da samostalno donose odluke i upravljaju svojim aktivnostima, kao i da se prilagode promenama u okruzenju kako bi nastavili efikasno da obavljaju svoje zadatke.

Explanation

Racunarski agenti se razlikuju od obicnih racunarskih programa po tome sto poseduju opazanje i razumevanje okruzenja, autonomno upravljanje i mogucnost adaptacije na promene. Ovo znaci da racunarski agenti su sposobni da primete i shvate informacije iz okruzenja u kojem se nalaze, da samostalno donose odluke i upravljaju svojim aktivnostima, kao i da se prilagode promenama u okruzenju kako bi nastavili efikasno da obavljaju svoje zadatke.

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84. Koji procesi deluju u sistemima fizickih simbola:

kreacija, modifikacija, zamena, destrukcija

kreacija, permutacija, transpozicija

kreacija, modifikacija, permutacija, destrukcija

kreacija, modifikacija, reprodukcija, destrukcija

The processes that operate in physical symbol systems are creation, modification, reproduction, and destruction. These processes involve the creation of new symbols, the modification of existing symbols, the reproduction or copying of symbols, and the destruction or removal of symbols. These processes are fundamental to the functioning and evolution of physical symbol systems, allowing for the generation of new knowledge and the adaptation of the system to its environment.

Explanation

The processes that operate in physical symbol systems are creation, modification, reproduction, and destruction. These processes involve the creation of new symbols, the modification of existing symbols, the reproduction or copying of symbols, and the destruction or removal of symbols. These processes are fundamental to the functioning and evolution of physical symbol systems, allowing for the generation of new knowledge and the adaptation of the system to its environment.

85. Kod produkcionih sistema, strategija upravljanja odredjuje:

U koje komponente sistema ce se investirati u cilju dobijanja optimalnih rezultata

Koje od primenjivih pravila ce se aktivirati u odredjenom koraku rada

Kojim redosledom ce sistem vestacke inteligencije biti realizovan, odnosno, osposobljen za produkcionu upotrebu

The strategy of managing production systems determines which applicable rules will be activated at a specific step of work.

Explanation

The strategy of managing production systems determines which applicable rules will be activated at a specific step of work.

86. Sta racuna Funkcija agenta:

Akcije na osnovu reakcije

Inverzno preslikavanje od akcije ka istoriji percepcije

Akcije na osnovu istorije percepcije

The correct answer is "Akcije na osnovu reakcije." This means that the function of the agent is to take actions based on its reactions to the environment. It implies that the agent will respond to stimuli or events in the environment and make decisions on what actions to take. This suggests that the agent is reactive and its actions are determined by its immediate reactions to the environment.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Akcije na osnovu reakcije." This means that the function of the agent is to take actions based on its reactions to the environment. It implies that the agent will respond to stimuli or events in the environment and make decisions on what actions to take. This suggests that the agent is reactive and its actions are determined by its immediate reactions to the environment.

87. Oblasti operacionih istrazivanja je sastavni deo:

Matematike

Neuronauke

Ekonomije

Oblasti operacionih istrazivanja je sastavni deo ekonomije. Operaciona istrazivanja koriste matematicke metode i tehnike za resavanje problema i optimizaciju procesa u ekonomiji. Ova oblast se primenjuje za analizu i poboljsanje efikasnosti proizvodnje, upravljanje lancem snabdevanja, planiranje rasporeda resursa i mnoge druge ekonomske probleme.

Explanation

Oblasti operacionih istrazivanja je sastavni deo ekonomije. Operaciona istrazivanja koriste matematicke metode i tehnike za resavanje problema i optimizaciju procesa u ekonomiji. Ova oblast se primenjuje za analizu i poboljsanje efikasnosti proizvodnje, upravljanje lancem snabdevanja, planiranje rasporeda resursa i mnoge druge ekonomske probleme.

88. U Internet zargonu, rec "bot" oznacava:

web robot

bottom of knowledge

mechaical robot

www robot

The term "bot" in internet slang refers to both a web robot and a mechanical robot. A web robot, also known as a web crawler or spider, is a program that automatically navigates through websites to gather information. On the other hand, a mechanical robot refers to a physical machine that can perform tasks autonomously or under remote control. Both types of robots are commonly referred to as "bots" in internet jargon.

