How Much You Know About Maritime Disputes?

Explanation
The correct answer is 1982. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) is an international treaty that was adopted in 1982. It is a comprehensive framework for the governance of the world's oceans and establishes rules and regulations for the use and conservation of marine resources. UNCLOS has been ratified by a large number of countries and is considered the primary legal instrument for determining maritime rights and responsibilities among nations.

Explanation
Under UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea), the first twelve miles of water off a country's coast is generally called the territorial sea. This refers to the area of water that is considered to be part of a country's sovereign territory. Within the territorial sea, a country has certain rights and jurisdiction, including the control over navigation, fishing, and exploration of natural resources.

Explanation
Russia does not have a maritime dispute in the South China Sea. While China, Indonesia, and Vietnam all have ongoing territorial disputes in the region, Russia does not have any overlapping claims or conflicts in the South China Sea. Therefore, it can be concluded that Russia is the country that does not have a maritime dispute in the South China Sea.

Explanation
The Kuril Islands dispute is a territorial dispute between Russia and Japan. The dispute revolves around the sovereignty of the Kuril Islands, a chain of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. Both countries claim ownership of the islands, which has led to tensions and diplomatic negotiations between Russia and Japan for many years. The dispute remains unresolved, with Russia currently in control of the islands.

Explanation
The correct answer is "nine-dash line". The nine-dash line is a demarcation line used by China to signify its territorial claims over a large area of the South China Sea. It is a controversial issue as it overlaps with the claims of other neighboring countries in the region. The line has been a source of tension and disputes in the South China Sea, as it infringes upon the rights and territories of other nations.

Explanation
The Strait of Hormuz is the world's leading transit point for oil because it is strategically located between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, making it a crucial route for oil tankers transporting oil from the Middle East to global markets. It is estimated that around 20% of the world's oil supply passes through this strait, making it a vital chokepoint for global energy security.

Explanation
The Strait of Malacca is the correct answer because it is the narrowest strait that connects the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and it is an important shipping route for international trade. The strait is approximately 805 kilometers long and is known for its high traffic and piracy risks.

Explanation
The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands are disputed between China and Japan. This dispute has been ongoing for many years, with both countries claiming sovereignty over the islands. The islands are strategically important as they are located in the East China Sea, which is rich in natural resources and is a major shipping route. The tensions between China and Japan over the islands have led to diplomatic conflicts and occasional military standoffs. Both countries have conducted patrols and exercises in the area, asserting their claims and trying to gain control over the islands.

Explanation
The Okinawa Reversion Agreement was signed in 1971 between the United States and Japan. It stated that the United States would transfer administrative control of the Ryukyu Islands, including the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands, back to Japan. This means that the correct answer is true, as the agreement resulted in the transfer of administrative control of the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands from the United States to Japan.

Explanation
The correct answer is India and Pakistan. The Sir Creek dispute is a territorial dispute between India and Pakistan over a 96-kilometer strip of water in the Arabian Sea. The dispute arose due to conflicting interpretations of the maritime boundary between the two countries. Both India and Pakistan claim ownership of the Sir Creek area, which is believed to have potential oil and gas reserves. The dispute has been ongoing for decades and has been a source of tension between the two countries.