EXAMEN FISIOLOGIA RENAL

1. Las células intercaladas contienen las bombas de protones y los transportadores de HCO3; se ocupan de la formación de HCO3 y su envio al torrente sanguíneo.

True

False

The statement is true because intercalated cells in the kidneys are responsible for the formation of bicarbonate (HCO3) and its release into the bloodstream. These cells contain proton pumps and HCO3 transporters, which actively transport protons out of the cell and bicarbonate into the bloodstream. This process helps regulate the pH balance in the body and maintain proper bicarbonate levels.

Explanation

The statement is true because intercalated cells in the kidneys are responsible for the formation of bicarbonate (HCO3) and its release into the bloodstream. These cells contain proton pumps and HCO3 transporters, which actively transport protons out of the cell and bicarbonate into the bloodstream. This process helps regulate the pH balance in the body and maintain proper bicarbonate levels.

2. La médula renal es más suceptible a la isquemia

True

False

The renal medulla is more susceptible to ischemia because it has a higher metabolic demand and is located farther away from the oxygen-rich blood supply in the renal cortex. This makes it more vulnerable to a decrease in blood flow and oxygen delivery, leading to ischemic injury.

Explanation

The renal medulla is more susceptible to ischemia because it has a higher metabolic demand and is located farther away from the oxygen-rich blood supply in the renal cortex. This makes it more vulnerable to a decrease in blood flow and oxygen delivery, leading to ischemic injury.

3. La aldosterona produce reabsorción de K

True

False

The statement "La aldosterona produce reabsorción de K" is false. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. It promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys, not the other way around. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation

The statement "La aldosterona produce reabsorción de K" is false. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. It promotes the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys, not the other way around. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

4. Al aumentar el tono vascular de la arteriola aferente se produce una disminución de la presión hidrostática vascular y por tanto un aumento de la filtración glomerular

True

False

Increasing the vascular tone of the afferent arteriole would actually increase the hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature, leading to an increase in glomerular filtration. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.

Explanation

Increasing the vascular tone of the afferent arteriole would actually increase the hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature, leading to an increase in glomerular filtration. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.

5. La furosemida actúa bloqueando:

El cotransportador Na/K/Cl en el túbulo contorneado distal

El simportador Na/Cl en en asa descendente de Henle

El cotransportador Na/K/Cl en el asa ascendente de Henle

El simportador Na/Cl en el túbulo contorneado distal

The correct answer is "El cotransportador Na/K/Cl en el asa ascendente de Henle." This is because furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. It inhibits the Na/K/Cl cotransporter in this segment, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. This mechanism of action is responsible for its diuretic effect.

Explanation

The correct answer is "El cotransportador Na/K/Cl en el asa ascendente de Henle." This is because furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily acts on the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney. It inhibits the Na/K/Cl cotransporter in this segment, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. This mechanism of action is responsible for its diuretic effect.

6. Los siguientes factores producen un aumento de la sed, excepto:

Aumento de la osmolaridad plasmática

Disminución del volumen sanguíneo

Disminución de la angiotensina II

Disminución de la presión arterial

La angiotensina II es una hormona que actúa como vasoconstrictor y estimula la sed. Por lo tanto, una disminución de la angiotensina II no produciría un aumento de la sed. Los otros factores mencionados, como el aumento de la osmolaridad plasmática, la disminución del volumen sanguíneo y la disminución de la presión arterial, pueden activar los mecanismos de la sed para mantener el equilibrio hídrico en el organismo.

Explanation

La angiotensina II es una hormona que actúa como vasoconstrictor y estimula la sed. Por lo tanto, una disminución de la angiotensina II no produciría un aumento de la sed. Los otros factores mencionados, como el aumento de la osmolaridad plasmática, la disminución del volumen sanguíneo y la disminución de la presión arterial, pueden activar los mecanismos de la sed para mantener el equilibrio hídrico en el organismo.

7. La angiotensina II produce vasoconstricción de la arteriola aferente

True

False

Angiotensin II actually produces vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, not the afferent arteriole. This vasoconstriction helps to increase blood pressure and maintain glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys. So, the correct answer is False.

Explanation

Angiotensin II actually produces vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, not the afferent arteriole. This vasoconstriction helps to increase blood pressure and maintain glomerular filtration rate in the kidneys. So, the correct answer is False.

8. Describa que cambios ocurre sobre los siguientes parámetros en la diabetes insípida

Osmolaridad plasmática

Osmolaridad urinaria

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Examen Fisiologia Renal