Soalan Psl Sem 1

The correct answer is "anak si mati" because the individual who is eligible to claim the death certificate at the National Registration Department is the deceased person's child.

The correct answer is pulmonary edema. Pulmonary edema refers to the accumulation of fluid in the lungs, which can occur as a complication of excess fluid in the body. This condition can lead to difficulty in breathing, coughing, and a frothy pink sputum. It is caused by various factors such as heart failure, kidney problems, or lung injury. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to treat pulmonary edema and prevent further complications.

According to Sheldon's Theory, individuals with a mesomorph body type are often perceived as brave.

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. It is produced in the salivary glands and released into the mouth during the process of chewing. Therefore, the action of amylase on carbohydrates begins in the mouth.

Peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (tekanan di dalam tengkorak) adalah simptom yang perlu diamati pada Encik R yang mengalami Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). CVA, juga dikenal sebagai stroke, terjadi ketika pasokan darah ke otak terganggu, yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan di dalam tengkorak. Peningkatan tekanan intrakranial dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti sakit kepala yang parah, mual, muntah, perubahan tingkah laku, dan gangguan penglihatan. Pemerhatian yang rapi terhadap peningkatan tekanan intrakranial penting untuk memantau kondisi pasien dan mengambil tindakan yang sesuai.

A deficiency in intrinsic factor can lead to a disruption in the absorption of vitamin B12. Intrinsic factor is a protein produced by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine. Without sufficient intrinsic factor, the body cannot effectively absorb vitamin B12 from the diet, leading to a deficiency. Vitamin B12 is essential for the production of red blood cells and the proper functioning of the nervous system. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, neurological problems, and anemia.

Senaman pada anggota yang lumpuh amat penting bagi pesakit yang mengalami Cerebral Vascular Accident untuk mengelakkan kontraktur. This means that exercise is crucial for patients with Cerebral Vascular Accident to prevent muscle contractions or contractures. Contractures occur when the muscles become tight and stiff due to lack of movement or immobility. Regular exercise helps to maintain muscle flexibility and prevent contractures from developing.

The word "psikologi" originates from the word "psyche," which refers to the mind or soul. It is related to the study and understanding of human behavior and mental processes. Therefore, the correct answer is "mental," as it accurately represents the focus of psychology on the mind and mental aspects of individuals.

The correct answer is "ampu cast di permukaan rata" which means "elevate the cast on a flat surface". This is the correct step to be taken while the Plaster Of Paris is still wet. By elevating the cast on a flat surface, it helps in preventing any distortion or misalignment of the cast as it dries. This ensures that the cast sets properly and maintains its shape.

Pisang perlu dielakkan jika sedang mengalami hyperkalemia karena pisang mengandung tinggi kalium. Hyperkalemia adalah kondisi ketika kadar kalium dalam darah terlalu tinggi. Mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya kalium seperti pisang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya peningkatan kadar kalium dalam darah yang dapat menyebabkan masalah jantung dan otot. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk menghindari makanan tinggi kalium seperti pisang saat mengalami hyperkalemia.

Lelaki 88 tahun dengan uncontrolled hypertension berisiko untuk mendapat haemorrhagic stroke. Hypertensi yang tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan tekanan darah tinggi yang berlebihan pada pembuluh darah di otak, yang dapat menyebabkan pecahnya pembuluh darah dan mengakibatkan stroke hemoragik. Faktor risiko lain seperti usia yang lebih tua juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya stroke.

The purpose of reduction in the treatment of a closed fracture is to restore the bone to its original alignment. This is important for proper healing and to prevent any long-term complications or deformities. By aligning the bone correctly, it allows for better stability and function of the affected limb or joint.

Broccoli, cheese, and yogurt are all rich sources of calcium. However, red radish (lobak merah) is not known for its high calcium content. Therefore, red radish is the exception and does not belong to the list of calcium-rich foods.

