Understanding Computer Systems and Data Processing

Mainframes are powerful computer systems designed to handle large workloads and can support multiple users and programs at the same time. They are typically used by organizations to manage large amounts of data efficiently.

Supercomputers are known for their specialized uses, limited program compatibility, and extremely high speed when it comes to complex calculations. They are not designed for everyday tasks, do not support numerous programs, and are not slow in their computational abilities.

An embedded system is a specially designed chip that is integrated into another device to perform specific tasks or functions. It is not simply computer software, an external storage device, or a computer virus.

The first step in the data collection process is to gather data by collecting relevant information from various sources.

A process typically involves manipulating, calculating, and organizing data or information to achieve a specific outcome.

Output refers to the display of data and information to the user, it does not involve receiving input, performing calculations, or storing files.

Storage is primarily used to save data and information for retrieval and later use.

The correct answer involves arranging and displaying data in a structured manner to make it more easily understandable and accessible.

Binary is the language of computers, represented by combinations of 0s and 1s. It is the foundation of how computers store and process data.

ASCII is a character encoding standard used in computers and communication equipment to represent text and control characters. It does not deal with color representation, programming languages, or database management systems.

Unicode is a universal character encoding standard that assigns a unique number to every character and symbol in nearly all writing systems used in the world. It is not limited to English characters or numerical characters, and its current version supports more than 143,000 characters including Emojis.

Inkjet printers work by heating and spraying ink onto the page to create text and images. Unlike laser printers, they do not use lasers for printing. Additionally, inkjet printers do not rely on ink-soaked ribbons like dot matrix printers or light projection like overhead projectors.

Laser printers use toner, a fine powder that gets an electrostatic charge, which is then transferred and fused onto paper using heat and pressure.

Cybercrime refers to illegal activities conducted through the use of technology, such as hacking, phishing, and identity theft.

Botnets are networks of infected computers controlled by a single entity for malicious purposes such as launching DDoS attacks or spreading malware. The correct answer describes how bots are the individual infected computers within a botnet.

Malware is specifically designed to cause harm and can include viruses, worms, trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, and adware.

Computer viruses are malicious software designed to replicate and spread to other computers. They can cause harm by stealing data, damaging files, or disrupting computer operations.

Antivirus software is specifically designed to detect and eradicate viruses to protect your computer from potential harm.

Hackers are individuals who gain unauthorized access to computer systems with malicious intent, different from software engineers, ethical hackers, or system administrators.

White-hat hackers, also known as ethical hackers, are individuals who break into systems with permission and for non-malicious reasons such as testing security vulnerabilities.

Black-hat hackers engage in unauthorized activities for personal or malicious gains, which is in contrast to ethical hacking practices aimed at strengthening cybersecurity measures and collaborating with authorities.

Adware is software that generates revenue for its developer by automatically displaying online advertisements in the software interface itself or on a screen presented to the user during the installation process or while the application is being used.

Spyware is a malicious software that secretly gathers information about a person or organization and sends it to another entity without the user's consent.

Unsolicited emails are commonly referred to as spam because they are sent in bulk, typically advertising products or services. The reason behind sending these emails is that it requires minimal cost and effort due to automation, making it efficient for spammers. They only need a small percentage of recipients to respond to make it profitable, hence the term 'spam'.

Spim is a term used to refer to spam messages specifically targeted at Instant Messaging services.

Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by disguising as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.