Roman Art And Architecture Vi

1. Who is associated with the party of Optimates, which advocated for smaller government held by fewer people?

C. 80 BCOptimates -> a party for smaller government held by fewer people (sulla)Populares -> a party for the mass of the people (Caesar)

Caesar

Pompey

Cicero

Sulla was a Roman general and statesman who aligned himself with the Optimates, a political party in ancient Rome that supported the interests of the aristocracy and conservative elements. While Caesar, Pompey, and Cicero were influential figures in Roman history, they were not specifically associated with the Optimates party.

Explanation

Sulla was a Roman general and statesman who aligned himself with the Optimates, a political party in ancient Rome that supported the interests of the aristocracy and conservative elements. While Caesar, Pompey, and Cicero were influential figures in Roman history, they were not specifically associated with the Optimates party.

2. What is the history of Pompeii?

Samnite town conquered by Sulla in 88BC Earthquak in 62 BCEruption of Vesuvius: 24 August 79 CE; under ash; 1748 discoveredNot a perfect grid-> not a standard Roman town-> rich townRebuilt after 62 BC to emulate Roman style

Pompeii was a Roman town that existed in the 5th century AD.

Pompeii was a Greek colony that fell to the Roman Empire in 146 BC.

Pompeii was founded by Julius Caesar in 44 BC.

Pompeii was originally a Samnite town that was later conquered and rebuilt in a Roman style. It was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 79 CE, not an earthquake or conquest in other time periods.

Explanation

Pompeii was originally a Samnite town that was later conquered and rebuilt in a Roman style. It was destroyed by a volcanic eruption in 79 CE, not an earthquake or conquest in other time periods.

3. What ancient Roman temple, located in the Forum of Pompeii, was built between 100-80BC?

C. 100-80BC Temple of Jupiter/CapitoliumTall on a podium, frontal columns, 3 cella.. classic Roman Capitolium tall and frontal (etruscan) stone (greek)In Forum of Pompeii

B. Colosseum

D. Parthenon

A. Pantheon

The Temple of Jupiter/Capitolium in the Forum of Pompeii was constructed in the classic Roman Capitolium style, featuring tall frontal columns and three cella. It is a significant example of ancient Roman architecture.

Explanation

The Temple of Jupiter/Capitolium in the Forum of Pompeii was constructed in the classic Roman Capitolium style, featuring tall frontal columns and three cella. It is a significant example of ancient Roman architecture.

4. What is a Basilica?

B. A large public building typically used as a hall of justice.

A. A type of pasta dish.

C. 100 BC exception because of columns all the way around and entrance on the long sidenave, clerestory and aisles were the progression of structures in Basilica

D. A type of architectural structure found in ancient Greece.

A Basilica is a specific type of architectural structure dating back to around 100 BC. It is characterized by columns all the way around, with the entrance typically on the long side nave. The progression of structures in Basilica included elements like clerestories and aisles.

Explanation

A Basilica is a specific type of architectural structure dating back to around 100 BC. It is characterized by columns all the way around, with the entrance typically on the long side nave. The progression of structures in Basilica included elements like clerestories and aisles.

5. During what time period were stacked barrel vaults used to create a hill where a theater was built on?

D. 1000AD The invention of steel framework for constructing theater buildings.

C. 80BC Stacked barrel vaults to make a hill where the theater is built on w/ barrel vaults shooting off to enter the stadiumcavea-> the seatsscaena frons -> stage frontorchestra -> stage below

A. 1500AD The use of reinforced concrete to build the first theater structure.

B. 300BC Carved stone blocks to construct elevated seating in theaters.

The correct answer describes the use of stacked barrel vaults in 80BC to create a hill for theater construction, a method which utilized structural elements common to Roman architecture.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the use of stacked barrel vaults in 80BC to create a hill for theater construction, a method which utilized structural elements common to Roman architecture.

6. When was the Odeon built?

C. 80 BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius same as theater but is smaller and a concert hall

A. 500 AD as a stadium for gladiator fights.

B. 200 AD for religious ceremonies.

D. 300 BC as a public library.

The Odeon was built around 80 BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius, serving as a smaller version of a theater and functioning as a concert hall.

Explanation

The Odeon was built around 80 BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius, serving as a smaller version of a theater and functioning as a concert hall.

7. When was the first permanent amphitheater built and what were some of its features?

B. 300BC for Emperor Augustus to enjoy poetry readings

C. 80BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porciustwo theaters put together in an oval shapeonly for blood sports-->given by Sullafirst permanent theater for fear of rioting crowdsvomitoria -> barrel vaults that go directly to the theater for crowd to 'spew out' of at the end of the performancevelarium -> cloth-like awning pulled over seats to give crowd shade from sun

A. 200AD for Julius Caesar and Brutus to watch gladiator fights

D. 100AD for Marcus Aurelius to hold political meetings

The first permanent amphitheater was built around 80BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius. It was specifically designed for blood sports and had features like vomitoria and velarium.

Explanation

The first permanent amphitheater was built around 80BC for Q. Valgus and M. Porcius. It was specifically designed for blood sports and had features like vomitoria and velarium.

