Personality Exam I - Cognitive Issues - Quiz, Flashcards & Trivia

1. What are the definitions of cognition?

The ability to speak multiple languages.

General terms for any or all thought processes

The act of physical exercise.

The process of memorizing information.

Cognition refers to the mental processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Explanation

Cognition refers to the mental processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

2. What is the definition of perception?

The ability to hear sounds and make sense of them

The process by which order is imposed upon informationtaken in by sensory organs

The process of tasting different flavors and identifying them

The act of seeing things clearly and understanding them clearly

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to make sense of the world around us.

Explanation

Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information to make sense of the world around us.

3. What was the experiment that dealt with field dependence-Independency in the 1940s?

Skinner Box Experiment on Operant Conditioning

Harlow's Monkey Experiment on Attachment Theory

1940s, Solomaon Asch and Herman WitkinExperiment dealing with field dependence-Independency

Milgram Experiment on Obedience to Authority

The Rod and Frame test conducted by Solomaon Asch and Herman Witkin in the 1940s specifically focused on field dependence-Independency, while the other experiments mentioned did not address this unique aspect of perception and cognition.

Explanation

The Rod and Frame test conducted by Solomaon Asch and Herman Witkin in the 1940s specifically focused on field dependence-Independency, while the other experiments mentioned did not address this unique aspect of perception and cognition.

4. What are the characteristics of field independence/dependence and their related correlates?

-Field independence equates to being more socially focused and dependent on surroundings.

Field independent - more differentiated
Correlates:
-Career Choice: science more often
-Autonomy: more radical, less dependent on surroundings
-problem solving: on own
-hunting

Field dependent - more holistic
-Career Choice: choose social work, teacher, minister socially focused
-Autonomy: mot wanting to break social rules
-problem solving: seek help
-interpersonal: more socially focused, more friends more eye contact
-agrarian(gatherer)
-guilt vs shame: feel more guilt and shame b/c want to fit into whole/ standard

-Field independent individuals tend to avoid seeking help in problem solving.

-Field dependence leads to more radical career choices like science and autonomy.

Field independence/dependence refers to the cognitive style relating to how individuals approach information processing. Field independent individuals tend to be more analytical and self-reliant, while field dependent individuals are more holistic and socially oriented. The correlates associated with each type differ in terms of career choices, problem-solving approaches, autonomy preferences, and interpersonal behavior.

Explanation

Field independence/dependence refers to the cognitive style relating to how individuals approach information processing. Field independent individuals tend to be more analytical and self-reliant, while field dependent individuals are more holistic and socially oriented. The correlates associated with each type differ in terms of career choices, problem-solving approaches, autonomy preferences, and interpersonal behavior.

5. What does the term 'Taster Status' refer to?

B. Taster status depends on the food preferences of an individual.

C. Taster status is determined by the color of a person's taste buds.

Nontaster and supertaster
super taster has often has other intense senses

A. A person's ability to taste varies based on the time of day.

Taster status refers to the classification of individuals based on their taste sensitivity, with nontasters having a decreased sensitivity and supertasters having an increased sensitivity. Supertasters often experience flavors more intensely due to their heightened taste buds.

Explanation

Taster status refers to the classification of individuals based on their taste sensitivity, with nontasters having a decreased sensitivity and supertasters having an increased sensitivity. Supertasters often experience flavors more intensely due to their heightened taste buds.

6. What is the Emotional Stroop test used for?

To predict future emotional behaviors based on personality traits.

Colored words of emtions
Stronger emotions takes you longer to read.

To analyze handwriting samples for emotional cues.

To measure intelligence based on emotional responses.

The Emotional Stroop test involves showing colored words related to emotions and measuring how long it takes individuals to correctly identify the color of the words. Stronger emotions can cause interference and result in longer reaction times.

Explanation

The Emotional Stroop test involves showing colored words related to emotions and measuring how long it takes individuals to correctly identify the color of the words. Stronger emotions can cause interference and result in longer reaction times.

7. What is Emotional Blink of Attention (Emotion Induced Blindness)?

A technique involving meditation to improve attention span.

A phenomenon where emotions cause physical blindness.

A condition where individuals are unable to focus due to overwhelming emotions.

Experiment: series of pics and asks the subject to respond to the pic with wrong orientation, but few pics before is a brutally shocking picture to induce an emotional blink of attention.

Emotional Blink of Attention (Emotion Induced Blindness) refers to the phenomenon in which a brutally shocking picture is used to induce a temporary cognitive blindness in individuals during experimental studies.

Explanation

Emotional Blink of Attention (Emotion Induced Blindness) refers to the phenomenon in which a brutally shocking picture is used to induce a temporary cognitive blindness in individuals during experimental studies.

8. What is the relationship between attentional control and neuroticism?

Lower attentional control = lower neuroticism

Lower attentional control = higher neuroticism

Higher attentional control = higher neuroticism

Higher attentional control = lower neurotism

Attentional control refers to an individual's ability to focus and sustain attention on a task. Research has shown that individuals with higher attentional control tend to have lower levels of neuroticism, which is characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.

Explanation

Attentional control refers to an individual's ability to focus and sustain attention on a task. Research has shown that individuals with higher attentional control tend to have lower levels of neuroticism, which is characterized by emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.

9. What are the characteristics of Pessimistic vs. Optimistic attributional styles?

Pessimistic: internal, stable, global
Optimistic: external, unstable, specific

Optimistic: internal, unstable, global Pessimistic: external, stable, specific

Pessimistic: external, unstable, specific Optimistic: internal, stable, global

Optimistic: internal, stable, global Pessimistic: external, unstable, specific

Pessimistic attributional styles tend to blame internal factors, view the causes as stable, and generalize globally. Optimistic attributional styles attribute success to external factors, see causes as unstable, and relate specifically to the situation.

