Set 7 : Sem I

The correct answer is "ayah si mati" because in most cases, the next of kin who is eligible to claim the death certificate is the deceased person's closest living relative, which is usually their parents. Since Cik K is not married or has any children mentioned, her father would be the appropriate person to claim the death certificate.

The correct answer is to stop the infusion and remove the cannula. The swelling and coolness at the insertion site may indicate infiltration, which occurs when the infused fluid leaks into the surrounding tissues instead of entering the bloodstream. Infiltration can cause tissue damage and compromise the effectiveness of the infusion. Therefore, it is important to stop the infusion and remove the cannula to prevent further complications.

During the administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), the instruction that should be given to the patient is to let the medication dissolve slowly under the tongue. This is because GTN is a sublingual medication, meaning it is absorbed through the blood vessels under the tongue. Allowing it to dissolve slowly under the tongue ensures optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication.

The correct answer is 7.35 - 7.45. The buffer system helps maintain the pH balance in the blood within this range. A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when an acid or base is added to it. In the human body, the buffer system consists of various chemicals, such as bicarbonate ions, that can accept or donate hydrogen ions to maintain the pH balance. This range of pH is important for the proper functioning of enzymes and other biological processes in the body.

The first phase in the nursing process is assessment. Assessment involves gathering information about the patient's health status, including their physical, emotional, and social well-being. This is done through various methods such as interviewing the patient, conducting physical examinations, and reviewing medical records. Assessment is crucial as it helps the nurse to identify the patient's needs, establish a baseline for comparison, and develop a comprehensive care plan. It sets the foundation for the subsequent phases of planning, implementation, and evaluation in the nursing process.

The correct answer is to stop the blood transfusion immediately. This is because the patient is experiencing symptoms such as back pain, feeling cold, and difficulty breathing, which could indicate a transfusion reaction or adverse event. Stopping the transfusion is crucial to prevent further complications and ensure the safety of the patient.

Resting completely on the bed is the appropriate nursing intervention for a patient experiencing threatened abortion. This is because rest helps to reduce physical activity and stress, which can help prevent further complications and promote the continuation of the pregnancy. Providing extra fluids, taking vital signs, and giving ergometrine injection are not the appropriate interventions for threatened abortion.

The correct answer is "puasakan pesakit 6-8 jam." This means that the nurse's responsibility before performing a bronchoscopy procedure is to ensure that the patient fasts for 6-8 hours. Fasting is necessary to prevent aspiration during the procedure, as it involves inserting a tube into the patient's airway. By fasting, the patient's stomach will be empty, reducing the risk of vomiting and aspiration. This is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and success of the bronchoscopy procedure.

The specific clinical manifestation that may be shown in a patient with Hodgkin's disease is the enlargement of lymph nodes. This is because Hodgkin's disease is a type of lymphoma that affects the lymphatic system, causing abnormal growth of lymphocytes and leading to the enlargement of lymph nodes. Other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and weight gain may also be present, but the most specific manifestation is the enlargement of lymph nodes.

G6PD deficiency is a genetic condition that affects the red blood cells. People with this deficiency have a reduced ability to break down certain substances, including those found in fava beans (kacang parang). When individuals with G6PD deficiency consume these substances, it can lead to the destruction of their red blood cells, a process known as hemolysis. This can result in symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Therefore, individuals with G6PD deficiency are advised to avoid consuming fava beans to prevent hemolysis.

The purpose of inserting ribbon gauze into a rectouterine fistula is to absorb exudates. Exudates are fluids, such as pus or discharge, that are produced as a result of inflammation or infection. By absorbing the exudates, the ribbon gauze helps to keep the area clean and promote healing. It also helps to prevent the exudates from spreading and causing contamination of feces.

The correct answer is "Asesmen, masalah kejururawatan, perancangan, intervensi dan penilaian". This is the correct order of the nursing process, which involves assessing the patient's condition, identifying nursing problems, planning interventions, implementing the interventions, and evaluating the outcomes.