8. What architectural features characterize an Italic Domus from the 3rd century BC?

Roman style house in rural areas with asymmetrical design, multiple light sources, extensive windows, and open concept layout.

Italic style house 3rd century BCAristocratic urban residence bilateral symmetry, central axis, light source from central atrium, has a place for trade and negotiations (tabernae)few windows->inward turningfauces-> jaws (entranceway) mosaic of doglaraium -> family gods (in fauces)atrium->central gathering place (tetrastyle->4 columns corinthian)impluvium->basin in floor for fresh water (tuscan style:plain)compluvium-> hole in roof (tuscan style:plain)tablinum-> where family records are keptcubiculum-> bedrooms, no windows, carpet mosaicsalae-> wings (hallways) busts of ancestors there triclinium -> dining room, 3 benches surrounding a tablehortus-> outside garden

Egyptian style house characterized by pyramidal roof, underground chambers, and hieroglyphic decorations.

Greek style house with circular layout, emphasis on outdoor courtyard, and use of marble columns throughout.

The correct answer describes the specific features of an Italic Domus from the 3rd century BC, such as the architectural layout, usage of space, and design elements. The incorrect answers provide contrasting architectural styles with different characteristics which do not align with the features of an Italic Domus.

Explanation

The correct answer describes the specific features of an Italic Domus from the 3rd century BC, such as the architectural layout, usage of space, and design elements. The incorrect answers provide contrasting architectural styles with different characteristics which do not align with the features of an Italic Domus.

9. What is the significance of the House of Sallust dating back to the 3rd-2nd century BC?

It was a religious temple dedicated to the Roman god of war, Mars.

It was a private residence of a wealthy family during the Roman Empire.

3rd-2nd century BC House of Sallust: standard italic domusthermopolium-> fast food restaurant for income (in one of the front rooms)first style painting: fresco;stuccoed-> c. 100BC-took poor ingredients and painted to make it look like marble (pseudo-marble)

It was a governmental building used for administrative purposes.

The House of Sallust was not a private residence but a fast food restaurant for income, and it was not a governmental or religious building. It stood out for its unique first style painting techniques.

Explanation

The House of Sallust was not a private residence but a fast food restaurant for income, and it was not a governmental or religious building. It stood out for its unique first style painting techniques.

10. What architectural feature was commonly found in Roman households during the 2nd century BC forward?

Pyramids

Colosseum

2nd century BC forward: Hellenized Domusperistyle->replaces hortus w/bigger garden surrounded by columns.. more nature-dining rooms around it (oecus)->more space for entertainment surrounded by columns (greek)

Aqueducts

The Hellenized Domus peristyle replaced the hortus with a bigger garden surrounded by columns, providing more space for entertainment and dining rooms.

Explanation

The Hellenized Domus peristyle replaced the hortus with a bigger garden surrounded by columns, providing more space for entertainment and dining rooms.

11. Which ancient house is famous for the Alexander Mosaic and sheds light on wealthopus vermiculatum?

D. House of the Rising Sun from ancient Egypt

B. House of Mirrors from the 18th century

A. House of Cards from the 21st century

C.100-50BC House of Faunoecus with Alexander Mosaic c. 50-sheds light on the degree of wealthopus vermiculatum-> details of the mosaic

The correct answer is the House of Faunoecus, which dates back to 100-50BC and is renowned for the Alexander Mosaic. This mosaic provides insights into wealthopus vermiculatum through intricate details.

Explanation

The correct answer is the House of Faunoecus, which dates back to 100-50BC and is renowned for the Alexander Mosaic. This mosaic provides insights into wealthopus vermiculatum through intricate details.

12. What is the House of Silver Wedding known for?

C.100-50BC House of Silver Wedding (fancier and bigger)tetrastyle-> atrium has 4 columnscorinthian->corinthian capitals on tetrastyle

B. A modern mansion with a minimalist design.

A. A simple and small house built in the 1800s.

D. A medieval castle with fortified walls.

The House of Silver Wedding, dating back to 100-50BC, is known for being fancier and bigger compared to other houses from that time period. It features a tetrastyle design with an atrium containing 4 Corinthian columns, showcasing the luxurious Corinthian capitals.

Explanation

The House of Silver Wedding, dating back to 100-50BC, is known for being fancier and bigger compared to other houses from that time period. It features a tetrastyle design with an atrium containing 4 Corinthian columns, showcasing the luxurious Corinthian capitals.

13. What historical house features the House of the Griffins on Palatine with second style painting and Odysseus frieze?

B. Modern Apartment Building

D. Ancient Egyptian Pyramid

A. Medieval Castle

C. 100-50BC House of the Griffins on Palatine (rich houses of the republic)second style painting (style of illusions)-painted columns (cheaper and more space)-theatrical style -bilaterally symmetrical porfrey->purple stone-> rare entity associated with royalty Odysseus frieze->pictures beyond columns to create an out of room experience c. 50BC

The House of the Griffins on Palatine, featuring second style painting and Odysseus frieze, is a historically significant house built between c. 100-50BC known for its unique architectural and decorative elements.

Explanation

The House of the Griffins on Palatine, featuring second style painting and Odysseus frieze, is a historically significant house built between c. 100-50BC known for its unique architectural and decorative elements.

