2012 Vet Science Cde Exam

A prefix is a word part that is added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning or create a new word. It is not found in the middle or end of a word. Therefore, the correct answer is "Beginning".

The suffix "-ectomy" is commonly used in medical terminology to indicate a surgical procedure for the removal of a specific body part or tissue. Therefore, the correct answer is "Surgical removal."

Dermatology is the study of the skin. It involves the diagnosis and treatment of various skin conditions, including diseases, infections, and disorders. Dermatologists are medical professionals who specialize in this field and are trained to identify and manage skin-related issues. Understanding the structure, functions, and diseases of the skin is essential in dermatology, making "Skin" the correct answer.

The term "dorsal" is used to describe the back or upper side of an animal. It refers to the region or surface that is opposite to the belly or underside. Therefore, the correct answer is "Back."

An abscess is a localized collection of pus. It forms when the body's immune system tries to fight off an infection by sending white blood cells to the affected area. The pus is a mixture of dead tissue, bacteria, and white blood cells. Abscesses can occur in various parts of the body and are typically accompanied by pain, swelling, and redness. They may require medical intervention, such as draining the pus and administering antibiotics, to promote healing.

The heart is made up of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles. The atria receive blood from the body and the lungs, while the ventricles pump blood out to the body and the lungs. This division of chambers allows for efficient and coordinated pumping of blood throughout the body.

Lateral recumbency refers to the position in which an animal is lying on its side. This position is commonly observed in animals during rest or sleep. It allows for better weight distribution and relaxation of muscles. Lying on the back or belly is not considered lateral recumbency.

The urinary system is responsible for removing liquid waste from the body. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine. The urine then travels through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until it is released from the body through the urethra. The other organ systems listed, such as the digestive system, endocrine system, and cardiovascular system, have different functions and are not primarily involved in the removal of liquid waste.

The term "rhin/o" refers to the nose. This can be inferred from the fact that "rhin/o" is derived from the Greek word for nose, "rhinos." In medical terminology, the prefix "rhin/o" is commonly used to indicate or describe conditions, procedures, or structures related to the nose. For example, rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure to reshape the nose, and rhinitis is the inflammation of the nasal passages. Therefore, the correct answer is nose.

The correct answer is Epidermis, Dermis & Subcutaneous layer. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, providing protection against external factors. The dermis is the middle layer, containing blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles. The subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer, consisting of fat cells that provide insulation and cushioning. Together, these three layers work to maintain the integrity and function of the skin.

The prefix "ex-" is commonly used to indicate a lack or absence of something or to suggest moving away or out of a particular state or condition. For example, "exclude" means to keep something out or away, "exit" means to leave or go out, and "exhale" means to breathe out. Therefore, the correct answer is "Without/Away from."

Joints are the connections between bones in the body. They allow for movement and provide stability. Joints are formed by the articulation of two or more bones, held together by ligaments and surrounded by synovial fluid. This fluid helps reduce friction and allows for smooth movement. Joints come in different types, such as hinge joints (like the elbow), ball-and-socket joints (like the hip), and pivot joints (like the neck). They play a crucial role in the musculoskeletal system, enabling us to perform a wide range of movements.

Kinesiology is the study of movement, including the mechanics, anatomy, and physiology of human movement. It involves analyzing how muscles, bones, and joints work together to produce movement, as well as the factors that influence movement, such as posture, balance, and coordination. Biology is the study of living organisms, while taxonomy is the classification of organisms. Musculology is not a recognized term or field of study. Therefore, the correct answer is Kinesiology.

The prefix "dys-" typically indicates something that is difficult, painful, or bad. It is commonly used to describe abnormal or impaired conditions. For example, "dysfunction" means impaired or abnormal functioning, "dysphonia" refers to difficulty in producing speech sounds, and "dyspnea" is the medical term for difficult or labored breathing. Therefore, the correct answer is "Difficult/Painful/Bad."

Jaundice is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by the yellow discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. It occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin in the body, which is a yellow pigment produced when old red blood cells are broken down. Jaundice can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, hepatitis, or blockage of the bile ducts. Symptoms may also include yellowing of the eyes, dark urine, pale stools, fatigue, and abdominal pain.

The integumentary system is responsible for protecting the body from external threats and regulating body temperature. It consists of the skin, hair, and nails, which work together to provide a barrier against pathogens, regulate body temperature through sweat glands, and provide sensory information. Muscles, bones, reproductive tracts, stomach, and intestines are not part of the integumentary system.

The loose skin under the throat/neck is called the dewlap. This term is commonly used in reference to certain animals, such as cows, goats, and some breeds of dogs, where the dewlap is more prominent. It is a fold of skin that hangs down from the lower jaw or neck area and can vary in size and shape depending on the species. The dewlap serves various purposes, including heat regulation, display during courtship or aggression, and as a storage area for fat reserves.