Explanation

The term "bot" in internet slang refers to both a web robot and a mechanical robot. A web robot, also known as a web crawler or spider, is a program that automatically navigates through websites to gather information. On the other hand, a mechanical robot refers to a physical machine that can perform tasks autonomously or under remote control. Both types of robots are commonly referred to as "bots" in internet jargon.

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89. Kognitivna nauka i kognitivna neuronauka danas su izvan domena VI:

Tacno

Netacno

The given statement is in Croatian and it translates to "Cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are outside the domain of VI today." The correct answer is "True." This means that cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are not within the scope or subject matter of VI (which could stand for various things, such as virtual intelligence or visual impairment) at present.

Explanation

The given statement is in Croatian and it translates to "Cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are outside the domain of VI today." The correct answer is "True." This means that cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience are not within the scope or subject matter of VI (which could stand for various things, such as virtual intelligence or visual impairment) at present.

90. Algoritam obucavanja viseslojnih neuronskih mreza koristi:

Princip propagacije greske unapred

Princip progresivne propagacije greske

Princip regresivne propagacije greske

Princip propagacije greske unazad

The correct answer is "Princip propagacije greske unazad" which translates to "Backpropagation principle" in English. Backpropagation is a widely used algorithm for training multilayer neural networks. It involves calculating the gradient of the error function with respect to the weights of the network and then updating the weights in the opposite direction of the gradient to minimize the error. This process is repeated iteratively until the network converges to a satisfactory solution. Backpropagation allows the network to learn from its mistakes and adjust its weights accordingly, making it a crucial component in training neural networks.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Princip propagacije greske unazad" which translates to "Backpropagation principle" in English. Backpropagation is a widely used algorithm for training multilayer neural networks. It involves calculating the gradient of the error function with respect to the weights of the network and then updating the weights in the opposite direction of the gradient to minimize the error. This process is repeated iteratively until the network converges to a satisfactory solution. Backpropagation allows the network to learn from its mistakes and adjust its weights accordingly, making it a crucial component in training neural networks.

91. Ako bismo poredjali po trenutnoj aktuelnosti, pojedine tehnike VI bi bile ovako rangirane: ****

Duboko ucenje, Planiranje u robotici, Fazi logika

SVM (Support Vector Machine), Duboko ucenje, Verovatnosno rezonovanje

Duboko ucenje, Verovatnosno rezonovanje, Ucenje stabala odlucivanja

Fazi logika, Propoziciona logika, Duboko ucenje

The given answer suggests that the correct ranking of the techniques in terms of current relevance is as follows: Deep learning, Robotic planning, Fuzzy logic. This implies that deep learning is considered the most relevant technique, followed by robotic planning and then fuzzy logic.

Explanation

The given answer suggests that the correct ranking of the techniques in terms of current relevance is as follows: Deep learning, Robotic planning, Fuzzy logic. This implies that deep learning is considered the most relevant technique, followed by robotic planning and then fuzzy logic.

92. Sistemi u kojima primena nekog pravila ne sprecava kasniju primenu nekog drugog pravila, koje je moglo biti primenjeno u momentu primene prvog pravila, zovu se:

Parcijalno komutativni produkcioni sistemi

Komutativni produkcioni sistemi

Monotoni produkcioni sistemi

Monotoni produkcioni sistemi refer to systems where the application of one rule does not prevent the subsequent application of another rule that could have been applied at the time of applying the first rule. This means that the order in which rules are applied does not affect the final outcome.

Explanation

Monotoni produkcioni sistemi refer to systems where the application of one rule does not prevent the subsequent application of another rule that could have been applied at the time of applying the first rule. This means that the order in which rules are applied does not affect the final outcome.

93. Formalna teorija za resavanje bilo kog problema u vestackoj inteligenciji:

Postoji

Ne postoji

Postoji samo za probleme zasnovane na ekspertskim sistemima

The given correct answer states that there is no formal theory for solving any problem in artificial intelligence. This implies that there is no universally applicable and comprehensive theory that can be used to address all AI problems. It suggests that AI problems are diverse and complex, and may require different approaches and techniques depending on the specific problem domain.

