Nonvascular Plants

1. What type of plant is Liverwort (Marchantia)?

Liverwort (Marchantia)HepatophytaThalloidGametophyteMaleThe body (the flat head portion)Anthridial receptacles

Cycad (Cycadophyta)

Fern (Pteridophyta)

Moss (Bryophyta)

Liverwort (Marchantia) belongs to the division of Hepatophyta, which are thalloid plants with a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. They have separate male and female structures, with the male structures called anthridial receptacles and the body consisting of a flat head portion.

Explanation

Liverwort (Marchantia) belongs to the division of Hepatophyta, which are thalloid plants with a gametophyte-dominant life cycle. They have separate male and female structures, with the male structures called anthridial receptacles and the body consisting of a flat head portion.

2. What type of plant is this Liverwort?

Fern

Sunflower

Liverwort (Marchantia)HepatophytaThalloidGametophyteFemaleArchegonial receptacles

Pine tree

Liverworts belong to the division Hepatophyta and are characterized by their thalloid structure, gametophyte dominance, and presence of archegonial receptacles.

Explanation

Liverworts belong to the division Hepatophyta and are characterized by their thalloid structure, gametophyte dominance, and presence of archegonial receptacles.

3. What type of plant is this Liverwort (Marchantia)?

Moss (Bryophyta)MossThalloidSporophyteMale (pictured), but female can have cups as wellSporangia used for spore dispersal.

Fern (Pteridophyta)FernLeafySporophyteMale (pictured), but female can have cups as wellSori used for spore production.

Liverwort (Marchantia)HepatophytaThalloidGametophyteFemale (pictured), but male can have cups as wellGemmae cupules used for asexual reproduction

Algae (Chlorophyta)AlgaeLeafyGametophyteFemale (pictured), but male can have cups as wellReproduction through zoospores.

Liverwort (Marchantia) belongs to the plant group Hepatophyta, has a thalloid gametophyte stage, and in this specific case, the plant shown is a female with gemmae cupules used for asexual reproduction.

Explanation

Liverwort (Marchantia) belongs to the plant group Hepatophyta, has a thalloid gametophyte stage, and in this specific case, the plant shown is a female with gemmae cupules used for asexual reproduction.

4. What type of plant is this Liverwort (Marchantia)?

Liverwort (Marchantia)HepatophytaThalloidGametophyteFemale (pictured)Rhizoids used for anchoring the plant to the substrate

Horsetail (Equisetophyta)ThalloidGametophyteMale (not pictured)Strobilus for spore dispersal.

Moss (Bryophyta)LeafySporophyteMale (not pictured)Leaves used for photosynthesis.

Fern (Pteridophyta)LeafySporophyteFemale (not pictured)Sori for reproduction.

The liverwort Marchantia belongs to the phylum Hepatophyta and has a thalloid gametophyte body with female reproductive structures. The threads coming off are rhizoids, which are used for anchoring the plant to the substrate.

Explanation

The liverwort Marchantia belongs to the phylum Hepatophyta and has a thalloid gametophyte body with female reproductive structures. The threads coming off are rhizoids, which are used for anchoring the plant to the substrate.

5. What are the steps in the Marchantia (Liverwort) life cycle?

1. Male gametophyte plant releases egg in water droplets 2. Female gametophyte plant catches egg in archegonial receptacles. 3. Egg+Sperm = Haploid Zygote in the archegonium 4. Embryo develops (still haploid) 5. Mature haploid sporophyte 'tube-like' structure forms on the male gametophyte plant 6. Sporophyte releases diploid 'mitospores' that mature into male and female gametophytes.

1. Male gametophyte plant releases sperm in water droplets2. Female gametophyte plant catches sperm in archegonial receptacles.3. Sperm+Egg = Diploid Zygote in the archegonium 4. Embryo develops (still diploid)5. Mature diploid sporophyte "sac-looking" structure forms on the female gametophyte plant6. Sporophyte relases haploid "meiospores" that mature into male and female gametophytes

1. Marchantia (Liverwort) life cycle involves only asexual reproduction. 2. The archegonium in Marchantia (Liverwort) is responsible for sperm production. 3. Male and female gametophytes produced in Marchantia (Liverwort) are diploid. 4. Marchantia (Liverwort) life cycle does not involve any water-dependent reproductive stages.

1. Marchantia (Liverwort) life cycle does not involve any sporophyte stage. 2. The main reproductive structure in Marchantia (Liverwort) is called an antheridium. 3. The haploid stage in the Marchantia (Liverwort) life cycle is the gametophyte. 4. In Marchantia (Liverwort) fertilization occurs within the male gametophyte plant.