A biopsy is the correct answer because it refers to the process of removing living tissue from the body for examination. This procedure is commonly used to diagnose diseases or determine the extent of a condition. Excision refers to the complete removal of a tissue or organ, while a skin scrape is a technique used to collect superficial cells or parasites from the skin. Tissue culture involves growing cells in a laboratory setting for research purposes.

When an animal is diagnosed with tachycardia, it means that the heart is abnormally fast. Tachycardia is a condition characterized by an elevated heart rate, usually above 100 beats per minute. This can be caused by various factors such as stress, exercise, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. The increased heart rate can put strain on the heart and potentially lead to complications if left untreated. Therefore, it is important to identify and address the underlying cause of tachycardia to ensure the well-being of the animal.

The term "caprine" refers to the goat species. "Caprine" is derived from the Latin word "capra" which means goat. It is commonly used in scientific and medical contexts to specifically refer to goats. Therefore, the correct answer is "Goat".

Dialysis is the correct answer because it is the medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform this function. During dialysis, a machine filters the blood, removing toxins and maintaining the body's electrolyte balance. This procedure is essential for individuals with kidney failure or end-stage renal disease to help them manage their condition and maintain their overall health. Urinalysis is a diagnostic test that analyzes urine, cystotomy is a surgical procedure to remove bladder stones, and renal infarction refers to the blockage of blood flow to the kidneys.

The tarsal joint, also known as the hock, is the large joint in the middle of the back leg of animals. It is responsible for providing flexibility and stability to the leg during movement. The hock joint is commonly found in animals such as horses and dogs, and it allows for bending and extension of the leg. The term "fetlock" refers to a different joint located lower down on the leg, while the "stifle" is the equivalent of the human knee joint. The "hoof" is not a joint, but rather the hard outer covering of the animal's foot.

The correct answer is Axial and Appendicular. The axial skeleton includes the bones of the skull, spine, and ribcage, which provide support and protection for the body's vital organs. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs, including the arms, legs, shoulders, and pelvis, which are involved in movement and locomotion. Therefore, the axial and appendicular skeletons together form the complete framework of the human body.

Deciduous teeth, also known as baby teeth or milk teeth, are the set of temporary teeth in animals that eventually fall out. These teeth are replaced by permanent teeth as the animal grows. The term "deciduous" refers to the fact that these teeth are shed or "fall out" over time. Dentition refers to the overall arrangement of teeth in an animal's mouth, while Dicidus is not a recognized term in relation to teeth. Therefore, the correct answer is Deciduous.

The suffix "-tomy" refers to a surgical procedure that involves cutting into a specific part of the body. It is commonly used to create an opening or incision for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. This suffix is derived from the Greek word "tomē," which means "a cutting." Therefore, the correct answer is "Cutting into."

The term "buccal" refers to the cheek. This term is commonly used in medical and dental contexts to describe things related to the cheek, such as buccal cavity or buccal medication. The word "buccal" is derived from the Latin word "bucca" which means cheek. Therefore, the correct answer is cheek.

The prefix "pan-" is derived from the Greek word "pan" which means "all" or "every." It is commonly used to indicate inclusiveness or comprehensiveness. For example, words like "panorama" (a view of all directions) or "pantheon" (a temple dedicated to all gods) demonstrate the meaning of "all" associated with this prefix.

Cilia are the thin hairs located in the nose that filter debris. They help to trap dust, pollen, and other particles, preventing them from entering the respiratory system. Cilia play a crucial role in maintaining the cleanliness and health of the nasal passages by constantly moving in coordinated waves to sweep away the trapped debris.

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. It is responsible for transmitting the force generated by the muscle to the bone, allowing movement to occur. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bone to bone and provide stability to joints. Joints are the areas where two or more bones meet, allowing for movement. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that covers the ends of bones and provides cushioning and support.

Caudal refers to the direction towards the tail of an animal. It is the opposite of cranial, which means towards the head. Therefore, the correct answer is "Tail" because caudal means towards the tail of the animal.

The trachea is the correct answer because it is the tube that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs, allowing air to pass through and reach the lungs for respiration. The esophagus is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, while the larynx is responsible for producing sound and is commonly known as the voice box. The pharynx is the area at the back of the throat where the pathways for both air and food cross.

The correct answer is Pericardium. The pericardium is the double membrane that surrounds the heart. It consists of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous layer. The pericardium helps protect the heart and keeps it in place within the chest cavity. It also prevents overfilling of the heart and provides lubrication for the movement of the heart during contractions.

When you trim an animal's nails and there is bleeding, it means you have cut the quick. The quick is a sensitive part of the nail that contains blood vessels and nerves. Cutting into the quick can cause bleeding and discomfort for the animal. It is important to be cautious and avoid cutting into the quick when trimming an animal's nails to prevent any pain or injury.

Systole refers to the contraction of the heart muscles, specifically the ventricles, which pumps blood out of the heart and into the arteries. On the other hand, diastole represents the relaxation phase of the heart, where the ventricles fill with blood and prepare for the next contraction. Therefore, the correct answer is "Contraction, Expansion."