The correct answer is "beri privacy semasa dressing" because clients with body image disturbances may feel embarrassed or self-conscious about their appearance. Providing privacy during dressing allows them to maintain their dignity and reduces any potential feelings of shame or discomfort. It also promotes a trusting and respectful relationship between the client and the healthcare provider.

The correct answer is "mengimbangkan tekanan udara luar dengan dalam." The eustachian tube in the middle ear helps to equalize the pressure between the outer and inner ear. This is important because changes in air pressure can cause discomfort and affect the functioning of the eardrum. By opening and closing the eustachian tube, the pressure on both sides of the eardrum can be balanced, allowing it to vibrate properly and maintain normal hearing.

Karbon dioksida (CO2) adalah bahan yang terdapat dalam darah dan merangsang pusat pernafasan. Ketika kadar CO2 dalam darah meningkat, pusat pernafasan di otak akan merespons dengan meningkatkan frekuensi dan kedalaman pernapasan untuk mengeluarkan CO2 dari tubuh. Hal ini penting untuk menjaga keseimbangan pH darah dan menghindari penumpukan CO2 yang berlebihan. Asid karbonik dan ion bikarbonat juga terkait dengan keseimbangan pH darah, tetapi tidak secara langsung merangsang pusat pernafasan. Karbon monoksida (CO) adalah gas beracun yang dapat menggantikan oksigen dalam darah, tetapi tidak berperan dalam merangsang pusat pernafasan.

Lysosome is the correct answer because it is an organelle that contains enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and foreign substances, including microorganisms, that enter the cell. It acts as the cell's "garbage disposal" system, helping to maintain cellular homeostasis and protect the cell from harmful invaders. Lysosomes fuse with the engulfed microorganisms and release digestive enzymes to degrade them, effectively destroying the pathogens and preventing them from causing harm to the cell.

Based on Wallace's Rule of Nines, the body is divided into different regions, each representing a specific percentage of the total body surface area. According to this rule, each anterior lower limb accounts for 9%, the anterior trunk (including the chest and abdomen) accounts for 18%, and the posterior trunk (including the back) also accounts for 18%. Since Puan L experienced burns on both anterior lower limbs, the anterior trunk, and abdomen, the total percentage of burn area would be 9% + 9% + 18% + 18% = 36%.

Electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for individuals with depressive psychosis who have suicidal intentions. ECT involves passing electrical currents through the brain to induce a controlled seizure, which can help alleviate symptoms of depression and psychosis. It is often used when other treatments, such as medication or psychotherapy, have not been successful or are not feasible. ECT has been shown to have a high success rate in reducing suicidal thoughts and improving overall mental health in individuals with severe depression and psychosis.

The correct answer is "Pembersihan yang dilakukan selepas pesakit keluar dari wad." This means that the statement is accurate in relation to terminal disinfection. Terminal disinfection refers to the cleaning that is done after a patient has been discharged from a ward or healthcare facility. This helps to prevent the spread of infections and ensure a clean and safe environment for the next patient.

The correct answer is spinal anesthesia. In spinal anesthesia, the anesthetic drug is injected into the subarachnoid space, which is the space between the spinal cord and the protective covering called the arachnoid membrane. This type of anesthesia is commonly used for surgeries involving the lower abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. It provides a more extensive block of sensation compared to local nerve infiltration or topical anesthesia, and is different from epidural block where the anesthetic is injected into the epidural space.

Kesedaran kendiri refers to self-awareness, which means understanding oneself and being aware of our own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It also involves recognizing the impact of our actions and behavior towards others. Therefore, the correct answer implies that understanding oneself and being aware of the effects of our behavior towards others is the purpose or meaning of self-awareness.

Torticollis is a condition characterized by the twisting or tilting of the neck due to muscle tightness or injury. The stenocleidomastoid muscle, located in the neck, is responsible for the rotation and flexion of the head. If this muscle is injured or strained, it can lead to torticollis. Therefore, the stenocleidomastoid muscle is the correct answer as it is directly related to the occurrence of torticollis.