The correct answer states "jangan makan ubat ketika perut kosong" which means "do not take the medicine on an empty stomach". This is an important health education for taking medication correctly. Taking medication on an empty stomach can cause stomach irritation or other side effects. It is recommended to take the medication with food to avoid these issues.

The purpose of elevating the installed POP member is to prevent swelling at the end of the limb.

The correct answer is to check the patient's blood pressure before administering the medication. This is important because frusemide is a diuretic medication that can cause a decrease in blood pressure. By checking the patient's blood pressure before giving the medication, the nurse can ensure that it is within a safe range and monitor for any potential adverse effects.

The last phase in the healing process of a fracture is remodeling. During this phase, the newly formed bone tissue undergoes structural changes to regain its original shape and strength. This process involves the removal of excess bone material and the realignment of the bone fragments. Remodeling helps to restore the normal function of the bone and can take several months to complete.

The correct answer is Persatuan jururawat Malaysia. This organization provides opportunities for nurses to voice their careers and concerns.

Torticollis, also known as wry neck, is a condition characterized by the involuntary contraction or spasm of the muscles in the neck, specifically the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This muscle runs from the back of the ear to the collarbone and helps to rotate and tilt the head. When it becomes tight or spasms, it can cause difficulty in turning the head in the opposite direction. Therefore, the correct answer is "Kekejangan pada otot sternocleidomastoid" which means spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

The correct answer is displacement head of femur (superior dan inferior). Congenital dislocation of the hip refers to a condition where the head of the femur is not properly located in the acetabulum of the hip joint. This displacement can occur in both superior and inferior directions, leading to abnormal positioning of the femur and causing difficulties in hip movement and stability. This condition can result in long-term complications if not treated promptly.

Non-weight bearing maksudnya adalah menghindari penggunaan kaki terlibat sepenuhnya. Ini berarti pasien yang memakai kas plaster of paris (POP) tidak boleh menumpukan berat badan pada kaki yang terlibat. Hal ini dilakukan untuk melindungi dan mempercepat proses penyembuhan tulang yang rusak atau cedera. Dengan menghindari penggunaan kaki terlibat sepenuhnya, pasien dapat mencegah tekanan berlebih pada tulang yang rusak sehingga memungkinkan proses penyembuhan yang lebih baik.

The correct answer suggests increasing water intake to 2-3 liters per day. This is because constipation, polyuria, bone pain, and decreased deep tendon reflexes are symptoms that can be associated with dehydration. Increasing water intake can help to alleviate these symptoms and improve overall hydration status.

After the installation of a POP cast, the nurse needs to support the wet cast on a pillow. This is because the wet cast needs to be elevated and supported to prevent any discomfort or pressure on the patient's body. Placing the wet cast on a pillow helps to keep it in a raised position and allows air to circulate around it, promoting drying and preventing any further complications.

The correct answer is "senaman Range of Motion" because performing Range of Motion exercises helps to maintain and improve the flexibility and movement of the muscles and joints. This can prevent muscle atrophy, which is the wasting or loss of muscle mass and strength that can occur when a limb is immobilized or not used for an extended period of time. Range of Motion exercises involve moving the joints through their full range of movement to keep the muscles active and prevent stiffness and weakness.

Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. Abdominal cramping is a common manifestation of hyperkalemia. This is because elevated potassium levels can affect the smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to muscle contractions and abdominal cramping. Other symptoms of hyperkalemia may include weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and irregular heart rhythms. However, out of the given options, abdominal cramping is the most specific manifestation of hyperkalemia.

The correct answer is "Mengelakkan kejadian plaster sore". This is because changing positions every 2 hours helps to prevent pressure sores from developing under the plaster cast. Pressure sores can occur when there is prolonged pressure on a particular area of the skin, leading to tissue damage and the formation of sores. By regularly changing positions, the pressure on any one area is relieved, reducing the risk of developing pressure sores.

