Large Animal Lab Final Quiz

Silicon catheters are preferred for long-term use due to their biocompatibility and flexibility, making them suitable for horses requiring frequent IV antibiotic administration.

The lateral thoracic vein is commonly used as an alternate catheter site in horses due to its accessibility and size. Other veins mentioned are not typically used for catheterization in horses.

Antibiotic ointments are used to reduce the risk of infection at the site of IV catheter insertion by preventing bacterial growth.

Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory condition caused by blood clots in veins, commonly occurring in patients with intravenous catheters. The correct action when suspected is to aseptically remove the catheter, submit it for culture, and discontinue use of the affected vein to prevent any further complications.

IV catheter-associated bacterial endocarditis in horses predominantly affects the tricuspid valve due to the unique hemodynamic conditions and the right-sided placement of IV catheters in equine practice.

An intravenous catheter should always be placed aseptically in a horse to prevent infection and ensure proper treatment.

Thrombophlebitis in horses is commonly associated with the bacterial agent Staphylococcus. While bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Streptococcus can also cause infections in horses, they are not typically linked to thrombophlebitis.

An IV catheter is used in horses for medical purposes such as providing anesthesia, euthanasia, fluid therapy, and administering IV medications. The incorrect answers provided do not align with the medical necessity of using an IV catheter in a horse.

Catheter types vary based on factors such as ease of insertion, pliability, material composition, and cost. These factors play a crucial role in determining the most suitable catheter for a particular medical procedure or condition.

When placing a catheter in an adult's jugular vein, a 14 gauge is recommended, while for a foal, a 16 or 18 gauge catheter is appropriate due to their smaller size.

The correct terminology for the radiographic view of the distal front limb is 'dorsal medial lateral palmar oblique', as it specifies the positioning and direction of the view to capture the necessary image

Proper positioning is important in reducing x-ray exposure because it helps ensure that the x-ray beam is directed only at the area of interest, minimizing unnecessary exposure to other parts of the body.

Thermography involves the use of infrared cameras to detect and measure heat patterns on the surface of an object or body. X-rays, ultrasound, and MRI are imaging technologies that utilize different principles and are not used in thermography.

The correct radiographic views of the distal limb in horses are typically taken from different angles to provide comprehensive imaging of the area in question. Lateral oblique, medial oblique, and dorsal palmar views are commonly used to assess different structures and angles in the distal limb of horses, allowing veterinarians to diagnose conditions accurately.

When preparing a horse's feet for radiographs, it is important to pack the frog with playdough as it helps provide support and stability during the imaging process.

Nuclear scintigraphy is indeed most commonly utilized in complex lameness cases where multiple limbs are affected. It provides valuable information on the distribution of blood flow, metabolism, and bone remodeling, aiding in the diagnosis and management of such complex cases.

Farriers typically require lateral radiographs for 'hoof balance films' as it provides a side view of the hoof structure which aids in assessing and correcting any imbalances.

Nuclear scintigraphy commonly utilizes the radio-isotope technetium due to its ability to emit gamma radiation which can be detected by a gamma camera. This allows for the imaging of internal organs and tissues for diagnostic purposes.

Rumenal contractions in healthy cattle typically range from 1 to 3 per minute. Higher contraction rates may indicate gastrointestinal issues.

Alpacas are obligate nasal breathers, meaning they primarily breathe through their nostrils. Breathing through the mouth is difficult for alpacas.

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in cattle with gastrointestinal disease due to the complex physiological interactions between the heart and the digestive system.

Common methods of restraint in cattle are important for handling and managing these animals safely. While the correct answer includes chute, head gate and tail jack, the incorrect answers do not represent commonly used methods and may not be safe or appropriate for restraining cattle.

The rumen is located on the left side of the cow's body, making it easier to evaluate and access from that side.

In camelids, the term kush refers to the act of lying down in sternal recumbency, which is a resting position commonly observed in these animals.

Camelids, such as camels and llamas, have a stomach with three compartments which are the rumen, reticulum, and omasum. These compartments aid in the digestion of their plant-based diet.

In cattle, blood is commonly drawn from the coccygeal vein due to its accessibility and ease of use for blood collection.

Placing the noseband of the halter as high as possible ensures proper control and comfort for the alpaca during handling and leading.

The correct answer is 99-102.0 F. Alpacas have a higher normal body temperature range compared to humans.

The pacemaker of the heart is actually located in the right atrium and is responsible for initiating the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat.

The base apex lead is preferred for anesthesia monitoring in horses as it provides a better visualization of cardiac electrical activity in this setting.