Química Orgânica - Introdução E Nomenclatura

1. Na fabricação de tecidos de algodão, a adição de compostos do tipo N-haloamina confere a eles propriedades biocidas, matando até bactérias que produzem mau cheiro. O grande responsável por tal efeito é o cloro presente nesses compostos.

A cadeia carbônica da N-haloamina acima representada pode ser classificada como:

heterogênea, saturada, ramificada

heterogênea, insaturada, normal

homogênea, saturada, normal

homogênea, insaturada, ramificada

heterogênea, insaturada, ramificada

The carbon chain of the N-haloamine compound is classified as heterogenous because it contains different types of atoms (nitrogen and chlorine) in addition to carbon. It is classified as saturated because it contains only single bonds between carbon atoms, meaning it is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Lastly, it is classified as ramified because it has branches or side chains attached to the main carbon chain.

Explanation

The carbon chain of the N-haloamine compound is classified as heterogenous because it contains different types of atoms (nitrogen and chlorine) in addition to carbon. It is classified as saturated because it contains only single bonds between carbon atoms, meaning it is fully saturated with hydrogen atoms. Lastly, it is classified as ramified because it has branches or side chains attached to the main carbon chain.

2. Ao composto

foi dado erroneamente o nome de 4-propilpent-2-eno. O nome correto é:

4-propilpent-2-ino

4-metilept-1-eno

2-propilpent-4-eno

2-propilpent-4-ino

4-metilept-1-ano

The correct answer is 4-metilept-1-eno. The compound is named based on the longest carbon chain, which is pentene. The prefix "4-metil" indicates that there is a methyl group attached to the fourth carbon of the chain. The suffix "-eno" indicates that there is a double bond present between the second and third carbons of the chain.

Explanation

The correct answer is 4-metilept-1-eno. The compound is named based on the longest carbon chain, which is pentene. The prefix "4-metil" indicates that there is a methyl group attached to the fourth carbon of the chain. The suffix "-eno" indicates that there is a double bond present between the second and third carbons of the chain.

3. O composto de fórmula:

apresenta quantos carbonos primários, secundários, terciários e quaternários, respectivamente?

5, 5, 2 e 1

5, 4, 3 e 1

7, 4, 1 e 1

6, 4, 1 e 2

7, 3, 1 e 2

The compound with the given formula has 7 primary carbons, 4 secondary carbons, 1 tertiary carbon, and 1 quaternary carbon.

Explanation

The compound with the given formula has 7 primary carbons, 4 secondary carbons, 1 tertiary carbon, and 1 quaternary carbon.

4. Para a estrutura:

o nome oficial (nomenclatura IUPAC) é:

2,3-dimetilpentano

1,1,2-trimetilbutano

2-metil-3etilbutano

2-etil-3metilbutano

1,1-dimetil-2-etil-propano

The correct answer is 2,3-dimetilpentano because it follows the IUPAC nomenclature rules for naming organic compounds. In this compound, there are two methyl groups (2,3-dimethyl) attached to a pentane chain, which contains five carbon atoms. The position of the methyl groups is indicated by the numbers 2 and 3, and the suffix "-ane" is used to indicate that it is an alkane.

Explanation

The correct answer is 2,3-dimetilpentano because it follows the IUPAC nomenclature rules for naming organic compounds. In this compound, there are two methyl groups (2,3-dimethyl) attached to a pentane chain, which contains five carbon atoms. The position of the methyl groups is indicated by the numbers 2 and 3, and the suffix "-ane" is used to indicate that it is an alkane.

5. A fórmula estrutural simplificada para um alceno é representada abaixo:

Esse alceno é o:

hept-2-eno

hex-2-eno

hex-1,2-dieno

hex-2,5-dieno

hex-1,4-dieno

The given structural formula for the alkene shows a double bond between the first and fourth carbon atoms in the hexane chain. This is indicated by the "hex-1,4-dieno" option. The other options do not have a double bond at the correct position.

Explanation

The given structural formula for the alkene shows a double bond between the first and fourth carbon atoms in the hexane chain. This is indicated by the "hex-1,4-dieno" option. The other options do not have a double bond at the correct position.

6. As auxinas correspondem a um grupo de substâncias que agem no crescimento das plantas e controlam muitas outras atividades fisiológicas. Foram os primeiros hormônios descobertos nos vegetais. A auxina natural do vegetal é o ácido indolacético (AIA), um composto orgânico simples, com a seguinte fórmula estrutural:

A auxina possui em sua fórmula molecular:

10 átomos de carbono, 11 átomos de hidrogênio, 2 átomos de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio.