14. What features characterize the Villa at Boscoreale for Fannius Synistor from c.50BC?

B. The villa has a layout of atrium then peristyle, with no windows and no painted walls.

A. The villa was built in 100AD and has a First Style Painting.

C.50BC Villa at Boscoreale for Fannius SynistorSecond Style Painting Peristyle then atrium (layout)->inverse of domus-has windows (view of landscape)view of cityscape through columns painted on wall->feeling of escaping the villa

D. The villa features a modern design with glass walls and indoor pool.

The Villa at Boscoreale for Fannius Synistor from c.50BC is known for its unique characteristics as described in the answer. Options a, b, and d do not accurately represent the features of this specific villa.

Explanation

The Villa at Boscoreale for Fannius Synistor from c.50BC is known for its unique characteristics as described in the answer. Options a, b, and d do not accurately represent the features of this specific villa.

15. What historical site includes the Villa of Mysteries, built around 50BC, known for its open walls, Megalography, Mystery Cult, and Dionysiac mysteries?

D. Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

C. 50BC Villa of Mysteries, PompeiiOpen walls->openness to a view Second Style (theatrical, perspective, illusion)-did things in painting before pushing the limits of architectureMegalography->big figure painting Mystery Cult->you have to know the rights before you can be a part of it therefore outsiders couldnt get inDionysiac mysteries->fallacy (second style)All paintings lifelike and represent wha might actually be happening in the room

A. Colosseum, Rome

B. Parthenon, Athens

The Villa of Mysteries is a specific historical site in Pompeii known for its unique features and history, distinct from the other options mentioned.

Explanation

The Villa of Mysteries is a specific historical site in Pompeii known for its unique features and history, distinct from the other options mentioned.

16. What was the description of the Villa at Oplontis?

D. A public market for trading goods

C.50 Villa at Oplontis for family of Poppaea Second style painting -always on a life size scale-more open to nature-hellenistic sculptures

B. A temple dedicated to the Greek god Zeus

A. An apartment complex for Roman soldiers

The Villa at Oplontis was a specific villa occupied by the family of Poppaea, known for its Second style painting, life-size scale, openness to nature, and inclusion of Hellenistic sculptures.

Explanation

The Villa at Oplontis was a specific villa occupied by the family of Poppaea, known for its Second style painting, life-size scale, openness to nature, and inclusion of Hellenistic sculptures.

17. Who is Aulus Metellus known for in Roman Sculpture?

D. An Egyptian pharaoh from the New Kingdom

C.100BC for Aulus Metellus (Roman Sculpture)verism-> maleable material terracotta Roman name,clothes, shoes alocutio->look to the speaker "The Orator"very lifelike

A. A famous Greek philosopher

B. A renowned painter during the Renaissance period

Aulus Metellus is known for his portrayal in Roman Sculpture, specifically in his lifelike terracotta sculpture 'The Orator'.

Explanation

Aulus Metellus is known for his portrayal in Roman Sculpture, specifically in his lifelike terracotta sculpture 'The Orator'.

18. Who was the General from Tivoli known for the General Hellenization of Roman growing out of Etruscan influence, portrayed as an old man with the body of a young athlete?

C. 100BC General from Tivoli, for the General Hellenization of Roman growing out of Etruscan Head of old man, body of young muscular athlete-wants to been seen as a young warrior but also himself (wisdom in older age)strut->support of wristtree stump->support of foot

B. General Marcus Aurelius, famous for his Stoic philosophy and leadership during the Roman Empire.

A. Emperor Julius Caesar, known for his military conquests and expanding the Roman Empire.

D. King Leonidas of Sparta, renowned for his role in the Battle of Thermopylae against the Persian Empire.

The correct answer refers to a specific General from Tivoli in 100BC who adopted a unique artistic representation to blend youth and wisdom through the portrayal of an old man with the physique of a young athlete, influenced by both Etruscan and Hellenistic styles.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to a specific General from Tivoli in 100BC who adopted a unique artistic representation to blend youth and wisdom through the portrayal of an old man with the physique of a young athlete, influenced by both Etruscan and Hellenistic styles.

19. What is the significance of the Temple of Neptune built around 100BC?

B. A temple dedicated to the Roman god Jupiter

A. A modern architectural marvel in Italy

D. A structure that depicts scenes from Roman everyday life

C.100BC Temple of Neptune Friezes Not as decorated as Greeks Style significant to subject (greek style;idealistic)Wedding of Neptune; mythological Census taking ->government (no idealized portions)Next scene-> piety (altar and music) (naturalistic)Next scene-> militaristic virtue -representative of the 3 kings of rome

The Temple of Neptune, built around 100BC, is known for its unique style depicting mythological scenes, government symbolism, piety, and militaristic virtue related to Roman culture. It is not a modern marvel, dedicated to Jupiter, or focused on everyday life.

Explanation

The Temple of Neptune, built around 100BC, is known for its unique style depicting mythological scenes, government symbolism, piety, and militaristic virtue related to Roman culture. It is not a modern marvel, dedicated to Jupiter, or focused on everyday life.