Microeconomie

Salvati copii Romania is a non-profit organization that does not aim to generate profit through its activities. It is focused on providing assistance and support to children in need. Unlike Nestle, Fan curier, and Carrefour, which are profit-oriented institutions, Salvati copii Romania operates with the goal of helping children rather than making money.

The given answer, Kaufland, is most likely the correct choice because it is a well-known retail chain that operates in Romania. Kaufland is known for its large supermarkets that offer a wide range of products, making it a popular choice for many consumers. Additionally, Kaufland is often found in commercial areas and is known for its competitive prices and convenience. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that Kaufland would have an entrepreneur or business owner associated with it.

Piata este un proces prin care bunurile, serviciile și resursele sunt schimbate între vânzători și cumpărători. Este un loc de întâlnire unde se desfășoară tranzacții comerciale, iar prețurile și cantitățile sunt stabilite prin interacțiunea dintre cerere și ofertă. De asemenea, piața poate fi văzută ca un mecanism prin care se stabilesc prețurile și se reglementează activitatea economică.

The correct answer is "venit marginal". "Venit marginal" refers to the additional income generated from selling one additional unit of a product. It helps businesses determine the profitability of producing and selling additional units. This measure is important for decision-making processes such as pricing strategies and production levels.

The correct answer is "Economic, diferenta, venit total, cost total ( implicit+ explicit)". This answer is correct because in economics, profit is defined as the difference between total revenue and total cost. Total revenue represents the sum of all income generated from sales, and total cost includes both explicit costs (such as wages, rent, and materials) and implicit costs (such as opportunity costs and depreciation). Therefore, the answer choice "Economic, diferenta, venit total, cost total ( implicit+ explicit)" accurately describes the calculation of profit in economic terms.

The authorities' intentions to lower the rent for students will fail because at the new rental level, the quantity of apartments demanded will increase, while the supply remains relatively fixed. This means that there will be a shortage of apartments, and landlords will have the power to choose tenants based on criteria other than just the price. Therefore, students will not have an easy time finding an apartment at the reduced rent, and the problem of rationing apartments will still exist.

The threat of a natural disaster can lead to a shift in the demand curve for motor fuel to the right. This means that the demand for motor fuel increases due to the potential need for transportation during and after the disaster. People may need to evacuate or use more fuel for emergency services. As a result, the quantity demanded at any given price increases, causing the demand curve to shift to the right. This does not necessarily mean that the quality of the motor fuel increases or that the overall situation in the fuel market is unaffected.

The correct answer is "se calculeaza ca diferenta intre venitul total si costul total." This means that net income is calculated by subtracting the total cost from the total revenue. This calculation helps determine the profitability of an activity or business by comparing the revenue generated to the expenses incurred.

The correct answer is (13, 6) because it represents the combination of quantity demanded and quantity supplied that ensures market equilibrium. In this case, the quantity demanded (Xd) is given by Xc = 25 - 2Px, where Px is the price. The quantity supplied (Xs) is given by Xo = 7 + Px. To find the equilibrium, we set Xd equal to Xs and solve for Px. Plugging in the values from the answer choices, only (13, 6) satisfies this condition, indicating that at a price of 6, the quantity demanded and supplied will both be 13.

Arbitrajul, ca forma a activitatii antreprenoriale, presupune sa cumperi un bun la un pret mai mic si sa il vinzi pe o alta piata la un pret mai mare. Aceasta strategie permite obtinerea unui profit prin exploatarea discrepantelor de pret intre piete sau intre momente diferite de timp. Prin urmare, raspunsul corect este "Sa cumperi ieftin si sa vinzi, pe o alta piata, mai scump".

The correct answer is "Difera in functie de tipurile de afaceri" (It varies depending on the types of businesses). This means that the percentage of markups utilized by sellers can vary depending on the different types of businesses. Different industries and sectors may have different pricing strategies and profit margins, leading to variations in the markups used by sellers.

The answer of 1.000.000 lei is correct because the calculation of profit can be done by subtracting the total production costs from the total revenue. In this case, the total revenue can be calculated by multiplying the total weight of grapes (2000 tons) by the price per kilogram (2 lei/kg), which equals 4.000.000 lei. The total production costs are given as 4.600.000 lei. Therefore, the profit is 4.000.000 lei - 4.600.000 lei = -600.000 lei. However, since the state provides a subsidy of 80 bani per kg, which is equivalent to 0.8 lei per kg, the profit can be adjusted by subtracting the subsidy amount from the total production costs. Therefore, the final profit is -600.000 lei + 0.8 lei/kg * 2000 tons = 1.000.000 lei.

