Explain Tatum Psychology Terms Quiz

Culture refers to the beliefs, behaviors, practices, and artifacts of a particular group of people. It encompasses the way of life of a society at a specific time.

The correct answer refers to how individuals have a specific position within the structure of social groups they are part of. Each incorrect answer provides alternative pairs of words that do not accurately reflect the relationship between individuals and social groups.

In sociology, an ascribed role is a social status that an individual is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. The oldest child or firstborn is an example of an ascribed role as they are designated as the eldest sibling based on birth order.

Zimbardo believed that the behavior exhibited by the participants in the simulated prison study demonstrated the significant impact that assigned roles can have on individuals, overshadowing their personal values and beliefs.

Group cohesiveness refers to the degree to which members of a group are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group. It is a critical factor in the power dynamics within a group.

In-groups are the groups with which a person primarily identifies, leading to a higher level of group cohesiveness. Out-groups are the opposite of in-groups, reference groups are used for comparison but may not lead to strong identification, and social groups are broader categories that may not have the same level of identification as in-groups.

In studies on the relationship between touch and status, it has been found that when a person of higher status touches one of lower status, the contact is more likely to be perceived as 'personal' or familiar due to the power dynamics at play in such interactions.

The autokinetic effect is a phenomenon where a stationary point of light in a dark environment appears to move. The experiment on this effect demonstrates how social influence can impact individuals' perceptions of motion in these conditions.

The correct answer is 'social norms' because it refers to the unwritten rules that guide behavior in a particular group or society. In this case, the misperception about campus drinking is influenced by the social norms surrounding alcohol consumption.

Social cognition refers to the processes involved in perception, interpretation, and judgment of social information. Attribution specifically refers to the process of explaining why events or behaviors occur.

In psychology, external causes refer to factors outside the individual influencing behavior, while internal causes are factors within the individual affecting behavior.

Internal causes refer to personal attributes or qualities that contribute to academic success. 'I'm smart' reflects an internal attribution, whereas the other incorrect answers focus on external factors or luck.

Consensus refers to a general agreement among a group of people, implying that their behavior is influenced by external factors rather than individual choices. Consistency, conformity, and coincidence do not accurately capture the idea of shared behavior driven by external causes.