The correct answer is "lakukan dressing bila perlu." This is because dressing should be done regularly to keep the wound clean and prevent infection.

During the final stages of pregnancy, the growing uterus puts pressure on the inferior vena cava, which is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart. This pressure can compress the inferior vena cava, leading to a reduction in blood flow back to the heart. As a result, blood can pool in the lower body, causing a decrease in blood pressure and leading to supine hypotension syndrome. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting when the pregnant woman lies flat on her back.

The main goal of incision and drainage is to accelerate the healing process of a mature abscess. By making an incision and draining the abscess, it allows for the removal of pus and infected material, which can promote faster healing. This helps to prevent the spread of infection and allows the body to heal more efficiently.

The correct answer is "perhatikan fluctuation dalam rod kaca." This answer suggests that the nursing intervention for caring for a patient with a chest tube with an underwater seal is to observe the fluctuation in the glass rod. This is important because the fluctuation indicates proper functioning of the chest tube and can help identify any potential issues or complications.

The correct answer is "mengelakkan kejadian parut hipertropik." This means that the purpose of using a pressure garment for burn patients is to prevent the occurrence of hypertrophic scars. Hypertrophic scars are thick, raised scars that can form after a burn injury. Pressure garments apply constant pressure to the healing skin, which helps to flatten and soften the scar tissue, reducing the likelihood of hypertrophic scarring.

The correct answer is "Membantu pesakit sepenuhnya dalam activity daily living." This is because the nursing process does not solely focus on assisting patients with their activities of daily living. The nursing process involves making plans to meet identified needs, providing specific nursing interventions to meet those needs, and identifying the actual or potential status and healthcare issues.

Unstable angina is a condition characterized by sudden chest pain that occurs unpredictably while at rest. This means that the chest pain can occur even when the person is not exerting themselves or engaging in any physical activity. Unlike stable angina, which is predictable and usually occurs during physical exertion or stress, unstable angina can happen at any time and is not relieved by rest. Additionally, unstable angina typically stops immediately when medication such as GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) is administered.

Potassium is the main electrolyte found in high concentrations within the intracellular space. It plays a crucial role in maintaining normal cell function, including regulating the balance of fluids and electrolytes within cells. Potassium is essential for proper nerve and muscle function, including the contraction of the heart muscle. It also helps to maintain normal blood pressure and pH levels. Therefore, potassium is the correct answer as the main electrolyte found in high concentrations within the intracellular space.

The given answer, "ethics professional," is the correct choice because the statement describes a nurse who prioritizes the needs of the community over her own interests. This demonstrates the nurse's commitment to ethical principles and professional conduct. The nurse's selflessness and dedication to serving the community align with the ethical standards expected of professionals in the healthcare field.

The correct answer is "tindakan dan perlakuan jururawat." The purpose of the code of ethics in the nursing profession is to provide guidance on the actions and behaviors of nurses. It outlines the expected conduct and standards for nurses in their practice, ensuring that they uphold ethical principles and provide quality care to their patients. The code of ethics helps to maintain professionalism, integrity, and accountability within the nursing profession.

Women who experience pelvic inflammatory disease are at risk of developing infertility. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection of the reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. If left untreated, it can cause scarring and damage to these organs, leading to infertility.

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a biochemical reaction that occurs in the mitochondria. It is a series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and is responsible for producing the majority of the cell's energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, it is the correct answer for where the Krebs cycle takes place.

The pulmonary vein is the correct answer because it is the blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart. The other options (aorta, pulmonary artery, and superior vena cava) are all blood vessels, but they do not carry oxygenated blood into the left atrium.

Hyaline cartilage is the correct answer because it is a type of connective tissue that helps in movement at joints. It is found in areas such as the nose, trachea, and the ends of long bones. It provides support, flexibility, and smooth surfaces for the articulation of bones, allowing for easy movement at the joints. Elastic cartilage, elastic connective tissue, and reticular connective tissue have different functions and are not specifically involved in facilitating movement at joints.

The correct answer is "id". The id is a part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of basic needs and desires. It is driven by biological urges and operates at a subconscious level. The id is responsible for impulsive and instinctual behavior.