The correct answer is Ureters. The ureters are the two tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They are responsible for carrying urine away from the kidneys, allowing it to be stored in the bladder until it is expelled from the body through the urethra. The other options, urethras, medullas, and cortex, are not correct as they do not play a role in the transportation of urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

The term "lagomorph" refers to the rabbit species. Lagomorphs are a group of mammals that include rabbits, hares, and pikas. They are characterized by their unique dental structure, with two pairs of incisors in the upper jaw, one behind the other. Lagomorphs are herbivorous and have adapted to various habitats around the world. The term "lagomorph" is often used in scientific and zoological contexts to refer specifically to this group of animals.

The gall bladder is responsible for storing bile, a substance produced by the liver. Bile is important for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. When food enters the small intestine, the gall bladder releases bile into the digestive tract to aid in the breakdown of fats. Therefore, the gall bladder is the organ specifically designed to store and release bile.

The respiratory tract begins with the mouth, which leads to the pharynx. From the pharynx, air passes through the larynx and then into the trachea. The trachea branches into the bronchi, which further divide into smaller bronchioles. Finally, air reaches the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Therefore, the correct order is Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Alveoli.

The prefix "a-" is commonly used to indicate the absence or lack of something. Therefore, when added to a word, it generally means "without" or "no." For example, "amoral" means without morals, "asymmetrical" means without symmetry, and "atheist" means without belief in a god.

Pneumonia is the correct answer because it is an abnormal condition of the lung that involves inflammation and congestion. It is typically caused by an infection, such as bacteria or viruses, and can result in symptoms like cough, fever, and difficulty breathing. Bronchitis is also a condition that involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes, but it specifically refers to inflammation of the large airways in the lungs. Asthma is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, while cough is a symptom that can occur with various respiratory conditions, including pneumonia.

The word "renal" is derived from the Latin word "renes" which means kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is "Ren/o" as it is the combining form that refers to the kidneys.

Dyspnea is the medical term used to describe difficult or labored breathing. It is a symptom rather than a specific condition, and can be caused by various factors such as lung diseases, heart problems, anxiety, or physical exertion. Dyspnea is often accompanied by a feeling of shortness of breath, tightness in the chest, or rapid breathing. It is important to identify the underlying cause of dyspnea in order to provide appropriate treatment and alleviate the breathing difficulty.

An embolism is a blockage of a blood vessel caused by a foreign object. This can occur when a blood clot, fat, air bubble, or other material travels through the bloodstream and becomes lodged in a smaller blood vessel, obstructing blood flow. Embolisms can occur in various parts of the body, including the lungs, brain, and limbs, and can have serious consequences depending on the location and size of the blockage.

Unigastric is not a type of digestive tract. The term "gastric" refers to the stomach, and "uni" means one. Therefore, unigastric would imply having only one stomach, which is incorrect. In reality, most animals have a single stomach, so the term unigastric is redundant and not used to describe a type of digestive tract.

Osteoblasts are immature bone cells responsible for bone formation. They synthesize and secrete the components of the bone matrix, such as collagen and other proteins, which then mineralize to form new bone tissue. Osteoblasts play a crucial role in the growth and remodeling of bones, as they are involved in the process of bone deposition and bone repair. Once the bone matrix is formed, some osteoblasts become trapped within it and differentiate into osteocytes, which are mature bone cells that maintain and regulate bone tissue.

The blood that leaves the heart travels through the ventricles. The ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart and they pump blood out to the rest of the body. The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body and carries blood to all parts of the body. The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries blood to the lungs to get oxygenated. Therefore, the blood leaving the heart travels through the ventricles before being distributed to the rest of the body.

The sagittal plane divides an animal into unequal right and left halves. This means that when an animal is divided along the sagittal plane, the two resulting halves will not be identical in size or shape. This is in contrast to the other options, which divide the animal into equal right and left halves, or into dorsal and ventral parts, or into cranial and caudal parts. The sagittal plane is an important anatomical reference plane used in biology and medicine to describe the location and orientation of structures within an organism.

The narrow passage between the stomach and the small intestines is called the pylorus. The pylorus acts as a valve that regulates the flow of partially digested food from the stomach to the small intestines. It controls the release of food into the intestines, allowing only small amounts to pass through at a time. This helps to ensure proper digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestines.

The correct answer is "Atrium" because the atrium is the upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins. It acts as a holding chamber, allowing blood to flow into the ventricles before being pumped out of the heart. The vena cava brings deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium, while the pulmonary veins bring oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

The scientific term for the throat is the pharynx. The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus and larynx. It plays a crucial role in the respiratory and digestive systems, allowing air and food to pass through. The esophagus is a separate structure that connects the pharynx to the stomach, while the larynx is commonly known as the voice box. Gullet is a less commonly used term for the esophagus.