6. What type of plant is this? Male or Female? What are the 3 big purple spots on the left hand side of the image?

Moss Bryophyta Male (because it has a different structure) Sporangium

Algae Algae Female (because it grows in water) Fronds

Fern Pteridophyta Male (because it stands upright) Rhizoids

MarchantiaHepatophytaFemale (because it curls under)Archegonial receptacles

The correct answer is Marchantia Hepatophyta Female because Marchantia is a liverwort which is a type of plant that falls under the category of Hepatophyta, and the female gametophyte curls under. The 3 big purple spots on the left hand side of the image are actually Archegonial receptacles, which are reproductive structures that produce eggs in female plants.

Explanation

The correct answer is Marchantia Hepatophyta Female because Marchantia is a liverwort which is a type of plant that falls under the category of Hepatophyta, and the female gametophyte curls under. The 3 big purple spots on the left hand side of the image are actually Archegonial receptacles, which are reproductive structures that produce eggs in female plants.

7. What type of plant is this Phyla? Male or Female? What are the large purple ovals across the thalus of the plant?

MarchantiaHepatophytaMale (because it is flat)Antheridial receptacles with antheridia producing sperm

Marchantia Hepatophyta Female

Marchantia Bryophyta Male

Lycopodium Pteridophyta Female

This question is asking about the type of plant, the gender, and the structure on the plant known as antheridial receptacles with antheridia producing sperm.

Explanation

This question is asking about the type of plant, the gender, and the structure on the plant known as antheridial receptacles with antheridia producing sperm.

8. What type of plant is this Phyla?

Liverwort

Moss

Hornwort, AnthocerosAnthocerophytaBoth (asexually through fragmentation)Mucus, cyanobacteriarhizoids

Fern

The correct type of plant is a hornwort, not a liverwort, moss, or fern. Hornworts belong to the Anthocerophyta species.

Explanation

The correct type of plant is a hornwort, not a liverwort, moss, or fern. Hornworts belong to the Anthocerophyta species.

9. What type of plant is this PhylaWhat part of the plant is this a cross section of?

Cycad, Cycadophyta, Ovule

Fern, Pteridophyta, Gametophyte

Hornwort, AnthocerosAnthocerophytaSporophyte

Moss, Bryophyta, Antheridia

The correct answer refers to the plant as a Hornwort belonging to the Anthoceros Anthocerophyta group, specifically the Sporophyte part.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to the plant as a Hornwort belonging to the Anthoceros Anthocerophyta group, specifically the Sporophyte part.

10. What type of plant is this Phyla? What are the yellow spiky things?

Cactus (Opuntia), Flowers of the cactus plant.

True Moss (PolythrichumBryophytaCapsules of the sporophyte which have broken open releasing spores

Sunflower (Helianthus), Pollen grains of the sunflower.

Fern (Polypodium), Fiddleheads of the fern plant.

The correct answer refers to True Moss and the capsules of its sporophyte which release spores. The incorrect answers are different types of plants with their respective features that do not match the description provided in the question.

Explanation

The correct answer refers to True Moss and the capsules of its sporophyte which release spores. The incorrect answers are different types of plants with their respective features that do not match the description provided in the question.

11. What type of plant is Sphagnum moss?

Sphagnum moss (Peat Moss)BryophytaUsed as potting material due to ability to hold water

Gymnosperms

Angiosperms

Pteridophytes

Sphagnum moss belongs to the division Bryophyta, which includes mosses and is known for its ability to hold water, making it a popular choice as potting material.

Explanation

Sphagnum moss belongs to the division Bryophyta, which includes mosses and is known for its ability to hold water, making it a popular choice as potting material.

12. Describe the life cycle of a moss.

1. Mature female and male gametophytes near each other2. Male releases sperm into water droplet, and sperm swims to female egg3. Sperm+Egg=Diploid zygote in the females archegonium4. Diploid zygote grows into an embryo5. Embryo grows into a stalk with a capsule on the top, coming right out of the middle of the mature female gametophyte plant. The capsule has a lid called the operculum. This stalk and capsule are called the sporophyte.6. Inside the sporophyte, meiosis takes place forming haploid spores7. One day the operculum sloughs off, and the "meiospores" are released.8. Meiospores germinate into a "protonema" or baby plant9. Protonema grows into a mature male or female haploid gametophyte

1. Moss begins as a seed in the soil and grows directly into a mature plant.

3. Mosses do not undergo any specific life cycle but instead continuously grow from spores.

2. Moss reproduces through flowers and produces seeds that are dispersed by wind.

13. What are some historical applications of peat moss?

Native american diapers, menstrual pads, WWI bandages

Coffee filters, insulation material, shoe insoles

Peat moss has been used in various historical applications, including as native american diapers, menstrual pads, and WWI bandages. While coffee filters, insulation material, and shoe insoles are common uses for other materials, they are not historically associated with peat moss.

Explanation

Peat moss has been used in various historical applications, including as native american diapers, menstrual pads, and WWI bandages. While coffee filters, insulation material, and shoe insoles are common uses for other materials, they are not historically associated with peat moss.