Quiz História (4º Bimestre)

The given statement is true. The passage explains that the trade of enslaved workers was one of the aspects of internal trade in the Colony. African individuals were brought to the ports and kept in barracks for some time to recover their weight and heal the wounds and other consequences caused by the transatlantic crossing. When they were in better physical condition, they were taken to the market, where labor was bought and sold.

Durante o período colonial do Brasil, a economia açucareira foi de fato uma das principais características. Os portugueses já possuíam conhecimento e experiência no comércio de açúcar, e para financiar a construção dos engenhos, eles fizeram uma aliança com os holandeses. Essa parceria permitiu o desenvolvimento da produção de açúcar em larga escala, transformando-o no principal produto de exportação do Brasil colonial. Portanto, a afirmação de que a economia açucareira foi uma das principais características do Brasil colonial é verdadeira.

The correct answer explains that the bandeirantes played a role in expanding the Brazilian frontier, but also committed atrocities against the indigenous people. This is supported by the passage, which mentions that the bandeirantes hunted and enslaved indigenous people, using violence and cruelty. It also states that the indigenous people did not want to go with them and were forced. The answer acknowledges the dual nature of the bandeirantes' actions, recognizing their contribution to expansion while also acknowledging the harm they caused.

The correct answer is "os escravizados realizavam todos os tipos de atividades nos engenhos, vilas e cidades." This answer is supported by the information provided in the image, which states that the enslaved individuals performed various types of activities in the sugar mills, villages, and cities. This suggests that their labor was not limited to a specific area or task, but rather they were involved in a wide range of activities across different locations.

The text is about the initial administration of the Portuguese Atlantic domains, first in the Atlantic islands and then in Brazil and Angola. It describes a system that was based on the Portuguese feudal lordship of the late Middle Ages, adapted to the overseas context. This system involved granting extensive domains, revenues, and privileges to individuals, including attributes of sovereignty such as the right to establish settlements, appoint officials, collect taxes, and administer justice. This system allowed for the exploitation of the colonies without burdening the State. This aligns with the concept of Capitanias Hereditárias, where large land grants were given to Portuguese nobles in Brazil.

The text states that the lists of triennial voting were compiled confidentially by six elected representatives, chosen by an assembly of wealthy and respectable heads of households who were eligible to vote. These individuals, collectively known as "homens bons" (good men), were recognized for their social position. Therefore, the correct answer is that the members of the municipal councils were the rich and powerful, usually landowners involved in profitable activities such as sugar production.

The fact that the captaincy of Pernambuco achieved reasonable development is due to the fact that they invested in the cultivation of sugarcane and the production of sugar. This was a profitable venture as sugar was in high demand in Europe at the time. By focusing on the production of sugar, Pernambuco was able to generate significant economic growth and establish itself as one of the most prosperous captaincies in Brazil.

During the Colonial Period, the position of greatest social prominence was that of the "senhor de engenho" (sugar mill owner) because they enjoyed a high level of respect and obedience from others.

Durante as três primeiras décadas da presença portuguesa na América, a extração de pau-brasil foi a principal atividade econômica. Essa extração utilizou a mão de obra dos povos indígenas, que trabalhavam em troca da obtenção de alguns objetos, como facas e machados.

The correct answer is the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided the newly discovered and undiscovered lands between Spain and Portugal, using the Cape Verde archipelago as a reference point. This treaty was mediated by Pope Alexander VI and aimed to prevent conflicts between the two countries over their expanding territories during the Age of Discovery.

The Portuguese sought to reach the East in order to increase their trade and also the profits of the merchants and the State. This is evident from the text, which states that the Portuguese were inspired by the trade of African pepper to intensify their explorations with the aim of building a Lusitanian empire of pepper. The ultimate goal was to participate in the lucrative trade of Indian pepper, which was more expensive and better accepted than African pepper. Therefore, their objective was to expand their trade and increase their profits.

The text suggests that the effective colonization of Brazil is related to the threat of other kingdoms occupying the colony. This implies that Portugal felt the need to establish a more organized and structured system of governance, such as the hereditary captaincies, in order to secure their control over the territory and prevent other European powers from taking over.

The correct answer is "o alto custo dessas viagens ultramarinas." The passage mentions that the trade with the Indies had cost a lot to the royal treasury. This suggests that the high cost of these overseas voyages was the reason for the crisis in Portugal's trade with the Indies.

The correct answer is "A produção do açúcar só seria lucrativa se ocorresse em grande quantidade." This is supported by the statement in the passage that the main crop cultivated in large farms was sugarcane, indicating that the profitability of sugar production depended on large-scale cultivation.

