Define The Cause And Management Of Flood Quiz

Flooding can be categorized into various types based on the sources of water. The three most common types are riverine flooding (caused by overflowing rivers), coastal flooding (due to storm surges or high tides), and shallow flooding (caused by heavy rainfall and poor drainage).

Flash flooding is particularly dangerous due to its fast onset and powerful force, often catching individuals off guard and leading to a higher number of fatalities compared to other types of flooding.

A meander refers to a curve or turn in a river channel caused by erosion and deposition processes.

Coastal flooding is primarily caused by storm surge, which is an abnormal rise in sea level brought about by a storm, such as a hurricane or tropical storm. While factors like high tide, seawall failure, and heavy rainfall can contribute to coastal flooding, storm surge is often the main cause due to its rapid and significant impact on water levels.

Tsunamis are primarily caused by underwater earthquakes or volcanoes that displace large volumes of water, leading to the formation of powerful waves that can travel long distances across the ocean.

The correct answer includes examples of special flood hazards, while the incorrect answers are natural disasters that are not typically covered in the context of flood hazards.

Floodplains can offer benefits that vary by community, with recreational and environmental benefits being common contributions.

Floodplain development can have detrimental effects on the natural flooding patterns and damage infrastructure and buildings during floods.

Watershed development, especially with an increase in impervious surfaces like concrete, leads to higher runoff levels during rainfall, which in turn results in increased flood levels.

Seawalls can actually worsen erosion over time by disrupting natural coastal processes.

The correct answer includes specific factors like hydrodynamic forces, debris impact, hydrostatic forces, soaking, and sediment and contamination that are directly related to flood damage. Earthquake shakes, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, while may contribute indirectly, are not the main causes of flood damage.

The correct answer is 3 feet because at this depth, the pressure exerted by the water can be enough to weaken the structural integrity of the walls of a frame house, potentially causing them to collapse.

The incorrect answers do not accurately reflect the safety and health hazards associated with floods. Slippery sidewalks may be a hazard during or after floods, but it is not as significant as the other hazards listed in the correct answer.

Prior to the 1960's, the primary way to reduce flood losses was through the implementation of structural flood control projects such as dams, levees, and channels. These projects were designed to mitigate the impact of flooding by diverting, storing, or controlling the flow of water in a watershed.

Floodplain management involves making informed decisions to ensure the sustainable and responsible use of floodplains, considering both human development and environmental conservation.

Floodplain management aims to protect human life, reduce damage from floods, and maintain the natural functions of floodplains.

Flash flooding is more likely to occur in areas with characteristics that can quickly lead to excessive runoff and water accumulation. Hilly areas with steep slopes, urban areas with high amounts of impervious surfaces, and areas near dams or susceptible to ice jams are all more prone to flash flooding compared to flat areas with wide rivers, areas with dense vegetation and good drainage, and coastal areas with gentle slopes.

Erosion can occur in various forms such as ravine erosion, sheet erosion, etc., affecting different types of landscapes beyond just coastal areas.

Ponding refers to the accumulation of stormwater runoff in low-lying areas without proper drainage, leading to standing water.

Filling in the floodplain reduces the natural storage capacity of the land, leading to increased water flow downstream during heavy rains and potentially causing more severe flooding in areas further down the river.

Moving sand and sand dunes can disrupt the natural barrier that protects inland properties from flooding, increasing the risk of flooding events.

Hydrodynamic forces are caused by the movement of water, while hydrostatic forces are caused by the pressure exerted by stationary water.

Materials like wood, gypsum wallboard, furniture, and upholstery tend to absorb water readily, making them susceptible to flood damage by soaking. Metal tools, plastic containers, and ceramic dishes are less likely to be damaged by water exposure in comparison.

The correct answer includes measures that focus on restricting or adapting development in flood-prone areas to reduce vulnerability to flooding. Building dams and levees, constructing storm shelters, and implementing evacuations are considered structural or emergency response measures, rather than non-structural preventative measures.

The NFIP aims to shift the cost burden of flood losses to floodplain property owners through insurance premiums, provide financial aid after floods, guide development away from flood hazard areas, and require constructions that minimize flood damage. The incorrect answers do not align with the primary objectives of the NFIP.

The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) consists of three basic parts: insurance, mapping, and regulations. These components work together to help communities prepare for and recover from floods. While other aspects such as flood control or claims processing may be related, they are not the three core components of the NFIP.

The correct answer outlines the various entities that utilize NFIP for different purposes such as regulation, insurance rating, and loan conditions. The incorrect answers provide misleading information that does not align with the actual usage of NFIP.

The correct answer emphasizes the need to replace older pre-FIRM buildings with post-FIRM buildings to reduce flood damage exposure over time, leading to a community with structures less susceptible to flood damage.