The correct answer is "Bunuri utilizate in scopul obtinerii unor bunuri viitoare." This answer refers to capital as goods that are used to produce other goods in the future. It implies that capital is not only money or physical assets, but also includes resources and investments that are used to generate future income or produce goods and services.

The proprietor of the bakery sold 40,000 loaves of bread at a unit price of 1.5 lei, resulting in a total revenue of 60,000 lei. The question states that the profit rate calculated based on the sales was 30%. Therefore, the profit obtained by the owner can be calculated as 30% of the total revenue, which is 0.3 * 60,000 = 18,000 lei.

The given answer of 11 lei is correct because the statement says that you will buy two hair dyes instead of one only if the second dye is worth at least 49 lei to you. Since the second dye is being sold for 30 lei in the special offer, which is less than the 49 lei threshold, it means that you will not buy two dyes. Therefore, the price of the second dye must be less than 30 lei, and the only option that meets this criteria is 11 lei.

The correct answer is "Costuri de tranzactie". This is because the given statement mentions expenses related to informing economic agents, intermediating and negotiating contracts, and carrying out buying and selling operations. These activities involve transaction costs, which refer to the expenses incurred during the process of conducting business transactions. Therefore, "Costuri de tranzactie" is the most appropriate term to describe these specific expenses.

If the equilibrium salary is 550 lei and the state imposes a minimum wage of 600 lei, there will be an excess supply of labor. This means that there will be more workers willing to work at the minimum wage than there are job opportunities available at that wage. This can lead to unemployment and a surplus of labor in the market.

Maximizing net income involves setting a selling price at which marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost. This means that the additional revenue generated from selling one more unit should be higher than the additional cost incurred in producing that unit. By setting the selling price in this way, a company can ensure that it is maximizing its profitability and not incurring losses.

The statement suggests that maximizing net income occurs when marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. This means that the additional revenue generated from selling one more unit is equal to the additional cost incurred in producing that unit. This is considered the optimal point because any further increase in production would result in higher costs than the revenue generated, leading to a decrease in net income.

Maria will sell the cozonacs at a price of 25 lei each. This is because the question states that Maria needs to make a total of 500 lei for her vacation. She has already spent 600 lei on ingredients, so she needs to make up for this deficit. Since she estimates that she will make 40 cozonacs, each cozonac needs to be sold for 25 lei in order for her to reach her goal of 500 lei.

The correct answer is "Dezirabilitate si disponibilitate" because insuficienta refers to the scarcity or lack of availability of desirable goods or resources. In this context, dezirabilitate refers to the desirability or attractiveness of goods, while disponibilitate refers to their availability. Therefore, the relationship between dezirabilitate and disponibilitate is what insuficienta represents.

The correct answer is "Numar mare, oligopol, existe". In a competitive market, there is a large number of consumers and producers, which creates a situation where there is a limited number of firms (oligopoly) and they have some control over the market (existence). This answer accurately describes the conditions imposed by the emergence of a competitive market.

The given correct answer states that a cartel prevents the entry of new firms into the market. This means that cartels engage in anti-competitive practices by limiting competition and maintaining their market dominance. By preventing new firms from entering the market, cartels can control prices and reduce competition, which can have negative effects on consumers. This explanation aligns with the understanding that cartels aim to protect their own interests rather than those of consumers.

The correct answer states that the prohibition of drug consumption affects the elasticity of drug supply, as the production and commercialization of drugs are accompanied by increased costs, resulting in higher drug prices. This means that the supply of drugs becomes less responsive to changes in demand, leading to a higher price for drugs.

The correct answer is "Ajuta la coordonarea in timp a pietelor" (Helps in coordinating markets over time). This answer suggests that speculators play a role in facilitating the smooth functioning of markets by helping to coordinate the supply and demand of goods and services over time. Speculators can provide liquidity to the market, absorb excess supply or demand, and help stabilize prices. Their activities can contribute to market efficiency and ensure that prices reflect the true value of goods and services.

The correct answer is "Mai mare decat cea de echilibru" because when prices are capped at a maximum, it creates an artificial shortage in the market. This means that the quantity demanded by consumers will be greater than the quantity supplied by sellers at the capped price. Therefore, the quantity purchased under these conditions will be greater than the equilibrium quantity where supply and demand are in balance.

The correct answer is "numar mare; oligopol; existe". When the competitive market emerges, it requires the presence of a large number of consumers and producers, which leads to the existence of an oligopoly position within it.

The correct answer states that in a well-governed society with a market economy, the role of the government is to monitor and enforce private property rights and contracts. This means that the government plays a crucial role in ensuring that individuals and businesses are able to exercise their rights to own and transfer property, as well as enter into legally binding agreements. By doing so, the government helps to create a stable and predictable business environment, which is essential for economic growth and development.