Explanation

The given correct answer states that there is no formal theory for solving any problem in artificial intelligence. This implies that there is no universally applicable and comprehensive theory that can be used to address all AI problems. It suggests that AI problems are diverse and complex, and may require different approaches and techniques depending on the specific problem domain.

94. U osnovi ljudske inteligencije je:

Konekcionizam

Logicko-simbolicko procesiranje

Pitanje nije reseno

not-available-via-ai

Explanation

not-available-via-ai

95. Pristup VI zasnovan na racionalnim agentima ima prednosti u odnosu na pristup zasnovan na "zakonima misljenja", jer je:

Ljudsko ponasanje i misljenje moguce precizno matematicki definisati

Racionalnost moguce precizno matematicki definisati

Opstiji od pristupa zasnovanog na "zakonima misljenja"

Uzi od pristupa zasnovanog na "zakonima misljenja"

The approach based on rational agents has advantages over the approach based on "laws of thought" because rationality can be precisely mathematically defined, and it is more general than the approach based on "laws of thought." This means that the rational agent approach allows for a more precise and comprehensive understanding of human behavior and thinking, as it takes into account mathematical definitions of rationality and goes beyond the limitations of traditional logical reasoning.

Explanation

The approach based on rational agents has advantages over the approach based on "laws of thought" because rationality can be precisely mathematically defined, and it is more general than the approach based on "laws of thought." This means that the rational agent approach allows for a more precise and comprehensive understanding of human behavior and thinking, as it takes into account mathematical definitions of rationality and goes beyond the limitations of traditional logical reasoning.

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96. Sistemi koji poseduju svojstvo invarijantnosti u odnosu na permutovanje sekvence pravila, zovu se:

Monotoni produkcioni sistemi

Parcijalno komutativni produkcioni sistemi

Komutativni produkcioni sistemi

Parcijalno komutativni produkcioni sistemi su sistemi koji zadržavaju svojstvo invarijantnosti u odnosu na permutovanje sekvence pravila, ali samo u određenim slučajevima. To znači da se redosled primene pravila može menjati samo u određenim situacijama, dok u ostalim slučajevima redosled mora biti fiksan. Ova vrsta sistema omogućava fleksibilnost u primeni pravila, ali ipak postoji ograničenje u pogledu permutacije.

Explanation

Parcijalno komutativni produkcioni sistemi su sistemi koji zadržavaju svojstvo invarijantnosti u odnosu na permutovanje sekvence pravila, ali samo u određenim slučajevima. To znači da se redosled primene pravila može menjati samo u određenim situacijama, dok u ostalim slučajevima redosled mora biti fiksan. Ova vrsta sistema omogućava fleksibilnost u primeni pravila, ali ipak postoji ograničenje u pogledu permutacije.

97. Ko je uveo pojam produkciong sistema:

Klod Senon

Emil Post

Fon Nojman

Nils Nilson

Alan Tjuring

Emil Post introduced the concept of production systems.

Explanation

Emil Post introduced the concept of production systems.

98. Kategorije mogucih nacina definisanja vestacke inteligencije su:

Sistemi koji misle kao masine

Sistemi koji rezonuju perceptivno

Sistemi koji razmisljaju racionalno

Sistemi koji milse kao ljudi

Sistemi koji lice na ljude

Sistemi koji deluju racionalno

Sistemi koji deluju razumno

Sistemi koji deluju kao ljudi

The correct answer includes four categories of defining artificial intelligence: systems that think rationally, systems that think like humans, systems that act rationally, and systems that act like humans. These categories cover different aspects of AI, including the ability to think and reason, as well as the ability to act in a rational or human-like manner.

Explanation

The correct answer includes four categories of defining artificial intelligence: systems that think rationally, systems that think like humans, systems that act rationally, and systems that act like humans. These categories cover different aspects of AI, including the ability to think and reason, as well as the ability to act in a rational or human-like manner.