The correct answer is "Akta Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awan 1957." This is because the statement mentions that nurses are subject to disciplinary proceedings if they violate ethics while performing their duties. The Act mentioned is the one that governs the disciplinary proceedings for public servants, including nurses.

Dysarthria is a condition characterized by difficulty in speaking and articulating words clearly. It can result from damage to the muscles used for speech production, such as those controlling the tongue, lips, vocal cords, or diaphragm. In the given scenario, the patient's speech is observed to be difficult to understand and translate, which aligns with the symptoms of dysarthria. Apraxia refers to difficulty in coordinating and planning the movements necessary for speech, while alexia refers to difficulty in reading, and dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing.

The most effective way to communicate with a patient with expressive aphasia is by using a communication board. This is because expressive aphasia affects the ability to produce language, making it difficult for the patient to express their thoughts and ideas verbally. A communication board provides visual aids and symbols that the patient can point to in order to convey their message. This method allows for effective communication and understanding between the patient and the caregiver or healthcare professional.

Based on the given symptoms of losing vision, it can be inferred that the occipital lobe is likely to be affected. The occipital lobe is responsible for processing visual information and any damage to this area can result in visual impairments or loss of vision. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the occipital lobe is the part of the brain that is affected in this case.

Compartment syndrome is a condition that can occur in patients with a cast or splint for treating a closed fracture. It is characterized by increased pressure within a muscle compartment, leading to reduced blood flow and potential damage to nerves and muscles in that compartment. This can cause severe pain, numbness, and even tissue death if not treated promptly. Therefore, patients with a cast or splint for a closed fracture are at risk of developing compartment syndrome.

Active transport is the correct answer because it is the process by which cells maintain the concentration of potassium inside the cell. Active transport requires the use of energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. In this case, the cell is actively transporting potassium ions into the cell, against the concentration gradient, to maintain the desired concentration.

Dunlop traction is the appropriate immobilization method for a supracondylar fracture. This method involves using a weight and pulley system to apply traction to the affected limb, which helps align the fractured bones and relieve pressure on the area. It is commonly used for fractures near the elbow joint, such as supracondylar fractures. Skeletal traction involves inserting pins or wires into the bone, while skin traction involves applying traction through adhesive strips on the skin. Fixed skin traction refers to a specific type of skin traction that is not commonly used for supracondylar fractures.

The correct answer is embolism. Bacterial endocarditis can lead to the formation of blood clots in the heart, which can then break off and travel to the brain, causing a Cerebro Vascular Accident (stroke). This process is known as an embolism. Ischemia refers to a lack of blood flow to a specific area, bleeding refers to the escape of blood from blood vessels, and aneurysm refers to a bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel. None of these directly explain the risk of a stroke in this scenario.

The correct answer is manual reduction. Manual reduction refers to the process of manually manipulating the hip joint to reposition the dislocated hip. This is a non-surgical treatment option for patients with congenital dislocation of the hip. It involves applying gentle pressure and manipulation to guide the hip joint back into its normal position. This procedure is typically performed under anesthesia and may be followed by the use of a brace or cast to maintain the corrected position.

The correct answer is "status neurovascular." This refers to monitoring the condition of the blood vessels and nerves in the body. It is important to assess the neurovascular status to ensure proper blood flow and nerve function, as any abnormalities can indicate potential health issues such as circulatory problems or nerve damage.

Thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body. During the surgery, there is a risk of damaging the parathyroid glands, which are responsible for producing a hormone that helps maintain calcium levels. If the parathyroid glands are damaged or removed during the thyroidectomy, it can lead to hypocalcemia, which is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood.

The incorrect health education about TIA is that TIA is a warning sign that a stroke will occur.