The correct answer is "Representa a formação de vilas no litoral brasileiro, que foram incentivadas pelas políticas da Coroa portuguesa." This is because the map represents the formation of towns along the Brazilian coast, which were encouraged by the policies of the Portuguese Crown.

The correct answer is "o fim da supremacia de Gênova e Veneza no comércio de especiarias." The passage states that Venice obtained its prestige and wealth through its maritime trade, particularly in spices. The arrival of the Portuguese in India disrupted this trade, leading to the decline of Venice's dominance in the spice trade.

The correct answer is "Todas as afirmativas são verdadeiras" (All statements are true). The explanation for this answer is that the creation of the Governo-Geral was indeed aimed at centralizing the administration of the colony, as it was under the threat of invasion by other European peoples (Statement I). The Governor-General held the highest authority and appointed trusted individuals to assist in colonial administration (Statement II). The laws to be applied were approved by the "homens bons" (good men), who were landowners participating in the Câmara dos Vereadores (Statement III). Therefore, all statements are true.

Portugal estava particularmente interessado no comércio com a Índia, que garantia bons lucros com as especiarias. Durante as primeiras décadas do século XVI, a Coroa Portuguesa buscava estabelecer rotas marítimas para chegar às Índias e monopolizar o comércio de especiarias, como pimenta, cravo e canela. Essas especiarias eram muito valorizadas na Europa e havia uma demanda crescente por elas. O comércio com a Índia proporcionava grandes lucros para Portugal, impulsionando sua política colonial nessa época.

Transposing the Cape of Storms (Cabo das Tormentas) meant a "good hope" for the Portuguese because it increased their chances of finding an alternative route to the East. By navigating around the southern tip of Africa, they could potentially bypass the dangerous and costly overland routes controlled by the Ottomans and establish direct trade with the lucrative markets of the East. This would give them a competitive advantage and access to valuable goods such as spices, silk, and precious metals.

The correct answer is "Apenas a afirmativa II é verdadeira." This means that only statement II is true. The statement mentions that the first proposal of the government was to send the first families in an expedition organized by Martim Afonso de Sousa. This expedition also brought herds and the first sugar cane seedlings. Initially, these families settled in a place called Vila de São Vicente. This statement accurately describes the early colonization of Brazil.

The correct answer is "Os escravizados resistiam à imposição do trabalho escravo." This is supported by the statement in the text that the enslaved individuals often preferred fasting and deprivation over the work that was expected of them, and that coercion and fear were necessary to make them fulfill their tasks. This suggests that they resisted and were not willing participants in the system of slavery and forced labor.

During the early 16th century, the Portuguese royalty invested a significant portion of their wealth from maritime trade in extravagant parties and displays of wealth. This suggests that they prioritized enjoying their riches and showcasing their opulence rather than focusing on other aspects such as strengthening the economy, improving administration, producing goods for trade, or promoting social equality.

The correct answer is that the Portuguese classified the presence of other nations in Brazilian territory as an act of invasion, and the creation of coast guard expeditions was one of the measures taken by the Portuguese to protect Brazilian territory from foreign presence in the 16th century. This is supported by the information in the text, which states that the French attempted to occupy Portuguese lands in Brazil, and the Portuguese considered this a violation of the Treaty of Tordesillas.

The answer is correct because it aligns with the information provided in the passage. It states that indigenous allies of the Paulistas also participated in capturing groups living in the forests, which is supported by the statement that Debret represents a typical scene of capturing indigenous people. Additionally, the answer correctly identifies that Debret's use of the term "selvagens" in the title of the artwork reflects the prevailing view of indigenous people at the time. Lastly, it correctly interprets Debret's representation of the indigenous people being tied up as a result of their resistance to enslavement.

The answer is correct because it states that the engenho (sugar mill) was composed of various buildings such as the owner's house, the slave quarters, and the chapel. This is true as the engenho was a complex that included these structures. Additionally, the answer correctly states that there were also free workers in the engenho, which is true as not all laborers were enslaved individuals.

The correct answer is that the control of areas producing sugar was a major motivator for the Dutch presence in Brazil, and that Count João Maurício de Nassau-Siegen was one of the main Dutch rulers to operate in Brazil. This is supported by the historical context provided by Charles Boxer, who states that the Dutch decided to go to war overseas and attack the Iberian enemies in their colonial possessions that provided them with economic resources. As Portugal was the weaker member, it inevitably suffered more than Spain from the blows unleashed by the superior maritime power of the Dutch. The Dutch were interested in exploiting the economic resources of Brazil, particularly the sugar production, which explains their establishment of settlements and the presence of rulers like Count João Maurício de Nassau-Siegen.