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99. Po Lajbnicu, stunjevi saznanja su:

Claritis

Cognito confusa

Cognito distincta

Cognito intuitiva

Cognito cognitiva

Cognito perniciosus

Cognito nequam

The given answer lists different types of knowledge according to Leibniz. "Claritis" refers to clear and distinct knowledge, "Cognito confusa" refers to confused knowledge, "Cognito distincta" refers to distinct knowledge, and "Cognito intuitiva" refers to intuitive knowledge. These terms describe different levels or qualities of knowledge according to Leibniz's philosophy.

Explanation

The given answer lists different types of knowledge according to Leibniz. "Claritis" refers to clear and distinct knowledge, "Cognito confusa" refers to confused knowledge, "Cognito distincta" refers to distinct knowledge, and "Cognito intuitiva" refers to intuitive knowledge. These terms describe different levels or qualities of knowledge according to Leibniz's philosophy.

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100. Produkcioni sistemi podrazumevaju sledece komponente:

Globalna baza podataka

Skup pravila produkcije

Strategija upravljanja

Matematicke argumente

Dovrseno znanje

The correct answer includes the components of production systems. These components are the global database, set of production rules, and management strategy. These components are essential for the functioning of production systems as they provide the necessary data, rules, and strategies for efficient production processes. The inclusion of mathematical arguments and complete knowledge further enhances the effectiveness of production systems.

Explanation

The correct answer includes the components of production systems. These components are the global database, set of production rules, and management strategy. These components are essential for the functioning of production systems as they provide the necessary data, rules, and strategies for efficient production processes. The inclusion of mathematical arguments and complete knowledge further enhances the effectiveness of production systems.

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101. U razlike izmedju produkcionih sistema i klasicnih programskih sistema sa hijerarhijskom strukturom spadaju:

Veza izmedju pravila se ostvaruje samo preko globalne baze podataka

Produkcioni sistemi nude daleko vece performanse

Globalna baza podataka je dostupna svim pravilima produkcije

Klasicni programski sistemi sa hijerarhijskom strukturom koriste SSL algoritam

Sistem je u najvecoj meri modularan te se izmene u globalnoj bazi podataka mogu vrsiti gotovo nezavisno

The correct answer is that the connection between rules is established only through the global database, the global database is accessible to all production rules, and the system is highly modular, allowing changes in the global database to be made almost independently. This suggests that in production systems, rules are not directly connected to each other, but rather rely on the global database for communication. Additionally, the global database is accessible to all production rules, indicating that it serves as a central repository of information. The high modularity of the system allows for independent modifications to be made in the global database, further emphasizing its importance in the production system.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the connection between rules is established only through the global database, the global database is accessible to all production rules, and the system is highly modular, allowing changes in the global database to be made almost independently. This suggests that in production systems, rules are not directly connected to each other, but rather rely on the global database for communication. Additionally, the global database is accessible to all production rules, indicating that it serves as a central repository of information. The high modularity of the system allows for independent modifications to be made in the global database, further emphasizing its importance in the production system.

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102. Za svaki izracunljic akdiomatski sistem koji je dovoljno snazan da opise aritmetiku prirodnih brojeva vazi:

Konzistentnost aksiome ne moze biti dokazana unutar sistema

Sistem aksioma je dokazivo konzistentan (neprotivrecan)

Sva matematika proizilazi iz ispravno odabranog konacnog sistema aksioma

Ako je sistem konzistentan, on moze biti potpun

The given answer states two statements about the consistency of axioms in a computationally diplomatic system that describes the arithmetic of natural numbers. The first statement is that the consistency of an axiom cannot be proven within the system itself. This means that the system cannot prove that its axioms are free from contradiction. The second statement is that if the system is consistent, then it can be complete. This means that the system can prove or disprove any statement within its domain.

Explanation

The given answer states two statements about the consistency of axioms in a computationally diplomatic system that describes the arithmetic of natural numbers. The first statement is that the consistency of an axiom cannot be proven within the system itself. This means that the system cannot prove that its axioms are free from contradiction. The second statement is that if the system is consistent, then it can be complete. This means that the system can prove or disprove any statement within its domain.

