PSYCH 260: Understanding Cognitive Processes and Physiological Psychology

President George HW Bush is known for proclaiming the Decade of the Brain in the 1990s, showcasing the importance of neuroscience research and advancements during that time period.

Physiological psychology, also known as behavioral neuroscience, specifically focuses on understanding the interaction between the brain and behavior. It investigates how the brain influences behavior and vice versa, making it essential for understanding various aspects of human cognition and behavior.

Physiological psychology blends together various disciplines including neuro psychology, neuro anatomy, psychology, biochemistry, bioengineering, and physics, but not neuroscience, sociology, or anthropology.

In Aristotle's philosophy, the Vegetative mind is responsible for the basic functions of growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms.

Aristotle believed that the perceptual mind is the one capable of detecting a difference in stimulations. This refers to the ability to perceive sensory input and make sense of it.

Aristotle believed that the rational mind is the one capable of higher-level thinking, understanding, and evaluation based on reason and logic.

In Aristotle's classification of living beings, he theorized that plants possess a vegetative mind, which is responsible for their ability to grow, reproduce, and nourish themselves. This concept is distinct from emotional, rational, or instinctual minds found in animals.

Aristotle believed that humans have a rational mind that sets them apart from other animals.

Rene Descartes is credited with the concept of the hydraulic model of the mind, which compares the mind to a hydraulic unit in terms of how thoughts are processed.

Rene Descartes was a dualist, believing in the distinction between the mind (res cogitans) and the body (res extensa). This is in contrast to monism, which denies such a distinction.

Dualists believe in the separation of the mind and body, while Monists argue for their unity. Nihilists focus on the nonexistence of meaning or purpose, and Hedonists prioritize pleasure and happiness.

Reflexes are involuntary, immediate response actions to specific stimuli. While instincts, impulses, and reactions may also involve automatic responses, reflexes specifically refer to a quick, unthinking action triggered by a stimulus.

Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist, is credited with the discovery of reflexes in the 17th century. His work laid the foundation for the study of reflexes in modern physiology.

Luigi Galvani, an Italian physician, was the first to discover that muscles will contract if exposed to electrical current through his experiments with frog legs.

Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician and physicist known for his experiments with bioelectricity, which inspired Mary Shelley's portrayal of Victor Frankenstein's experiments in reanimating dead tissue.

Johannes Muller is credited with the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies, which states that the nature of a sensation depends on which nerve fibers are stimulated, not on how the fibers are stimulated.

Johannes Muller suggested that specific nerves produced specific sensations, including the sensation of seeing stars when experiencing a head injury.

Ablation is the term used to describe the intentional destruction or removal of tissue, in this case, the brain. The incorrect answers do not accurately describe the process of intentionally destroying the brain.

Pierre Florens is known for his experiments on determining the functions of different parts of the brain by selectively destroying them.

The Decade of the Brain was proclaimed by President George H.W. Bush in 1990, not Bill Clinton or any other president listed.

When a decade is officially designated for a certain cause or issue, it often results in increased attention, resources, and funding from the federal government to address the specific concerns or goals outlined within that decade.

Generalization in research involves using the findings or conclusions from a specific study to make broader inferences or applications to other situations or contexts.

In research, the term 'reduction' refers to simplifying a complex phenomenon to its most basic form for understanding and analysis.

In this scenario, the correct research term that is being exemplified is 'reduction'. While the other incorrect answers can be common in research terminology, in this specific context, the focus is on the reduction of certain factors contributing to depression.

Despite popular misconceptions, the ancient Egyptians did not hold the human brain in high regard. They believed that the heart, not the brain, was the seat of intelligence and emotions. The brain was often removed and discarded during the mummification process as it was considered unimportant.

Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was the one credited with categorizing living organisms into different levels of minds. Although other philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Confucius made significant contributions to philosophy, they did not specifically categorize living organisms in this manner.

Aristotle believed that animals possess a perceptual mind, which is focused on sensory experiences rather than abstract thinking and reasoning.

Rene Descartes believed that a person's movement could be attributed to the presence of animating spirits within the body, controlling voluntary actions.

Today's physiologists would be considered monists because they believe that the mind and body are ultimately connected and can be understood through scientific principles, rather than separate entities as believed by dualists.

Descartes believed that the pineal gland was the point of interaction between the mind (or soul) and the body, as opposed to other organs like the heart, liver, or lungs.