Explanation

Pessimistic attributional styles tend to blame internal factors, view the causes as stable, and generalize globally. Optimistic attributional styles attribute success to external factors, see causes as unstable, and relate specifically to the situation.

10. What is the cognitive triad?

Thoughtemotionbehavior

Selfworldfuture

Pastpresentfuture

Selfotherworld

The cognitive triad refers to the three components of views individuals have about themselves, the world, and the future as theorized in cognitive therapy.

Explanation

The cognitive triad refers to the three components of views individuals have about themselves, the world, and the future as theorized in cognitive therapy.

11. What are the definitions of intelligence?

Intelligence is determined by how well one performs academically.

Intelligence is the ability to memorize information quickly.

(great French psychologist) Binet: judgment, practical sense, initiative and the capacity to make adaptations for the pupose of attaining a desired end
Wechsler: The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and deal effectively with his environment.

Intelligence is solely based on one's IQ score.

Intelligence encompasses a range of factors beyond just IQ and academic performance. Definitions provided by Binet and Wechsler emphasize practical reasoning, judgment, adaptability, and the ability to act purposefully in different contexts.

Explanation

Intelligence encompasses a range of factors beyond just IQ and academic performance. Definitions provided by Binet and Wechsler emphasize practical reasoning, judgment, adaptability, and the ability to act purposefully in different contexts.

12. What are the major factors of intelligence?

Analytical Intelligence vs Creative Intelligence

Dominant model: verbal vs performance/ spacial
fluid (new problem) vs crystal

Innate Intelligence vs Acquired Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence vs Logical Intelligence

Intelligence is often categorized into different factors such as verbal vs performance/spatial and fluid vs crystal intelligence. Emotional Intelligence, Analytical Intelligence, and Innate Intelligence are not the major factors typically used to describe intelligence.

Explanation

Intelligence is often categorized into different factors such as verbal vs performance/spatial and fluid vs crystal intelligence. Emotional Intelligence, Analytical Intelligence, and Innate Intelligence are not the major factors typically used to describe intelligence.

13. What is the concept of multiple intelligences according to Howard Gardner?

1980 Howard Gardnerlinguisticspatialmusicalmathematicalbodily-kinestheticpersonal (equals emotional intelligence - predictive of things like job success)

Multiple intelligences are based solely on IQ test results.

Multiple intelligences refer to the ability to work on multiple tasks simultaneously.

Multiple intelligences theory was developed by Sigmund Freud.

The concept of multiple intelligences, as proposed by Howard Gardner in 1980, encompasses different types of intelligences beyond traditional IQ measures, such as linguistics, spatial, musical, mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal (emotional intelligence). It is not about multitasking ability or IQ test results, and it was not developed by Sigmund Freud.

Explanation

The concept of multiple intelligences, as proposed by Howard Gardner in 1980, encompasses different types of intelligences beyond traditional IQ measures, such as linguistics, spatial, musical, mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal (emotional intelligence). It is not about multitasking ability or IQ test results, and it was not developed by Sigmund Freud.

14. What are the major types in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)?

S-EN-FP-TJ-I

E-IS-NT-FJ-P

IS-ET-PN-FJ-J

E-IN-SP-JF-T

The correct major types in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator are Extraversion (E) - Introversion (I), Sensing (S) - Intuition (N), Thinking (T) - Feeling (F), Judging (J) - Perceiving (P).

Explanation

The correct major types in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator are Extraversion (E) - Introversion (I), Sensing (S) - Intuition (N), Thinking (T) - Feeling (F), Judging (J) - Perceiving (P).

15. What are the critical distinctions between J-P, F-T, S-N?

Personality types

Animal classifications

WE KNOW IT LIKE THE BACK OF OUR HANDS

Color preferences

J-P refers to Judging-Perceiving, F-T refers to Feeling-Thinking, and S-N refers to Sensing-Intuition. These are all dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality assessment tool.

Explanation

J-P refers to Judging-Perceiving, F-T refers to Feeling-Thinking, and S-N refers to Sensing-Intuition. These are all dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality assessment tool.

16. What are the correlates of types in terms of careers, ethics, learning style, and relationships?

Learning: N- use more giving information, S- more trial and error. Jobs: NF- business, administration, law, ST- psychotherapist, artist, musician. Ethical decisions: F- fairness, T- overall fairness.

Learning: S- use more giving information, N- more trial and error. Jobs: SF- business, administration, law, NT- psychotherapist, artist, musician. Ethical decisions: T- fairness, F- overall fairness.

Learning:
N- more trail and error
S- use more giving information
Jobs:
ST- business, administration, law
NF- psychotherapist, artist, musician
Ethical decisions:
F-overall
T-fairness

Learning: S- more trial and error, N- use more giving information. Jobs: NT- business, administration, law, SF- psychotherapist, artist, musician. Ethical decisions: T- overall fairness, F- fairness.

The correct answer showcases the correlations between learning styles, types, jobs, and ethical decisions. The incorrect answers provide different combinations of learning styles, job types, and ethical decisions, which do not align with the established relationships mentioned in the correct answer.

Explanation

The correct answer showcases the correlations between learning styles, types, jobs, and ethical decisions. The incorrect answers provide different combinations of learning styles, job types, and ethical decisions, which do not align with the established relationships mentioned in the correct answer.

17. Concept of type (vs. dimension) and problem with the concept

Relies solely on factor analytic techniques

Does not consider individual differences

Incorporates only qualitative data

Not based on factor analytic techniques

The correct answer highlights that the concept of type (vs. dimension) is not solely based on factor analytic techniques, distinguishing it from other approaches.

Explanation

The correct answer highlights that the concept of type (vs. dimension) is not solely based on factor analytic techniques, distinguishing it from other approaches.