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103. Ekspertski sistemi su:

Sistemi koji su pod nadzorom eksperata iz posmatranih oblasti

Sistemi koji su nastali na osnovu specijalizovanih ekspertskih analiza

Sistemi zasnovani na eksplicitno kodovanom znanju

Ekspertski sistemi su sistemi koji se zasnivaju na eksplicitno kodovanom znanju. To znači da se znanje stručnjaka iz određene oblasti prenosi u sisteme putem programskog koda ili baza podataka. Ovi sistemi koriste ovo znanje kako bi donosili odluke ili davali preporuke u skladu sa postavljenim pravilima i logikom. Stručno znanje se prenosi na sistem kako bi se omogućilo automatizovano donošenje odluka ili rešavanje problema koji zahtevaju stručnost.

Explanation

Ekspertski sistemi su sistemi koji se zasnivaju na eksplicitno kodovanom znanju. To znači da se znanje stručnjaka iz određene oblasti prenosi u sisteme putem programskog koda ili baza podataka. Ovi sistemi koriste ovo znanje kako bi donosili odluke ili davali preporuke u skladu sa postavljenim pravilima i logikom. Stručno znanje se prenosi na sistem kako bi se omogućilo automatizovano donošenje odluka ili rešavanje problema koji zahtevaju stručnost.

104. Kod osnovnih kriterijuma za inteligentno ponasanje sistema najcesce se uzimaju:

Rezonovanje

Ponasanje

Percepcija

Neuronske mreze

The basic criteria for intelligent behavior in a system often include reasoning and behavior. Reasoning refers to the ability to think logically and make decisions based on available information, while behavior refers to the actions and responses exhibited by the system. These two criteria are essential for a system to demonstrate intelligent behavior as they involve the ability to process information, analyze it, and act accordingly.

Explanation

The basic criteria for intelligent behavior in a system often include reasoning and behavior. Reasoning refers to the ability to think logically and make decisions based on available information, while behavior refers to the actions and responses exhibited by the system. These two criteria are essential for a system to demonstrate intelligent behavior as they involve the ability to process information, analyze it, and act accordingly.

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105. Obavezne komponente inteligentnih agenata su:

aktuatori

senzori

okruzenje

prijemnici

transimiteri

simulacija

The necessary components of intelligent agents are actuators, sensors, and the environment. Actuators are responsible for carrying out actions based on the agent's decisions. Sensors gather information from the environment, which is then used by the agent to make decisions. The environment is the external context in which the agent operates. Prijemnici, transimiteri, and simulacija are not mentioned as obligatory components in the question, hence they are not included in the answer.

Explanation

The necessary components of intelligent agents are actuators, sensors, and the environment. Actuators are responsible for carrying out actions based on the agent's decisions. Sensors gather information from the environment, which is then used by the agent to make decisions. The environment is the external context in which the agent operates. Prijemnici, transimiteri, and simulacija are not mentioned as obligatory components in the question, hence they are not included in the answer.

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106. U kojoj su meri sledeci sistemi primeri sistema vestacke inteligencije: ***

Pretrazivaci veba

Skeneri bez kodova

Telefonski meniji koji se aktiviraju glasom

Algoritmi rutiranja u racunarskim mrezama koji uzimaju u obzir stanje mreze

The given systems, scanners without codes and voice-activated phone menus, are examples of artificial intelligence systems because they use advanced technology to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Scanners without codes use computer vision and machine learning algorithms to recognize and interpret images without the need for barcodes or QR codes. Voice-activated phone menus utilize natural language processing and speech recognition to understand and respond to spoken commands. These systems demonstrate the ability to learn, adapt, and perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence, making them examples of artificial intelligence.

Explanation

The given systems, scanners without codes and voice-activated phone menus, are examples of artificial intelligence systems because they use advanced technology to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Scanners without codes use computer vision and machine learning algorithms to recognize and interpret images without the need for barcodes or QR codes. Voice-activated phone menus utilize natural language processing and speech recognition to understand and respond to spoken commands. These systems demonstrate the ability to learn, adapt, and perform tasks that traditionally require human intelligence, making them examples of artificial intelligence.

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107. Tomas Bajes je predlozio formulu koja opisuje nacin promene zadatih verovatnoca bez obzira na nove opservacije:

Netacno

Tacno

Delimicno tacno

The given correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. This suggests that Tomas Bajes did not propose a formula that describes the way the given probabilities change regardless of new observations.

