Physics Hl Option G (ralph Cheng)

Electromagnetic waves are produced by oscillating electric charges, resulting in varying electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other, making up the nature of electromagnetic waves.

The correct answer outlines the importance of understanding the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, which include various frequencies and sources of radiation. The incorrect answers are deliberately misleading to test understanding.

Dispersion of EM Waves specifically refers to the differential refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another, resulting in different wavelengths experiencing different degrees of refraction.

Dispersion of EM waves is a phenomenon where the refractive index varies with wavelength causing different frequencies to refract at different angles. This leads to the separation of white light into its component colors when passing through a prism, showcasing frequency-dependent dispersion.

Transmission, absorption, and scattering are key phenomena in the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. Each process has distinct characteristics that differentiate them from one another.

Laser light is coherent light because it consists of a single wavelength with its waves in phase.

The correct answer explains the process of population inversion leading to the emission of laser light. The incorrect answers provide other methods or misconceptions related to laser light production.

The power of a convex lens is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens, while the dioptre is the unit of power for a converging lens where 1 dioptre is equivalent to 1 m^-1. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately define these terms, which may lead to confusion.

Linear magnification specifically refers to the relationship between the height of an image and the height of the object in optics.

Ray diagrams are essential tools in optics to visualize how light rays interact with lenses and help in locating images formed by convex lenses.

The correct answer distinguishes between real and virtual images based on whether light rays actually converge on a location or alternatively appear to converge. Real images can be projected onto a screen, while virtual images cannot be projected onto a screen.

Angular magnification is a measure of how much larger or smaller an image appears compared to the actual object when viewed through an optical instrument. It is defined by comparing the angles subtended by the image and the object at the eye of the observer.

The angular magnification formula for near point and infinity are different and typically involve the focal length of the lens and the distance between the lens and the eye. It is not a simple doubling or division by infinity.

The question specifically asks for a compound microscope with the final image formed close to the near point of the eye. The incorrect answers provided are for scenarios different from the one described in the question.

The correct answer refers to a specific scenario where an astronomical telescope is set up to have the final image appear at infinity through normal adjustments. The incorrect answers provide false information about either the nature of astronomical telescopes, the image formation process, or adjustments required for achieving the desired result.

The correct formula for angular magnification in an astronomical telescope involves taking the ratio of the focal lengths of the eyepiece lens and the objective lens with a negative sign in front of it. This is due to the nature of how lenses work in a telescope system.

Chromatic aberration and spherical aberration are common optical issues that can affect the quality of images produced by lenses. Understanding these aberrations is crucial for designing high-quality optical systems.

The correct method to reduce spherical aberration involves adjustments to the lens shape or using specific combinations of lenses. Increasing the aperture size, using a single lens element, or adding a polarizing filter does not directly address spherical aberration.

Chromatic aberration can be minimised by using an achromatic doublet that is made from a converging crown glass lens and a diverging flint glass lens that are adhered together by canada balsam as they have opposite chromatic aberration effects.

Interference between two sources occurs when the waves from the sources overlap and interact with each other. For interference to be observed, the sources must be coherent, meaning the waves they produce have a constant phase relationship. If the sources have different wavelengths, are located in different mediums, or are at different temperatures, it would not fulfill the necessary conditions for interference to occur.

The correct answer explains the concept of coherent sources and the interference pattern they produce in detail, while the incorrect answers provide inaccurate statements that do not align with the principles of superposition and wave interference.

The correct answer explains the key components and procedure of a double-slit experiment, showcasing the diffraction of light. The incorrect answers misinterpret the experiment's purpose and outcomes, leading to inaccurate statements.

Increasing the number of slits in a double-slit experiment affects the interference pattern in a specific way, leading to the observable changes mentioned in the correct answer.