The fundamental condition for maximizing net income, according to economic thinking, is to set prices that allow for the sale of those units and only those units for which the anticipated marginal revenue is greater than or equal to the marginal cost. This means that the price should be set in such a way that the additional revenue generated from selling one more unit is equal to or greater than the additional cost incurred in producing that unit. By doing so, the firm can ensure that it is maximizing its net income.

The correct answer suggests that the leaders of the company are seeking their own comfort by staying under the protective umbrella of the government, which protects the company from other competitors in the market. This implies that they are more focused on their own interests and maintaining their position of advantage, rather than ensuring fairness, transparency, and a healthy competitive market for the benefit of consumers.

The correct answer states that "It is a current trend in the case of the free market of any good or service." This means that the rental of a market is a common occurrence in a free market economy for any type of good or service. This suggests that renting a market is a regular practice and not limited to a specific economic period or based on administrative decisions made by government authorities.

The company sells 1000 bicycles at a price of 250 u.m., resulting in a total revenue of 250,000 u.m. The total costs for the company are 150,000 u.m. To calculate the profit rate based on the revenue, we divide the profit (total revenue minus total costs) by the revenue and multiply by 100. In this case, the profit is 250,000 u.m. - 150,000 u.m. = 100,000 u.m. Dividing 100,000 u.m. by 250,000 u.m. and multiplying by 100 gives us a profit rate of 40%.

The marginal revenue equals the marginal cost for a price of 560 euros.

The producer should only sell 3 helicopters in order to maximize their net income. This is because the total profit is maximized when 4 units are sold, as stated in the question. Additionally, the marginal revenue for the third helicopter sold is 12 million Euros, which is higher than the marginal cost of 8 million Euros. Therefore, selling an additional helicopter would result in a decrease in net income. The total revenue for selling 3 helicopters is 67 million Euros, which is the highest among the given options.

The existence of maximum price ceilings leads to an increase in consumption due to the lower price of the respective product. When the government imposes a maximum price that is below the market equilibrium price, it creates an artificial shortage of the product. This shortage leads to increased demand as consumers try to purchase the product at the lower price. As a result, consumption increases as more consumers are able to afford and purchase the product at the lower price.

The correct answer is "controlul preturilor" which translates to "price control" in English. The given statement suggests that the market, through its mechanisms, ensures price control. This implies that the market regulates and influences the prices of goods and services, potentially preventing extreme price fluctuations and promoting stability in the economy.

The correct answer is "un nivel al pretului superior celui de echilibru" (a price level higher than the equilibrium price). This is because the question is asking for the minimum price threshold, which implies that it should be higher than the equilibrium price. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied, and any price below this level would result in a shortage. Therefore, the minimum price threshold should be higher than the equilibrium price to avoid a shortage in the market.

The correct answer is "Minim, ofertantilor, maxim, consumatorii". In the given text, it is stated that "Pragul de pre teste pretul" (the price test threshold) is set by law to support the "ofertantii" (suppliers). This implies that the threshold is set at a minimum level to benefit the suppliers. On the other hand, "plafonul de pret" (price ceiling) is stated to be set at a maximum level to favor the "consumatorii" (consumers). Therefore, the correct answer is the one that matches these statements.

To successfully differentiate the price, it is necessary to differentiate the buyers based on different elasticities of demand. This means that the price can be adjusted based on the willingness and ability of different buyers to pay for a product or service. By understanding the different elasticities of demand among buyers, a company can tailor its pricing strategy to maximize profits and meet the specific needs and preferences of different customer segments. This approach allows for targeted pricing and can help a company gain a competitive advantage in the market.

A decrease in the price of spruce (from which the guitar is made) in the changing conditions of the acoustic guitar market would result in a rightward shift of the supply curve. This means that more guitars can be supplied at each price, leading to an increase in the quantity of guitars supplied in the market.

If consumers convince authorities to set a maximum price of $2.5 per kilogram of coffee, it means that the price is lower than the equilibrium price of $3 per kilogram. This lower price will discourage coffee producers from supplying as much coffee because they will not be able to cover their costs and make a profit. As a result, the scarcity of coffee will increase, leading to a decrease in its availability or rarity. Therefore, the correct answer is "Se va diminua raritatea cafelei" which translates to "The rarity of coffee will decrease."

In the absence of uncertainty, all opportunities related to obtaining profits would be fully explained. This means that there would be complete knowledge and understanding of all potential avenues for making profit, leaving no room for ambiguity or unknown factors. In such a scenario, individuals would have a clear understanding of how to maximize their profits and make informed decisions based on comprehensive information.