ISTQB Advanced Test Analyst Black Box Techniques

1. A discount system applies 10% for orders $100–$499 and 20% for orders ≥$500. Test cases should include which amounts?

$99, $100, $499, $500

$100, $300, $500, $600

$50, $100, $500

$0, $100, $499, $500, $1000

2. Orthogonal arrays reduce test cases by testing which aspect efficiently?

Critical paths only

Parameter interactions with minimal cases

Boundary values systematically

State transitions comprehensively

3. In decision table testing, which term describes a condition that affects the outcome?

Action

Rule

Condition

Effect

4. State transition diagrams help identify which type of defects?

Logic errors in calculations

Invalid state transitions or missing transitions

Performance bottlenecks

Security vulnerabilities

5. An input field accepts 1–100 characters. Invalid equivalence partitions include:

0 characters, 50 characters, 100 characters

0 characters, 101+ characters

1 character, 100 characters

Empty, valid, oversized

6. Which black box technique best tests system behavior across multiple user scenarios?

Boundary value analysis

Use case-based testing

State transition testing

Equivalence partitioning

7. A system's decision table has 4 conditions and 8 rules. Is this table complete?

Yes; all combinations are covered

No; maximum rules should be 16

Cannot determine without seeing rules

No; minimum rules should be 12

8. In pairwise testing, which aspect is prioritized?

Testing all possible combinations

Testing each pair of parameter values

Testing valid combinations only

Testing boundary conditions

9. When should boundary value analysis be applied in addition to equivalence partitioning?

Never; they are redundant

Always; they are complementary

Only for numerical inputs

Only when time permits

10. What is a key limitation of black box testing?

Requires access to source code

Cannot detect logic errors in untested paths

Too time-consuming for large systems

Only works for web applications

11. Which black box technique divides input domain into subsets where the system behaves similarly?

Boundary Value Analysis

Equivalence Partitioning

Decision Table Testing

State Transition Testing

12. In equivalence partitioning, invalid partitions should be tested with how many test case(s)?

At least one per partition

All values in the partition

Random selection from partition

None; invalid partitions are ignored

13. Which technique combines multiple black box methods for comprehensive test coverage?

Combinatorial testing

Orthogonal array testing

Pairwise testing

All of the above

14. Use case-based testing derives test cases from which artifact?

Code structure

State diagrams

Use case descriptions

Database schema

15. A login system has states: Logged Out, Logged In, and Locked. Which represents a valid transition?

Logged Out → Locked

Logged In → Logged Out

Locked → Logged In

Logged Out → Logged Out

16. State transition testing is most useful when testing which type of system?

Stateless web applications

Systems with defined states and transitions

Real-time data processing systems

Batch processing systems

17. In a decision table with 3 conditions, each having 2 states, how many test cases could exist?

6

8

12

16

18. What is the primary purpose of decision table testing?

Test all combinations of inputs and conditions

Identify state transitions in the system

Verify system behavior under boundary conditions

Analyze user workflows

19. A system accepts ages 18–65. Using boundary value analysis, which age should be tested?

30, 45, 60

17, 18, 65, 66

18, 42, 65

0, 18, 65, 100

20. In boundary value analysis, why are values at partition edges tested?

They are most likely to reveal defects

They reduce test case count

They simplify test documentation

They guarantee full coverage

ISTQB Advanced Test Analyst Black Box Techniques Quiz