A resposta correta é uma combinação das três alternativas verdadeiras fornecidas. O açúcar era uma especiaria cara e as primeiras mudas foram trazidas por Martim Afonso de Sousa. A produção e o comércio de açúcar despertaram o interesse dos holandeses, que invadiram áreas do litoral brasileiro produtoras dessa especiaria. Além disso, a colonização do Brasil era muito cara para os cofres portugueses, então eles adotaram o sistema de Capitanias Hereditárias como uma forma de privatizar a colonização.

The correct answer is "As expedições eram muito desgastantes porque poderiam durar anos em situações pouco favoráveis." This is supported by the information in the passage, which states that Raposo Tavares wandered through the forest for three years and returned to São Paulo impoverished and disfigured. This suggests that the expedition was long and challenging. The answer "Os conflitos com os indígenas eram constantes já que eles, naturalmente, resistiam à ideia de serem escravizados" is also correct, as the passage mentions that Raposo Tavares was rejected by the Jesuits and their Indians and pursued by the Paiaguá Indians. The answer "Pode-se afirmar que o documento 2 critica a visão de que os bandeirantes paulistas eram heróis aventureiros que enfrentavam e venciam todos os obstáculos" is also supported by the passage, which describes Raposo Tavares as a man who returned as a failure and a shadow of his former self.

The passage describes the process of sugar production in the engenho, which was a labor-intensive and complex process. The slaves were responsible for cutting the sugarcane, transporting it to the engenho, and producing the sugar under the direction of technicians and artisans. The work routine in the engenho was described as exhausting, and the conditions were considered to be very precarious. As a result of these harsh conditions, the life expectancy of the enslaved workers was low. Additionally, having an engenho required significant investments in equipment and labor. Therefore, the statements "A rotina de trabalho no engenho era estafante e as condições bastante precárias" (The work routine in the engenho was exhausting and the conditions were quite precarious), "Em decorrência das condições de trabalho nos engenhos, a expectativa de vida dos escravizados era baixa" (As a result of the working conditions in the engenho, the life expectancy of the enslaved workers was low), and "Ter um engenho demandava altos investimentos em equipamentos e mão de obra" (Having an engenho required significant investments in equipment and labor) are all true based on the information provided in the passage.

The correct answer states that the first villages and cities were concentrated in the coastal region to avoid foreign invasions. This is because the coastal areas were easier to defend and provided better access to trade routes and resources. The answer also mentions that the cities grew following the structures of medieval Europe, with villages surrounding churches and narrow streets. Additionally, it states that religious festivals were the main moments of gathering for the populations living in the villages and cities. Lastly, it mentions that cities near ports had a slave trade and grew without urban planning.

The correct answer choices explain the characteristics of elite colonial families. The first statement states that the senhor de engenho (sugar mill owner) was considered the head of the family and everyone had to obey him, indicating the patriarchal structure of these families. The second statement suggests that only the owner, his wife, and their children lived on the sugar mills, implying their privileged lifestyle. The third statement states that the more people depended on the protection of the senhor de engenho, the more prestige he had, highlighting the power dynamics within these families. The last statement mentions that the sugar society had limited social mobility, indicating the lack of opportunities for upward social mobility.

The factors that contributed to the failure of the hereditary captaincies were the lack of resources of some donatários, the fear of Spanish invasions, the resistance of the indigenous population, the vast extent of land to be administered, the presence of tropical diseases, and the possibility of not finding any wealth. These challenges made it difficult for the donatários to establish and maintain successful colonies in the captaincies.

The correct answer is a combination of statements that are supported by the information given in the passage. The passage mentions that the table contains data related to indigenous slaves, indicating that there was a significant trade in indigenous slaves in São Paulo during the 17th century. It also mentions that the bandeirantes captured the most indigenous slaves between 1630 and 1680, suggesting that this was the period of highest capture. Additionally, it states that the paulistas preferred indigenous slaves because they were cheaper than African slaves. Finally, it mentions that many of the indigenous slaves were acquired through expeditions known as "monções." Therefore, the correct answer is a combination of these statements.

The correct answer is A escravização era bem aceita pela sociedade, pois comumente até as famílias não tão ricas tinham escravizados. This is supported by the statement in Documento 2 that depicts a mother from a low-income family sitting on a marquesa, while in Documento 3, it is mentioned that women's main responsibility was to take care of the household and not leave without necessity or permission from their husbands. This suggests that owning enslaved individuals was common and accepted in society, even among families of lower socioeconomic status. Additionally, the statement about children born to enslaved mothers being considered as property of the slaveholding family further reinforces the acceptance of slavery in society.