Python Certified Entry-level Programmer (pcep-30-xx) Study Cards

A lexis refers to the vocabulary of a language, not punctuation, font, or sentence structure.

Syntax in programming languages governs the structure of statements and the rules for creating valid code. It focuses on the arrangement of words and symbols in code to ensure that it follows the language's rules.

Semantics deal with the meaning of language rather than the formation, pronunciation, or grammar of words.

Language elements typically include a combination of components such as alphabet, lexis/dictionary, syntax rules, and semantics. While some incorrect answers may contain elements of language, they do not fully encompass the essential components found in all languages.

The correct answer provides a comprehensive explanation of the key differences between compiling and interpreting code. It is important to understand these differences in the context of programming languages and how they are executed by computers.

Compiled code is generally faster in subsequent executions compared to interpreted code due to the direct translation to machine language. Interpreted code, on the other hand, may be easier to debug and modify as it does not require recompilation after changes. Each type of code has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of speed, debugging, and portability.

A function in programming is a standalone block of code that can be called and executed to perform a specific task. It is not a variable, loop, or a built-in feature in all programming languages.

In order to call or execute a function in programming, the essential components are the function name followed by parentheses enclosing the argument list.

When encountering a function invocation, the Python interpreter performs specific steps to ensure proper execution, including checking the function name, validating the number of arguments, passing flow control to the function block, evaluating the function, and returning control to the caller. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately reflect the interpreter's actions during function invocation.

The correct answer explains that the primary purpose of the print() function is to display data on the selected output device. The incorrect answers provide other functions that the print() function does not perform, such as mathematical calculations, reading data from a file, and sorting a list of items.

The correct answer specifies that print() expects a list of 0 or more objects, providing flexibility in the number of arguments passed to the function.

The correct definition of an instruction in Python programming is a specific command that the Python interpreter can evaluate and execute. Instructions are separate commands that should not be combined on the same line. They can span multiple lines to make the code more readable and organized.

The escape sequence \n is used to represent a newline character in many programming languages such as C, C++, Java, and Python. It indicates a line break when used within strings.

The backslash escape sequence is represented by a single backslash character, not a double backslash or other combinations.

The correct answer explains the two ways to pass arguments into a function, which are sequential (positional) and using keywords. The incorrect answers suggest alternative methods that are not valid in function argument passing.

When calling a function in Python, positional arguments must always come before keyword arguments. This ensures that the interpreter can correctly assign values to the correct parameters within the function definition.

The correct answer explains how the * operator works with strings, while the incorrect answers provide common misconceptions about the operator.

The 'sep=' and 'end=' arguments are specific to the print() function and are commonly used for formatting output, while the suggested incorrect answers do not exist as keyword arguments for the print() function, thus making them incorrect.

A literal is a data value that remains constant, while a variable can change its value. Variables cannot be considered literal data, and literal values may have different meanings based on the context in different programming languages.