Causes And Management Of Flood Quiz

Flooding can be categorized into various types based on the source of water. The most common types are riverine flooding (due to river overflow), coastal flooding (caused by tidal surges or storms on coastal areas), and shallow flooding (resulting from heavy rainfall in low-lying areas).

Flash flooding is particularly deadly due to its rapid onset and unpredictability, catching people off guard. River flooding, coastal flooding, and urban flooding can also cause significant damage and loss of life, but flash flooding is often more lethal.

A meander is a geological term used to describe a winding curve or turn in a river channel typically caused by erosion and sediment deposition.

Coastal flooding is primarily caused by storm surges, which are abnormally high levels of water pushed toward the shore by strong winds and low pressure systems.

Tsunamis are primarily caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanoes that result in the displacement of water. While heavy rainfall and flooding, tectonic plate shifting, and high tides with strong winds can also cause water-related disasters, they do not typically lead to tsunamis.

The correct answer includes specific types of flood hazards, while tornadoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes are not included in the list provided.

Floodplains in an undisturbed condition provide vital services such as natural flood and erosion control, support diverse biologic resources and functions, and offer societal resources and functions. Therefore, increased risk of flooding, decreased biodiversity, and limited recreational opportunities are not benefits associated with undisturbed floodplains.

Floodplain development can have significant impacts on flooding patterns and damage to buildings and infrastructure due to the alteration of natural floodplain dynamics.

The correct answer lists the five main causes of flood damage, which are hydrodynamic forces, debris impact, hydrostatic forces, soaking, and sediment and contaminants. Heavy rainfall, strong winds, and earthquakes may contribute to flooding but are not among the main causes of flood damage.

The correct answer is 3 feet. Even a small amount of standing water can exert significant pressure on the walls of a frame house, causing potential collapse if the water level reaches 3 feet.

Floods can have a wide range of safety and health hazards, including disruptions to public utilities, electrocution risks, water contamination, fire hazards, exposure to germs and mosquitoes, growth of mold and bacteria, contaminated air, and mental health issues. Therefore, it is important to be aware of these risks and take necessary precautions during floods.

Prior to the 1960's, structural flood control projects such as dams, levees, and channelization were the primary methods used to reduce flood losses. These projects aimed to control water flow and mitigate flood damage in vulnerable areas.

Floodplain management aims to find sustainable ways to use floodplains, not to eliminate them or increase risk in flood-prone areas.

Floodplain management aims to mitigate flooding impacts and protect natural resources, not increase risk, ignore environmental impact, or encourage urbanization.

Areas with steep terrain, high amounts of impervious surfaces, and factors that can cause blockage or restriction of water flow are more prone to flash flooding.

Erosion is not limited to coastal areas and can occur in various environments such as riverine areas, mountainous regions, and deserts.

Ponding refers to the collection of stormwater runoff in depressions where it cannot drain out, causing water to pool and potentially lead to localized flooding.

Floodplains provide numerous benefits to various entities, including people, through various means such as food, recreation, scientific research, groundwater recharge, and water quality improvement.

Moving sand and sand dunes can indeed affect flooding by removing a natural barrier that would otherwise protect inland properties from excessive water flow.

Hydrodynamic forces are generated by the motion of water, while hydrostatic forces are due to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest.

Materials such as wood, gypsum wallboard, and furniture are prone to soaking up water during floods, causing irreversible damage. Stainless steel appliances, plastic containers, and concrete walls, on the other hand, are less susceptible to flood damage due to their non-absorbent nature or durability.

Non-structural flood protection measures focus on land use planning, building regulations, and community strategies rather than physical structures like dams and levees. The incorrect answers involve structural measures that physically alter the natural flow of water, which is not in line with non-structural approaches.

The correct strategies focus on reducing vulnerability to floods, minimizing flood impacts, managing flooding itself, and protecting natural resources, while the incorrect answers would worsen flood risks and damages.

The objectives of the NFIP are to transfer costs to floodplain property owners through insurance premiums, provide financial aid, guide development away from flood hazard areas, and ensure buildings are constructed to minimize damage in a flood. The incorrect answers do not align with these objectives.

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) consists of Mapping, Insurance, and Regulations as its three basic parts. Claims Processing, Emergency Response, and Flood Prevention are important aspects related to floods but are not the primary components of NFIP.

NFIP maps are primarily used for regulating construction, rating flood insurance policies, and determining flood insurance requirements for loans and financial assistance.

The correct answer highlights the importance of reducing flood exposure over time through the replacement of older buildings with post-FIRM structures.