Explanation

The given correct answer is "Netacno" which means "False" in English. This suggests that Tomas Bajes did not propose a formula that describes the way the given probabilities change regardless of new observations.

108. Ako se uspostavi veza izmedju produkcionog sistema i ljudskog nacina resavanja problema, razresenju konflitnog skupa odgovara:

Kratkotrajna - radna memorija

Dugotrajna memorija

Rezonovanje

When a connection is established between the production system and human problem-solving, the resolution of a conflicting set corresponds to reasoning.

Explanation

When a connection is established between the production system and human problem-solving, the resolution of a conflicting set corresponds to reasoning.

109. Da bi prosao Tjuringov test, racunar mora da poseduje svojstva:

Obrada prirodnih jezika (NLP)

Reprezentacija znanja

Samoposmatranje

Neogranicena kolicina radne memorije

Viseprocesorska obrada

The correct answer is a combination of three properties that a computer must possess to pass the Turing test: natural language processing (NLP), knowledge representation, and self-awareness. NLP allows the computer to understand and process human language, while knowledge representation enables it to store and utilize information. Self-awareness refers to the computer's ability to recognize and understand its own existence and actions. These three properties are crucial for a computer to successfully imitate human intelligence and pass the Turing test.

Explanation

The correct answer is a combination of three properties that a computer must possess to pass the Turing test: natural language processing (NLP), knowledge representation, and self-awareness. NLP allows the computer to understand and process human language, while knowledge representation enables it to store and utilize information. Self-awareness refers to the computer's ability to recognize and understand its own existence and actions. These three properties are crucial for a computer to successfully imitate human intelligence and pass the Turing test.

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110. U Tjuringove argumente spadaju:

Argument svesti

Argument logicnosti

Matematicki argument

Argument ireverzibilnosti

Argument neformalnosti

Argument nesposobnosti

The correct answer includes four types of arguments: argument svesti (argument of consciousness), matematicki argument (mathematical argument), argument neformalnosti (argument of informality), and argument nesposobnosti (argument of inability). These types of arguments are commonly used in various fields of study and reasoning processes.

Explanation

The correct answer includes four types of arguments: argument svesti (argument of consciousness), matematicki argument (mathematical argument), argument neformalnosti (argument of informality), and argument nesposobnosti (argument of inability). These types of arguments are commonly used in various fields of study and reasoning processes.

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111. Vestacka inteligencija se primenjuje prilikom resavanja sledecih problema:

Struktuiranih

Nestruktuiranih

Formalizovanih

Perceptivnih

Artificial intelligence is applied in solving unstructured and perceptual problems. Unstructured problems refer to those that do not have a clear framework or set of rules, requiring AI to analyze and interpret information in a flexible and adaptable way. Perceptual problems involve tasks that require AI to understand and interpret sensory information, such as visual or auditory data. Therefore, AI is used in solving these types of problems to provide intelligent and automated solutions.

Explanation

Artificial intelligence is applied in solving unstructured and perceptual problems. Unstructured problems refer to those that do not have a clear framework or set of rules, requiring AI to analyze and interpret information in a flexible and adaptable way. Perceptual problems involve tasks that require AI to understand and interpret sensory information, such as visual or auditory data. Therefore, AI is used in solving these types of problems to provide intelligent and automated solutions.

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112. Da bi prosao Tjuringov test, sistem mora da poseduje svojstva:

Samospoznaja

Automatska percepcija

Reprezentacija znanja

Vizuelizacija racunarskih resursa

Masinsko ucenje

Obrada prirodnog jezika

Automatsko rezonovanje

To pass the Turing test, a system must possess the properties of knowledge representation, machine learning, natural language processing, and automatic reasoning. These properties allow the system to effectively understand and process information, learn from it, communicate in natural language, and make logical deductions or inferences. These capabilities are essential for a system to convincingly mimic human intelligence and pass the Turing test.

Explanation

To pass the Turing test, a system must possess the properties of knowledge representation, machine learning, natural language processing, and automatic reasoning. These properties allow the system to effectively understand and process information, learn from it, communicate in natural language, and make logical deductions or inferences. These capabilities are essential for a system to convincingly mimic human intelligence and pass the Turing test.

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