The given values of pH, Paco2, and HCO3 indicate a low pH, normal Paco2, and low HCO3 levels. This pattern suggests metabolic acidosis, which is characterized by a decrease in pH and HCO3 levels. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis are characterized by abnormal Paco2 levels, while metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an increase in HCO3 levels. Therefore, the interpretation of the given results suggests metabolic acidosis.

The correct answer is to moisten the adherent gauze before removing the dressing. This is because moistening the gauze helps to prevent damage to the newly formed granulation tissue during the dressing change process. It reduces the risk of tearing or disrupting the delicate tissue, promoting better wound healing and maintaining tissue integrity.

The correct answer is spleen. The process of erythrocyte breakdown, also known as hemolysis, occurs in the spleen. The spleen is responsible for filtering the blood and removing old or damaged red blood cells from circulation. It breaks down the red blood cells and recycles their components, such as iron, for future use. The spleen also plays a role in immune function by producing and storing white blood cells.

The correct answer is "mengawal suhu badan." The sweat glands in our body help regulate body temperature by producing sweat. When we sweat, the moisture on our skin evaporates, which cools down our body. This process helps maintain a stable body temperature, especially during physical activity or in hot environments.

The correct answer is "Bacteriacidal Berupaya membunuh bakteria." This is because the term "bacteriacidal" refers to the ability to kill bacteria, while the other options refer to different aspects of bacteria or their requirements. "Bacteriostatic" refers to the ability to inhibit the growth or reproduction of bacteria, "anaerobe" refers to organisms that do not require oxygen, and "aerobe" refers to organisms that do require oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is the option that specifically relates to killing bacteria.

The correct answer is "perasaan penyampai yang bercelaru" because the question asks for an exception to the reasons why the recipient misunderstood the message. The other options (prasangka penerima, intonasi penyampaian oleh penyampai, kelemahan fizikal seperti kebisingan, lokasi, jarak) are all valid factors that could contribute to the recipient misunderstanding the message.

After the wrapping is done, the neurovascular examination is performed by releasing pressure and observing if the skin color returns to its normal reddish hue. This is because releasing pressure allows blood flow to return to the area, resulting in the restoration of normal skin color. This observation helps to assess the adequacy of blood supply to the area and can indicate any potential neurovascular complications.

The main role of the Malaysian Midwifery Board is to regulate the midwifery institutions.

The correct answer is "Mengiktiraf lulusan ijazah kejururawatan." This means that the Royal Malaysian Police recognizes graduates with a nursing degree. This suggests that the police force is actively promoting the development of a nursing career by acknowledging the qualifications of those who have obtained a nursing degree.

The correct answer is "mengawal perdarahan di peringkat ketiga labor." This is because the alternating arrangement of muscle fibers in the myometrium helps to control bleeding during the third stage of labor. The myometrium contracts and compresses the blood vessels, reducing the risk of excessive bleeding after the delivery of the baby and placenta.

The correct answer is "penghasilan sekresi gaster" which means "reduction of gastric secretion" in English. Anticholinergic drugs are given to patients before surgery to reduce the production of stomach acid and other digestive secretions. This helps to prevent complications such as aspiration pneumonia and gastric reflux during anesthesia and surgery. By reducing gastric secretion, the risk of aspiration and other related complications can be minimized, ensuring a safer surgical procedure.

The organelle that is found in abundance in active cells involved in catabolism in the liver and muscles is the mitochondria. Mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Since catabolism involves breaking down complex molecules to release energy, it requires a high amount of ATP production. Therefore, the presence of mitochondria, which are the powerhouse of the cell, is crucial in these active cells.

The correct answer is "irregular rhythm." Sinus rhythm on an ECG refers to a regular pattern of electrical activity in the heart, characterized by a consistent PR interval (0.12-0.20 seconds), QRS complex duration (0.04-0.12 seconds), and heart rate (60-100 beats per minute). An irregular rhythm would deviate from this regular pattern and may indicate a different cardiac condition.