Hypercalcemia is a condition characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood. This can lead to various neurological symptoms. Confusion is a common neurological problem experienced by patients with hypercalcemia. The elevated levels of calcium can affect the normal functioning of the brain, leading to cognitive impairment and confusion. Other neurological symptoms that can occur in hypercalcemia include amnesia, tetany (muscle spasms), and slurred speech. However, confusion is specifically mentioned as a common problem associated with this condition.

Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. One of the clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia is muscle spasm. This is because calcium plays a crucial role in muscle contraction and relaxation. When there is a deficiency of calcium, it can lead to increased excitability of the muscles, resulting in spasms or cramps. Other symptoms of hypocalcemia may include nausea and vomiting, constipation, and confusion, but muscle spasm is specifically associated with this condition.

The main purpose of applying a long leg cast POP on Encik Raju's right leg is to maintain the bone fragments in place after reduction. This means that the cast helps to keep the broken bone pieces aligned correctly, allowing them to heal properly. By immobilizing the fracture site, the cast prevents any movement that could disrupt the healing process and helps to ensure that the bone fragments remain in their correct position.

Anasarca is a condition characterized by generalized swelling of the body due to excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues. It can cause various symptoms such as pitting edema, ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity), and even difficulty breathing in certain positions (ortopnea). However, it does not typically affect the jugular vein, which remains palpable in most cases.

Wrist drop is a condition where a person is unable to extend their wrist due to paralysis or weakness of the muscles that control wrist extension. In the case of a fracture shaft of the humerus, it can cause injury to the radial nerve, which innervates the muscles responsible for wrist extension. Therefore, the correct answer is radial.

The correct answer suggests giving warm compression to the injured right ankle. Warm compression can help reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation in a sprained ankle. It improves blood circulation to the injured area, which promotes healing. Applying warm compression can also provide comfort and relaxation to the patient.

Volkmann's contracture is a condition that occurs as a result of a hand fracture. It is caused by injury to the muscles. When a hand fracture occurs, there can be damage to the surrounding muscles, leading to muscle swelling and compression of the blood vessels. This can result in decreased blood flow to the muscles, leading to muscle ischemia (lack of oxygen) and subsequent contracture. Therefore, the correct answer is "Otot" which means "Muscles" in English.

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication that occurs due to prolonged immobility following a tibia bone fracture. DVT refers to the formation of blood clots in the deep veins, usually in the legs. When a person is immobile for an extended period, blood flow slows down, increasing the risk of clot formation. DVT can be dangerous as these clots can break loose and travel to the lungs, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called pulmonary embolism. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and prevent DVT in patients with prolonged immobility after a tibia fracture.

The correct answer is the ciliary body. The ciliary body is responsible for producing the aqueous humor, a clear fluid that fills the anterior chamber of the eye. This fluid helps to maintain the shape of the eye and provides nutrients to the cornea and lens. The ciliary body contains secretory cells that produce the aqueous humor and also controls the shape of the lens, allowing for focusing on near and distant objects. The iris, retina, and choroids do not produce the aqueous humor.

The correct answer is "immobilization anggota dengan splint". This means that the immediate nursing action to reduce pain on a fractured limb is to immobilize it using a splint. Immobilization helps to stabilize the fractured bone, prevent further injury, and reduce pain by restricting movement of the affected limb. Splints are commonly used in emergency situations before the patient can receive further medical treatment.

When a patient has a high intracranial pressure due to Cerebro Vascular Accident, elevating the head position is the appropriate position. This helps to promote venous drainage from the brain and reduce intracranial pressure. The supine position or lying flat on the back can increase intracranial pressure, while recumbent position refers to lying down in any position, so it does not specifically address the issue of intracranial pressure. Elevating the legs is not indicated for high intracranial pressure.

Renal failure is the correct answer because it refers to the dysfunction or damage to the kidneys, which can lead to an imbalance in fluid regulation in the body. In renal failure, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and remove waste products and excess fluid from the body, resulting in fluid accumulation and excess. This can cause symptoms such as edema, high blood pressure, and electrolyte imbalances.