Exercícios Para Prova De SiSTEMas DistribuíDOS

The statement "A segurança é um desafio de sistemas distribuídos" translates to "Security is a challenge for distributed systems." This statement is true because distributed systems, which consist of multiple interconnected components, face unique security challenges. These challenges include ensuring secure communication, protecting against unauthorized access, and maintaining data integrity across the distributed network. Therefore, it is accurate to say that security is indeed a challenge for distributed systems.

The given correct answer is "Certo" which means "Correct" in Portuguese.

A distributed system is a collection of autonomous systems interconnected by a communication network, which differs from loosely coupled systems by having a stronger relationship between its components. These components can be located in a local network or a distributed network, and the types of operating systems that compose the distributed system do not necessarily need to be homogeneous.

The function of a transaction monitor is to coordinate the execution of processes. This means that it is responsible for ensuring that different processes are executed in the correct order and that they are properly synchronized. The transaction monitor acts as a central point of control, overseeing the flow of transactions and ensuring that they are executed correctly and efficiently.

In the client-server model, there is a clear hierarchy between the components. The server component is responsible for providing services or resources to the client component, which requests and utilizes these services. The server component is typically more powerful and has more resources than the client component. Therefore, the statement "No modelo cliente x servidor não existe hierarquia entre os componentes" (In the client-server model, there is no hierarchy between the components) is false.

The correct answer is "I e II" which means "I and II" in English. This suggests that the true statements about architecture models are that they include both client-server and peer-to-peer architectures.

A distributed system has advantages over a non-distributed system such as speed, fault tolerance, and incremental growth. However, simplified security is not included in these advantages.

The correct answer states that fault masking is responsible for hiding the fault from users. Fault masking refers to the technique of preventing users from being aware of a fault or failure in a system. This can be achieved through various means such as redundancy, fault tolerance, and error handling mechanisms. By masking faults, users are shielded from experiencing disruptions or errors, ensuring a seamless and uninterrupted user experience.

The correct answer is "esconder a latência; distribuição; replicação". This is because hiding latency refers to minimizing the delay or waiting time in a system, which improves scalability by making the system more responsive. Distribution involves spreading the workload across multiple nodes or servers, allowing for better resource utilization and increased scalability. Replication involves creating copies of data or services across multiple nodes, which improves fault tolerance and scalability by allowing for load balancing and redundancy.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the statement is incorrect. The advantages mentioned in the passage are actually the advantages of distributed architecture, not the disadvantages. The passage states that the advantages of distributed architecture include resource sharing, concurrency, and centralized access for protection. Therefore, the correct answer is "Errado" (Wrong).

Em um cluster, não há necessariamente a melhoria do desempenho. Um cluster é um conjunto de computadores interconectados que trabalham juntos para realizar uma tarefa. Embora a distribuição de carga possa melhorar o desempenho em certos casos, nem todas as aplicações se beneficiam dessa configuração. Além disso, a eficiência de um cluster depende de vários fatores, como a natureza da tarefa, a capacidade de comunicação entre os nós do cluster e a eficiência do algoritmo de divisão de trabalho. Portanto, não é correto afirmar que a melhoria do desempenho é uma característica necessária de um cluster.

The given question is asking about the models of architecture that do not belong. The options provided are: Model of interaction, Model of failure, Model of security, and Model of network. The correct answer is "Model of network" because it does not fit into the category of architectural models. The other options, such as the Model of interaction, Model of failure, and Model of security, are all relevant and commonly used architectural models.

XML is a format for creating documents with hierarchically organized data. It is commonly used because it is portable and independent of hardware or software platforms. This means that a database can write data to an XML file using an application, and another separate database can then read the same data from that XML file.

In a grid computation, it is correct to say that both statement I and II are true. Statement I states that sequential programming has an advantage in grid computation, which means that it is more efficient to execute tasks in a sequential manner. Statement II states that vector computation has an advantage over traditional computation, indicating that using vectors can improve the performance and efficiency of the computations. Therefore, both statements I and II are true in the context of grid computation.

The given statement is incorrect. The correct answer is "Errado" which means "False" in Portuguese. The statement suggests that GRID computing supports the execution of parallel applications that can be accessed independently of their physical location. However, this is not true as GRID computing involves the use of distributed heterogeneous resources, but the physical location of these resources can still affect their accessibility and performance.

The question is asking which layer is not part of cloud computing. Cloud computing involves different layers such as hardware, software, infrastructure, and platform. However, software is not a layer in cloud computing but rather an essential component that runs on top of the other layers. Therefore, software is the correct answer as it is not a separate layer in cloud computing.