Nclex Condition Review

Thyroid Storm is not commonly triggered by caffeine consumption, lack of exercise, or overhydration. The accurate triggers include stressors, trauma, infection, dka, and pregnancy, leading to life-threatening symptoms like fever, palpitations, tachycardia, and systolic hypertension.

Hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as increased metabolism, sweating, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate, and heat intolerance. Fine silky hair is also a common manifestation.

Graves' Disease is characterized by symptoms such as a goiter (enlargement of the thyroid) and exophthalmos (bulging or protruding eyes). Other symptoms such as rash, joint pain, swelling, or high blood pressure are not typically associated with Graves' Disease.

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland leading to symptoms such as cool, pale yellowish skin, mucinous edema resulting in myxedema, and changes in appearance including a husky voice.

The correct answer describes the function of HYPERPARAthyroid Glands in maintaining calcium and phosphate balance, as well as the consequences of increased ParaThyroid Hormone activity. This leads to symptoms like kidney stones and hypocalcemia. The incorrect answers do not relate to the function of the parathyroid glands.

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by symptoms such as excessive urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), and excessive hunger (polyphagia) due to the lack of glucose being utilized by cells.

SIADH is characterized by the inappropriate, continued release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) despite low plasma osmolality, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. The incorrect answers do not accurately reflect the underlying mechanism of SIADH.

Brudzinski's Sign is a physical exam finding where flexion of the neck results in reflex flexion of the hip and knee, not extension, abduction, or internal rotation.

Kernig's Sign is a test used to identify meningeal irritation in patients with meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage. It involves the reflex contraction and pain on extension of the lower leg from a position of 90 degree hip flexion while the patient is supine.

An S3 heart sound is typically associated with left ventricular failure and volume overload due to the presence of increased blood volume in the left ventricle during diastole.

The S4 heart sound is caused by forceful atrial contraction against resistance to ventricular filling, typically heard late in diastole. It is often associated with conditions such as atrial hypertrophy, hypertension, and aortic stenosis.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs. It is not caused by bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nor is it a type of cancer or an autoimmune disease targeting the joints.

Myathenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder that targets acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness.

Chvostek's sign is a clinical sign used to assess irritability and hyperexcitability of the facial nerve. It is commonly seen in patients with low levels of calcium in the blood (hypocalcemia).

Trousseaus Sign is specifically linked to HYPO-Calcemia, where a carpal spasm occurs when a blood pressure cuff is inflated. It is important to differentiate it from other conditions such as HYPER-Calcemia, Hypoglycemia, and Hypothyroidism.

Cushings Triad is a set of clinical signs indicating increased intracranial pressure and includes an increased and widening pulse pressure (rising systolic pressure), Bradycardia, and bradypnea. The incorrect answers do not align with the classic signs of Cushings Triad.

Addison's Disease/Addison's Crisis is characterized by reduced levels of adrenal corticosteroids, not excess. The crisis is typically triggered by stress or surgery, not lack of sleep. Symptoms involve hypoglycemia, not hypertension, and hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.

Sickle Cell Anemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, with individuals having HbSS receiving one copy of the abnormal hemoglobin gene from each parent. Thalassemia is a separate condition involving abnormal hemoglobin (HB C). Infections are the most common precipitating factor for sickling crisis in individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Dialysis is typically initiated when the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) falls below 15ml/min. This indicates severe kidney dysfunction where dialysis is necessary for waste removal. The incorrect answers provided do not accurately reflect the GFR threshold for starting dialysis.

Hypoglycemia is characterized by low blood sugar levels which can lead to various symptoms such as nervousness, diaphoresis (sweating), weakness, light-headedness, confusion, parasthesia (tingling or numbness), headache, and tachycardia (rapid heart rate). It is important to differentiate between hypoglycemia and other conditions like hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism based on the distinct symptom manifestations.

The classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include increased urination (polyuria), excessive thirst (polydipsia), and increased hunger (polyphagia). These symptoms are the result of high blood sugar levels in the body.

Diverticulitis is typically caused by increased luminal pressure associated with decreased stool size due to a low fiber diet. High fiber diet and exercise are recommended for prevention and management. Acute exacerbations occur from increasing intra-abdominal pressure, and during flare-ups, a low fiber diet is advised to reduce stool size.

Individuals with IBD are often advised to follow a high calorie, high protein, low residue diet to help manage their symptoms and promote healing in the digestive tract.

In wound care, wet to dry dressing involves debridement by removing dead tissue. Wet to damp dressing, on the other hand, promotes healing and granulation tissue formation without causing trauma to the wound bed.