Understanding Earth's Movements and Seasonal Changes

The Earth rotates on its axis, causing day and night, and revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit, causing seasons.

Seasons are primarily caused by the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around the sun. The changing angle of sunlight and the varying length of daylight as a result of this tilt and orbit are the main factors contributing to the different seasons experienced on Earth.

The correct answer lists the four special days in the Northern Hemisphere in the correct seasonal order.

The Summer Solstice occurs around June 21-22 each year when the Sun's vertical rays are located at the tropic of Cancer, which is at 23 degrees N latitude. This marks the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Winter Solstice occurs on December 21-22 when the Sun's vertical rays are located at the tropic of Capricorn. This marks the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.

Mars is often referred to as the Red Planet due to its reddish appearance, which is due to iron oxide (rust) on its surface.

Paris is the capital city of France, while London is the capital of the United Kingdom, Berlin is the capital of Germany, and Rome is the capital of Italy.

Paris is the capital of France, while Berlin is the capital of Germany, London is the capital of the United Kingdom, and Rome is the capital of Italy.

Ottawa is the capital city of Canada, not Toronto, Vancouver, or Montreal.