10 átomos de carbono, 11 átomos de hidrogênio, 1 átomo de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio.

10 átomos de carbono, 9 átomos de hidrogênio, 2 átomos de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio.

11 átomos de carbono, 8 átomos de hidrogênio, 1 átomo de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio.

10 átomos de carbono, 10 átomos de hidrogênio, 1 átomo de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio.

The correct answer is "10 átomos de carbono, 9 átomos de hidrogênio, 2 átomos de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio." The explanation for this answer is that the formula for the natural auxin in plants, which is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is C10H9NO2. This means that it contains 10 carbon atoms, 9 hydrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms, and 1 nitrogen atom.

Explanation

The correct answer is "10 átomos de carbono, 9 átomos de hidrogênio, 2 átomos de oxigênio e 1 átomo de nitrogênio." The explanation for this answer is that the formula for the natural auxin in plants, which is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is C10H9NO2. This means that it contains 10 carbon atoms, 9 hydrogen atoms, 2 oxygen atoms, and 1 nitrogen atom.

7. Retirando-se um dos hidrogênios do metano e colocando-se o radical terc-butil, tem-se a fórmula do:

2,3-dimetilbutano

pentano

butano

dimetilpropano

2-metilbutano

By replacing one hydrogen atom in methane with a tert-butyl radical, the resulting compound is called dimethylpropane. This is because there are two methyl groups (dimethyl) attached to a propane backbone, which consists of three carbon atoms.

Explanation

By replacing one hydrogen atom in methane with a tert-butyl radical, the resulting compound is called dimethylpropane. This is because there are two methyl groups (dimethyl) attached to a propane backbone, which consists of three carbon atoms.

8. O número de átomos de carbonos secundários presentes na estrutura do hidrocarboneto naftaleno é:

2

4

6

8

10

The correct answer is 8 because the naftaleno molecule has two benzene rings fused together, each containing 4 carbon atoms. Since each benzene ring contributes 2 secondary carbon atoms, the total number of secondary carbon atoms in naftaleno is 2 x 4 = 8.

Explanation

The correct answer is 8 because the naftaleno molecule has two benzene rings fused together, each containing 4 carbon atoms. Since each benzene ring contributes 2 secondary carbon atoms, the total number of secondary carbon atoms in naftaleno is 2 x 4 = 8.

9. No composto

os radicais ligados ao carbono quaternário, em vermelho, são, seguindo sentido horário a partir da esquerda, respectivamente:

isobutil, sec-butil, terc-butil e butil

terc-butil, isobutil, butil e sec-butil

sec-butil, butil, isobutil e terc-butil

terc-butil, sec-butil, isobutil e butil

butil, terc-butil, sec-butil e isobutil

The correct answer is butil, terc-butil, sec-butil, and isobutil. This is because the question asks for the order of the radicals attached to the quaternary carbon, in a clockwise direction starting from the left. The first radical attached is butil, followed by terc-butil, sec-butil, and finally isobutil.

Explanation

The correct answer is butil, terc-butil, sec-butil, and isobutil. This is because the question asks for the order of the radicals attached to the quaternary carbon, in a clockwise direction starting from the left. The first radical attached is butil, followed by terc-butil, sec-butil, and finally isobutil.

10. A mascalura é um feromônio utilizado pela mosca doméstica para atrair os machos, marcar trilhas e outras atividades. Sua fórmula estrutural é:

Todas as alternativas abaixo são corretas, EXCETO:

É um composto insaturado de cadeia normal.

Não é um composto heterogêneo de cadeia saturada.

Não é um composto heterogêneo de cadeia normal.

Não é um composto acíclico de cadeia normal.

É um composto acíclico de cadeia homogênea.

The correct answer is "Não é um composto acíclico de cadeia normal." This is because the given compound is described as "acíclico" (acyclic), meaning it does not have a cyclic structure. However, it is not described as "normal" (normal), which implies that it has a straight chain structure. Therefore, the compound is not acyclic with a normal chain.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Não é um composto acíclico de cadeia normal." This is because the given compound is described as "acíclico" (acyclic), meaning it does not have a cyclic structure. However, it is not described as "normal" (normal), which implies that it has a straight chain structure. Therefore, the compound is not acyclic with a normal chain.